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| Breaking the shield that protects pancreatic cancer from immunotherapy Posted: 05 May 2022 11:38 AM PDT Scar-like cells that make up a sizable portion of malignant pancreatic tumors and shield these cancers from immune attack are derived from mesothelial cells that line tissues and organs, a new study suggests. The findings could offer a new strategy to fight pancreatic cancer, a deadly disease for which no truly effective treatments exist. |
| Mechanism 'splits' electron spins in magnetic material Posted: 05 May 2022 11:38 AM PDT Holding the right material at the right angle, researchers have discovered a strategy to switch the magnetization in thin layers of a ferromagnet -- a technique that could eventually lead to the development of more energy-efficient magnetic memory devices. |
| Using AI to analyze large amounts of biological data Posted: 05 May 2022 11:38 AM PDT Researchers are applying a form of artificial intelligence (AI) -- previously used to analyze how National Basketball Association (NBA) players move their bodies -- to now help scientists develop new drug therapies for medical treatments targeting cancers and other diseases. |
| 'Metalens' could disrupt vacuum UV market Posted: 05 May 2022 11:38 AM PDT Photonics researchers have created a potentially disruptive technology for the ultraviolet optics market. Solid-state 'metalens' transform long-wave UV into focused 'vacuum UV,' a type of light used in semiconductor manufacturing that is costly, in part because it is absorbed by almost all types of glass used to make conventional lenses. |
| New shape memory alloy discovered through artificial intelligence framework Posted: 05 May 2022 11:38 AM PDT Researchers used an Artificial Intelligence Materials Selection framework (AIMS) to discover a new shape memory alloy. The shape memory alloy showed the highest efficiency during operation achieved thus far for nickel-titanium-based materials. In addition, their data-driven framework offers proof of concept for future materials development. |
| Posted: 05 May 2022 11:38 AM PDT A new study reports a 50 to 60 percent lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among women who started endoscopy screening at age 45 compared to those who had not undergone screening at all. |
| Water scarcity predicted to worsen in more than 80% of croplands globally this century Posted: 05 May 2022 11:38 AM PDT Agricultural water scarcity is expected to increase in more than 80% of the world's croplands by 2050, according to a new study. |
| Cutting calories and eating at the right time of day leads to longer life in mice Posted: 05 May 2022 11:37 AM PDT In a study that followed hundreds of mice over their lifespans, calorie restriction combined with time-restricted eating boosted longevity. |
| Posted: 05 May 2022 11:37 AM PDT Whether it's making rash decisions or feeling grumpy, hunger can make us think and act differently -- 'hangry,' even. But little is known about how hunger signals in the gut communicate with the brain to change behavior. Now, scientists are using worms as a model to examine the molecular underpinnings and help explain how hunger makes an organism sacrifice comfort and make risky decisions to get a meal. |
| Posted: 05 May 2022 11:37 AM PDT Researchers have uncovered how signals from a group of neurons in the brain's frontal lobe simultaneously give humans the flexibility to learn new tasks -- and the focus to develop highly specific skills. |
| The mystery solved about the active phase in catalytic carbon dioxide reduction to methanol Posted: 05 May 2022 11:37 AM PDT Researchers have been able to study the surface of a copper-zinc catalyst when carbon dioxide is reduced to methanol. A better knowledge of the catalytic process and the possibility of finding even more efficient materials opens the door for a green transition in the chemical industry. |
| In sediments below Antarctic ice, scientists discover a giant groundwater system Posted: 05 May 2022 11:32 AM PDT A team has mapped a huge, actively circulating groundwater system in deep sediments in West Antarctica. They say such systems, probably common in Antarctica, may have as-yet unknown implications for how the frozen continent reacts to, or possibly even contributes to, climate change. |
| Only 10 vaquita porpoises survive, but species may not be doomed, scientists say Posted: 05 May 2022 11:32 AM PDT The world's smallest marine mammal -- the critically endangered vaquita porpoise, which lives only in Mexico's Sea of Cortez -- is believed to have only 10 living members, if that, of the species. The vaquita is widely thought to be on the verge of extinction, but a new scientific analysis by a team of biologists concludes the species remains relatively healthy and can survive -- if the illegal use of 'gillnet' fishing ceases promptly. |
| Understanding how sunscreens damage coral Posted: 05 May 2022 11:32 AM PDT Researchers reveal a mechanism by which oxybenzone, a common sunscreen component, damages corals. The surprising findings could help guide the development and marketing of effective, coral-safe sunscreens. |
| Active brown adipose tissue protects against 'pre-prediabetes' Posted: 05 May 2022 08:47 AM PDT In a prospective study of young, lean adults, PET/CT imaging revealed that higher levels of active brown adipose tissue (also known as 'brown fat') are more prevalent in individuals who exhibit very early indications of metabolic disorders. The study suggests that active brown fat is recruited to counteract 'pre-prediabetic' states, potentially serving as a first-line protective mechanism against very early metabolic or hormonal abnormalities. |
