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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| Magnetic ‘hedgehogs’ could store big data in a small space Posted: 17 Dec 2021 08:32 AM PST Atomic-scale magnetic patterns resembling a hedgehog's spikes could result in hard disks with massively larger capacities than today's devices, a new study suggests. The finding could help data centers keep up with the exponentially increasing demand for video and cloud data storage. |
| Coast redwood and sequoia genome sequences completed Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:28 AM PST Scientists have completed the sequences for the coast redwood and giant sequoia genomes. The research helps better explain the genetic basis for these species' ability to adapt to their changing environments. The findings indicate that the coast redwood genome evolved from a single ancestral species. |
| Fire and ice: The puzzling link between western wildfires and Arctic sea ice Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:28 AM PST Researchers uncover the mechanics behind dwindling Arctic sea ice and its influence on wildfire weather in the western United States. |
| After thousands of years, an iconic whale confronts a new enemy Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:27 AM PST The iconic tusked whale of the Arctic has a new enemy -- noise. A unique study shows that narwhals are highly affected by noise from ships and seismic airgun pulses -- even at 20-30 kilometers away. As ice melts, noise levels in the Arctic are rising, worrying scientists about the future of narwhals. |
| Research breakthrough could see HIV drugs used to treat low-grade brain tumors Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:27 AM PST Drugs developed to treat AIDS and HIV could offer hope to patients diagnosed with the most common form of primary brain tumor. The breakthrough is significant because, if further research is conclusive, the anti-retroviral drugs could be prescribed for patients diagnosed with meningioma and acoustic neuroma brain tumors (also known as schwannoma). |
| New research sheds light on how ultrasound could be used to treat psychiatric disorders Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:27 AM PST A new study has shown how the brain gives credit to events, along with how transcranial ultrasound (TUS) can disrupt this process. While currently developed in an animal model, this line of research and the use of TUS could one day be applied to clinical research to tackle conditions such as addiction. |
| One algorithm to rule decision-making Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:27 AM PST Researchers uncover a single rule for how animals make spatial decisions while on the move. |
| Limited brain capacity in humans and birds Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:27 AM PST Birds and humans have very different networks of neurons in their brains. Nevertheless, their working memory is limited by similar mechanisms. |
| Pioneering new technique to barcode cells Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:27 AM PST Scientists have developed a pioneering new technique to barcode individual cells more accurately and efficiently - which could help pave the way for quicker disease diagnosis. |
| Addiction relapse driven by drug-seeking habit, not just drug Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:27 AM PST Why are some individuals able to use recreational drugs in a controlled way, whereas others switch to the compulsive, relapsing drug-seeking and -taking habits that characterize substance use disorder (SUD)? Despite more than six decades of extensive research, the question remains unanswered, hampering the development of targeted prevention and therapeutic strategies. Now, a new study in rats has identified the maladaptive nature of drug-seeking habits and how they contribute to the perpetuation of addiction by promoting the tendency to relapse. |
| Perovskite solar cell with ultra-long stability Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:22 AM PST Perovskites are the great hope for further increasing the efficiency of solar modules in the future. Until now, their short service life has been considered the biggest hurdle to their practical use, but this could soon change. Researchers now present a variant that stands out for its stability. |
| New hiding place for antibiotic resistance Posted: 16 Dec 2021 12:02 PM PST Genes that make bacteria resistant to antibiotics can persist longer than it was previously believed. This was recently shown in a new study that reports a previously unknown hiding place for these genes. The finding represents a new and important piece in the puzzle to understand how bacterial antibiotic resistance works. |
| Specific components of air pollution identified as more harmful than others Posted: 16 Dec 2021 12:01 PM PST Ammonium is one of the specific components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), that has been linked to a higher risk of death compared to other chemicals found in it, according to a new study. |
