During the public presentation of his long-awaited report on the future of Europeâs competitiveness earlier on Monday (9 September), Mario Draghi said that the âessenceâ of the report could be summed up in just two words, âurgency and concretenessâ. The urgency of the report â and Europeâs current economic problems â cannot be disputed. The Italian technocrat lays out in painstaking detail the âexistential challengeâ posed by Europeâs weak growth rate, which is caused by (among other things) lagging productivity, high energy prices, a severe lack of investment, insufficiently integrated capital markets, and a scarcity of skilled workers. Many of the policy proposals in his 400-page report are also reasonably concrete, especially as they concern the energy sector. (For instance, he calls for the creation of a new EU legal framework that would override national law for cross-border energy grids.) When it comes to the most âcontroversialâ policy proposals, however, Draghi is often surprisingly vague, or cautious, in a way that makes his specific recommendations difficult to explain. Common borrowing On the (deeply) politically divisive issue of how to finance the âmassive investmentsâ of up to âŹ800 billion required to facilitate the green and digital transition, and boost defence spending, Draghi was exceedingly cautious. A new joint debt at the EU level was called for, but only âif the political and institutional conditions are in place,â he said Of course, it is hard to imagine that fiscally hawkish countries like the Netherlands and Germany would ever consider the âpolitical conditionsâ to be met. |