| Newly proposed search strategies improve computational cost of the bicycle-sharing problem Posted: 05 May 2022 08:47 AM PDT Bicycle sharing is an attractive zero-carbon transportation option for a world that is being increasingly disrupted by climate change. But bikes need to be restored at bike ports every now and then. Calculating the optimal way to restore bicycles is time consuming and computationally expensive. Recently, researchers have built upon their previous optimization algorithm to propose two strategies to reduce computational costs while maintaining the performance of the algorithm. |
| Small changes -- but essential! How peptides are recognized in receptors Posted: 05 May 2022 08:47 AM PDT The human body consists of trillions of cells that constantly communicate with each other. A central role in this communication process is played by receptor proteins on the cell surface. Since they often serve as drug targets, they have been the subject of intensive research. Often there are whole families of receptors. The signal messengers as well as the receptors are very similar to each other, so it is not clear how the signals are distinguished from each other at the molecular level. Now, scientists have succeeded in determining high-resolution structures for three related signalling complexes that occur naturally in the body for the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor family, thus shedding light on the 'small but essential differences'. |
| Hubble reveals surviving companion star in aftermath of supernova Posted: 05 May 2022 08:47 AM PDT It's not unheard of to find a surviving star at the scene of a titanic supernova explosion, which would be expected to obliterate everything around it, but new research has provided a long-awaited clue to a specific type of stellar death. In some supernova cases, astronomers find no trace of the former star's outermost layer of hydrogen. What happened to the hydrogen? Suspicions that companion stars are responsible -- siphoning away their partners' outer shell before their death -- are supported by the recent identification of a surviving companion star on the scene of supernova 2013ge. |
| Researchers now able to predict battery lifetimes with machine learning Posted: 05 May 2022 08:46 AM PDT Scientists have used machine learning algorithms to predict how long a lithium-ion battery will last. |
| Lunar soil has the potential to generate oxygen and fuel Posted: 05 May 2022 08:46 AM PDT Soil on the moon contains active compounds that can convert carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuels, scientists report. They are now exploring whether lunar resources can be used to facilitate human exploration on the moon or beyond. |
| 'Nanomagnetic' computing can provide low-energy AI Posted: 05 May 2022 08:46 AM PDT Researchers have shown it is possible to perform artificial intelligence using tiny nanomagnets that interact like neurons in the brain. |
| Global bird populations steadily declining Posted: 05 May 2022 08:46 AM PDT Staggering declines in bird populations are taking place around the world. So concludes a study from scientists at multiple institutions. Loss and degradation of natural habitats and direct overexploitation of many species are cited as the key threats to avian biodiversity. Climate change is identified as an emerging driver of bird population declines. |
| Researchers create flat magic window with liquid crystals Posted: 05 May 2022 07:21 AM PDT Researchers have used liquid crystals to create a flat magic window -- a transparent device that produces a hidden image when light shines on it. The process for creating transparent liquid crystal magic windows can produce any desired image. The process can also be used to create magic mirrors that reflect, rather than transmit, light to create an image. The technology represents a new twist on a very old light trick, originating thousands of years ago in China and Japan. |
| Rapid adaptation of deep learning teaches drones to survive any weather Posted: 05 May 2022 05:56 AM PDT Neural-Fly technology could one day build the future of package delivery drones and flying cars. |
| How MRI could revolutionize heart failure diagnosis Posted: 05 May 2022 05:56 AM PDT Until now, the best way of diagnosing heart failure has been an invasive assessment, but it carries risks for patients. Non-invasive echocardiogram, which is based on ultrasound, are usually used instead, but they are wrong in up to 50 per cent of cases. The new study shows how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to echocardiography for diagnosing heart failure, as well as being a powerful tool to predict patient outcomes, including death. |
| New discovery to improve malaria elimination strategies Posted: 05 May 2022 05:56 AM PDT Researchers have made a crucial discovery about how asymptomatic malaria infections impact the body, informing potential strategies to control transmission and improve treatment outcomes. |
| 'Lost' coral species resurrected Posted: 05 May 2022 05:56 AM PDT With about one-third of the world's corals currently under threat of extinction due to climate change, researchers have made the encouraging discovery of a 'lost' species of coral that had been hidden for more than 50 years. |
| Combining certain meds with ibuprofen can permanently injure kidneys Posted: 05 May 2022 05:56 AM PDT Anyone who is taking a diuretic and a renin-angiotensin system (RSA) inhibitor for high blood pressure should be cautious about also taking ibuprofen, according to new research. |
