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ScienceDaily: Top Technology News |
| Shedding light on polymer solar cells: Illuminating how solvent additives improve efficiency Posted: 28 Jan 2022 07:07 AM PST Researchers imaged nanoscale photocurrents in an all-polymer blend solar cell using photoconductive atomic force microscopy. Trace solvent additives were found to enhance polymer ordering and crystallization without undesirable changes in the scale of phase separation necessary for device performance. The findings explain the basis of the performance enhancement attributed to solvent additives and will accelerate research efforts aimed at establishing all-polymer blend solar cells as a viable environmentally sustainable choice. |
| New atomistic level insight into drug-target residence time Posted: 28 Jan 2022 07:07 AM PST A new study helps to explain what defines how long a drug molecule stays bound to its target. |
| New blood test combined with image-based prostate cancer screening reduces harms and costs Posted: 28 Jan 2022 07:07 AM PST The combination of a novel blood test and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reduce overdiagnosis of low-risk cancers as well as societal costs in prostate cancer screening, according to a cost-effectiveness study. |
| Players needed to solve puzzles and help advance cancer research Posted: 27 Jan 2022 02:26 PM PST Scientists have just launched GENIGMA, a videogame that enlists players to solve puzzles while generating real-world scientific data that can detect alterations in genomic sequences and ultimately advance breast cancer research. The game was created to boost worldwide research efforts that depend on cancer cell lines, a critical resource used by scientists to study cancer and test new drugs to treat the disease. One of the limitations of cancer cell lines are a lack of high-resolution genome reference maps, which are necessary to help researchers interpret their scientific results. |
| Study finds lower math scores in high schools that switched to 4-day school week Posted: 27 Jan 2022 02:26 PM PST A recent study analyzing the impact of a shorter school week for high schools found that 11th-grade students participating in a four-day week performed worse on standardized math tests than students who remained on five-day schedules. |
| Cosmic physics mimicked on table-top as graphene enables Schwinger effect Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:15 AM PST Researchers have succeeded in observing the so-called Schwinger effect, an elusive process that normally occurs only in cosmic events. By applying high currents through specially designed graphene-based devices, the team succeeded in producing particle-antiparticle pairs from a vacuum. |
| What wintering squirrels can teach astronauts Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:15 AM PST The unique way that ground squirrels burn almost no energy when they hibernate -- with no loss of muscle mass -- has implications for space travel, biologists find. |
| Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Engineers built a cost-effective artificial leaf that can capture carbon dioxide at rates 100 times better than current systems. Unlike other carbon capture systems, which work in labs with pure carbon dioxide from pressurized tanks, this artificial leaf captures carbon dioxide from the air or flue gas and is modular. |
| A mathematical secret of lizard camouflage Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST The shape-shifting clouds of starling birds, the organization of neural networks or the structure of an anthill: nature is full of complex systems whose behaviors can be modeled using mathematical tools. The same is true for the labyrinthine patterns formed by the green or black scales of the ocellated lizard. A multidisciplinary team explains, thanks to a very simple mathematical equation, the complexity of the system that generates these patterns. This discovery contributes to a better understanding of the evolution of skin color patterns: the process allows for many different locations of green and black scales but always leads to an optimal pattern for the animal survival. |
| New, highly efficient catalyst for propylene production Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Researchers have developed an innovative catalyst for the synthesis of propylene, which has potential benefits for the chemical industry and carbon recycling. |
| Scientists explain mysterious finger-like features in solar flares Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Astronomers have presented a new explanation for the mysterious downward-moving dark voids seen in some solar flares. |
| Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Elderly people who live near or downwind of unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD), such as fracking, are at greater risk of premature death than those who don't live near UOGD. Airborne contaminants emitted by UOGD that are transported downwind are likely contributing to increased mortality. |
| Tiny materials lead to a big advance in quantum computing Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Researchers used the 2D material hexagonal boron nitride to build much smaller capacitors for superconducting qubits, enabling them to shrink the footprint of a qubit by two orders of magnitude without sacrificing performance. |
| Where did that sound come from? Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Neuroscientists developed a computer model that can localize sounds. The model, which consists of several convolutional neural networks, not only performs the task as well as humans do, it also struggles in the same ways that humans do when the task is made more difficult by adding echoes or multiple sounds. |
| New experiment results bolster potential for self-sustaining fusion Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:00 AM PST For more than 60 years, scientists have sought to understand and control the process of fusion, a quest to harness the vast amounts of energy released when nuclei in fuel come together. A new paper describes recent experiments that have achieved a burning plasma state in fusion, helping steer fusion research closer than it has ever been to its ultimate goal: a self-sustaining, controlled reaction. |
| In search of (un)desired side effects Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST Pharmaceutical researchers speak of a hit when they come across a promising substance with a desired effect in early drug discovery. Unfortunately, hits are rarely bull's-eyes, often showing undesirable side effects that not only complicate the search for new hits, but also the subsequent development into a drug. A new study could now help to better identify one of the most frequently observed side effects already in early drug discovery, but also to find new bioactivities. |
| Eco-friendly micro-supercapacitors using fallen leaves? Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST A research team has developed a graphene-inorganic-hybrid micro-supercapacitor made of leaves using femtosecond direct laser writing lithography. The advancement of wearable electronic devices is synonymous with innovations in flexible energy storage devices. Of the various energy storage devices, micro-supercapacitors have drawn a great deal of interest for their high electrical power density, long lifetimes, and short charging times. |
| Scientists make a new type of optical device using alumina Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:39 AM PST Researchers have developed an alumina short-wavelength absorber patterned with moth eye-like structures. These new anti-reflective structures will improve the performance of telescopes studying radiation from the Big Bang. |
| Powerful machine-learning model shows diamond melting at high pressure Posted: 26 Jan 2022 11:42 AM PST A supercomputer simulation model that rapidly predicts the behavior of billions of interacting atoms has captured the melting of diamond when compressed by extreme pressures and temperatures. The work could aid understanding of the internal structure of carbon-based exoplanets and have important implications for nuclear fusion efforts that employ capsules made of polycrystalline diamond. |
| Scientists develop COVID-19 testing lab in a backpack Posted: 26 Jan 2022 11:39 AM PST Researchers have created a simple COVID-19 testing lab that fits into a backpack providing a cheap and effective solution for low income or remote areas. |
| New structured thermal armor achieves liquid cooling above 1,000°C Posted: 26 Jan 2022 09:24 AM PST Scientists have recently designed a structured thermal armor (STA) that achieves efficient liquid cooling even over 1,000°C, fundamentally solving a 266-year-old challenge presented by the Leidenfrost effect. This breakthrough can be applied in aero and space engines, as well as improve the safety and reliability of next-generation nuclear reactors. |
| Previously unknown aspects of running shoe design uncovered Posted: 26 Jan 2022 09:22 AM PST A thick running shoe midsole is often favored for its shock absorbing protection, but it has been assumed that these heavily cushioned shoes increase leg stiffness and muscle fatigue. But results of a new study suggest that midsole thickness is unlikely to cause individuals to alter their leg stiffness. |
| Simulation models exercise, age effects on plaque formation in arteries Posted: 25 Jan 2022 08:26 AM PST Engineers use fluid dynamics simulations to study the effect of exercise at various ages on plaque formation in the arteries. The authors considered two arterial geometries, one with a bulging outer artery and the other without, and modeled the effect of exercise and age on blood flow. To model exercise, the authors digitized blood flow measurements from individuals in three age groups and used these flowrates as input to their computational model. |
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