| Identifying global poverty from space Posted: 05 May 2022 05:56 AM PDT A new study proposes a novel method to estimate global economic wellbeing using nighttime satellite images. |
| Quantum mechanics could explain why DNA can spontaneously mutate Posted: 05 May 2022 05:56 AM PDT The molecules of life, DNA, replicate with astounding precision, yet this process is not immune to mistakes and can lead to mutations. Using sophisticated computer modelling, a team of physicists and chemist have shown that such errors in copying can arise due to the strange rules of the quantum world. |
| New technology reduces heavy-duty diesel emissions to meet stringent CARB 2027 NOx requirements Posted: 04 May 2022 02:08 PM PDT Engineers have demonstrated the effectiveness of new technology to cut diesel emissions. The advancement successfully reduced heavy-duty diesel engine nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions to meet the California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2027 standards. |
| Baby corals are just as susceptible as adults to deadly reef disease Posted: 04 May 2022 02:08 PM PDT Baby corals are just as susceptible as adults to a deadly disease that has been spreading across Florida's reefs since 2014, according to a new study. The findings showed that stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) infects baby corals with similar severity and mortality that we see in adult colonies. This is the first study to show the impacts of any coral disease on baby corals. |
| Higher antioxidant levels linked to lower dementia risk Posted: 04 May 2022 02:08 PM PDT People with higher levels of antioxidants in their blood may be less likely to develop dementia, according to a new study. |
| A 'factory reset' for the brain may cure anxiety, drinking behavior, study suggests Posted: 04 May 2022 12:36 PM PDT Gene editing may be a potential treatment for anxiety and alcohol use disorder in adults who were exposed to binge drinking in their adolescence, according to the results of an animal study. The researchers used a gene-editing tool called CRISPR-dCas9 in their experiments to manipulate the histone acetylation and methylation processes at the Arc gene in models of adult rats. |
| Will climate change increase the risk of aflatoxin in U.S. corn? Posted: 04 May 2022 12:12 PM PDT As climate change continues to alter weather patterns around the planet including the Midwest, researchers are modeling the impact on crops such as corn. |
| Hundreds of injured singers profiled Posted: 04 May 2022 12:12 PM PDT An analysis of more than 400 singers who sought treatment for vocal injuries provides a wealth of data on a topic that's often considered taboo to discuss in the singing community. |
| Links between paranormal beliefs and cognitive function described by 40 years of research Posted: 04 May 2022 11:45 AM PDT In a review of 71 studies that explored links between belief in paranormal phenomena and cognitive function, most of the findings align with the hypothesis that such beliefs are associated with cognitive differences or deficits. |
| Scientists identify the most extreme heatwaves ever recorded globally Posted: 04 May 2022 11:45 AM PDT A new study has revealed the most intense heatwaves ever across the world -- and remarkably some of these went almost unnoticed decades ago. |
| Scientists engineer new tools to electronically control gene expression Posted: 04 May 2022 11:45 AM PDT Researchers have created an improved method for turning genes on and off using electrical signals. |
| Researchers find link between Parkinson's gene and vocal issues that could lead to earlier diagnosis Posted: 04 May 2022 11:45 AM PDT Neuroscientists found that higher levels of the alpha-synuclein protein in the brain can lead to changes in vocal production. |
| Posted: 04 May 2022 11:45 AM PDT Patients diagnosed with cancer more than one year ago and those not receiving active treatment were no more vulnerable to worse COVID-19 outcomes than patients without cancer, according to a new study. |
| California's 2020 wildfire season Posted: 04 May 2022 11:45 AM PDT A new study summarizing the 2020 California wildfire year said just over 9,900 wildfires burned 4.3 million acres in 2020. That's twice the previous record but only average compared to burn rates before Euro-American settlement. Fire severity is the far greater concern. |
| Major 2020 Alaska quake triggered neighboring 2021 temblor Posted: 04 May 2022 11:45 AM PDT A study of two powerful earthquakes in adjacent areas off the Alaska Peninsula in 2020 and 2021 shows a connection between the two. It also suggests they may be a part of an 80-year rupture cascade along the fault. |
| Daily steroids safe and slows progression of duchenne muscular dystrophy, study suggests Posted: 04 May 2022 10:56 AM PDT New research recommends daily steroid doses for children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, marking a significant change in how the disease is treated. |
| New study reviews anti-cancer activity of sustained release capsaicin formulations Posted: 04 May 2022 10:56 AM PDT A study provides the first published in-depth description of the anti-cancer activity of capsaicin sustained release formulations. Capsaicin is naturally found in chili peppers and is the agent that provides the hot and spicy taste when eating chili peppers. |
| Bye, bye, biopsy? Handheld device could painlessly identify skin cancers Posted: 04 May 2022 10:56 AM PDT A new device uses millimeter-wave imaging -- the same technology used in airport security scanners -- to scan a patient's skin to detect if they have skin cancer. Millimeter-wave rays harmlessly penetrate about 2mm into human skin, so the team's imaging technology provides a clear 3D map of scanned skin lesions. |
| How mosquito brains encode human odor so they can seek us out Posted: 04 May 2022 10:08 AM PDT Some strains of Aedes aegypti -- the mosquito that carries Zika, malaria and dengue fever -- have evolved to bite humans almost exclusively. A team has now discovered how they target us so precisely. |
| The quest for an ideal quantum bit Posted: 04 May 2022 10:08 AM PDT Scientists have developed a qubit platform formed by freezing neon gas into a solid, spraying electrons from a light bulb's filament onto it, and trapping a single electron there. This system shows great promise as an ideal building block for quantum computers. |
| Surprising risk factors may predict heart attacks in young women Posted: 04 May 2022 10:08 AM PDT A new study has for the first time identified which risk factors are more likely to trigger a heart attack or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for men and women 55 years and younger. |
| A new 225-million-year-old reptile from Brazil Posted: 04 May 2022 10:08 AM PDT A reassessment of Faxinalipterus minimus, a purported Triassic pterosaur from southern Brazil resulted in the description of a new taxon -- researchers present Maehary bonapartei a small reptile that is considered to be the most basal of the evolutionary lineage that gave rise to pterosaurs. The study also demonstrates that Faxinalipterus minimus is not a winged reptile, contrary to what was previously supposed. |
| Astronomers discover a rare 'black widow' binary, with the shortest orbit yet Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Astronomers discovered a 'black widow binary' -- a rapidly spinning neutron star circling and slowly consuming a smaller companion star. Named ZTF J1406+1222, the pair has the shortest orbital period yet identified, and is unique in that it appears to host a third star that orbits around the two inner stars every 10,000 years. |
| A healthy lifestyle helps to prevent gestational diabetes in those at highest genetic risk Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Researchers have developed a genetic-risk score for identifying individuals who would benefit the most from lifestyle counseling to prevent gestational and postpartum diabetes. |
| The role of the cerebellum in absence seizures Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Researchers have gained new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of absence seizures and potential therapy options. |
| Jaws hold crucial knowledge on the fate of sharks Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT A significant change in the genetics of tiger sharks reveals a vulnerability to direct exploitation and shark control programs. |
| Correct dosage for ultraviolet disinfection against COVID Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, ultraviolet radiation became one of the go-to methods for preventing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, along with facemasks, hand sanitizer and social distancing. The problem: There was little research showing what UV dosage kills the virus. In a new study, researchers lay the foundation for health standards about what offers true disinfection. |
| Cold-survival strategies in animals: A spectrum, not either-or Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Animals have three main strategies to survive the freezing temperatures of winter: migrating, remaining in place and resisting the cold, and reducing body temperature and metabolic rate in a state called torpor. |
| Benefits of exercise may vary greatly in primary mitochondrial disease Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Researchers demonstrated that the benefits of endurance exercise can vary based on the type of mutation involved in mitochondrial disease, and while the benefits of exercise tend to outweigh the risks, the mitochondrial genetic status of patients should be taken into consideration when recommending exercise as therapy. |
| Gene expression in the nervous system: Mechanism for its targeted stimulation discovered Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Genes are the carriers of our genetic information. They are read in our cells and used to produce ribonucleic acids (RNAs). During this process, termed transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase II has a decisive influence on the exact time at which genes are read and on the intensity with which this happens. In their recent article, researchers have shown exactly how RNA polymerase II is activated in nerve cells, and how this stimulates gene expression, the targeted use of genetic information. Their discoveries contain valuable starting points for further biomedical research. |
| New target for CAR T cells in solid tumors Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Researchers share the identification of a new potential target for CAR T cells called OR2H1 that they have demonstrated inhibits growth in lung and ovarian tumors. |
| Remote programming of cardiac implantable devices is safe for MRI scan, study suggests Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT More than 60 million magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are performed worldwide each year, but imaging for the millions of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) such as pacemakers is a logistical challenge, because of concerns with how the magnetic field affects the implants. Now, a newly published study reveals safe and effective reprogramming of these devices is possible, even from a remote location. |
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