| Insects: How farmers can be better engaged in species conservation Posted: 16 Dec 2021 12:01 PM PST While farmers have the capacity to drive species conservation worldwide, their true potential is yet to be fully realized. An international team of researchers shows how this can change. The researchers interviewed 560 farmers around the world to find out what they know about their local pollinator diversity and their engagement in the issue. The results offer important insights for politics and science. |
| Stem cells organize themselves into embryoid Posted: 16 Dec 2021 12:01 PM PST Researchers have developed a method to generate embryo-like cell complexes from the stem cells of mice. The method provides new insights into embryonic development. In the medium term, it might also be suitable for developing tests for substances that could be harmful to fertility. |
| Snow drought research finds predictability in uncertainty Posted: 16 Dec 2021 12:00 PM PST As climate change makes periods of record low snow more frequent, a new study helps to bridge disagreement over how to measure snow depth and how to define snow drought. |
| Posted: 16 Dec 2021 12:00 PM PST Researchers have pioneered a new fabrication technique that enables them to produce low-voltage, power-dense, high endurance soft actuators for an aerial microrobot. These artificial muscles vastly improve the robot's payload and allow it to achieve best-in-class hovering performance. |
| New meteorological phenomenon dubbed 'atmospheric lakes' Posted: 16 Dec 2021 12:00 PM PST Like atmospheric rivers, but smaller and slower moving, the pools of water vapor bring much-needed rain from the Indo-Pacific to arid regions along the east African coast. |
| Demonstrating Feshbach resonances between a single ion and ultracold atoms Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:59 AM PST A team has demonstrated magnetic Feshbach resonances between a single barium ion and lithium atoms at near absolute zero temperature. The researchers found that depending on the strength of the external magnetic field, the expansion of the ion and atoms can be controlled. |
| College football players have abnormalities in coordination and inflammation Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:59 AM PST Collegiate football athletes with a decade or more of experience with the sport have related abnormalities in inflammation, energy production and coordination that are apparent before the football season and across the season, a new study has found. The abnormalities are related to routine repetitive head impacts from tackling and blocking. |
| Realistic model of mouse hippocampus uncovers new mechanism for pattern separation Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:59 AM PST Our brains can distinguish highly similar patterns, thanks to a process called pattern separation. How exactly our brains separate patterns is, however, not full,y understood yet. Using a full-scale computer model of the dentate gyrus, a brain region involved in pattern separation, researchers found that inhibitory neurons activated by one pattern suppress all their neighboring neurons, thereby switching off 'competing' similar patterns. |
| Nanoparticle therapeutic enhances cancer immunotherapy Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:59 AM PST Researchers have discovered that a nanoparticle therapeutic enhances cancer immunotherapy and is a possible new approach in treating malignant pleural effusion (MPE). MPE is the accumulation of fluid between the chest wall and lungs and is accompanied by malignant cells and/or tumors. |
| 1,500 endangered languages at high risk of being lost this century Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:59 AM PST A new study warns 1,500 endangered languages could no longer be spoken by the end of this century. |
| Marine life can cling together to buy time in the face of climate warming Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:58 AM PST Some marine species can help protect others from climate change by shielding them from heat, according to a new study. |
| New potential treatment for graft-versus-host-disease and other inflammatory disorders Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:58 AM PST Researchers have shown that blocking IL-6 and TNF cytokines provides a more effective approach to preventing life-threatening graft-versus-host-disease, an inflammatory condition that develops in patients after their allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. |
| California Academy of Sciences researchers describe 70 new species in 2021 Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:58 AM PST Researchers describe 70 new species in 2021 from the lowland forests of Madagascar to Easter Island's coral reefs. |
| Study questions widely used race-based formula to define lung disease Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:58 AM PST New results from a long-term epidemiologic study reveal that one of the oldest racially based diagnostic formulas in medicine is no better than a race-neutral equation. |
| Fabricating stable, high-mobility transistors for next-generation display technologies Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:58 AM PST The trade-off between carrier mobility and stability in amorphous oxide semiconductor-based thin film transistors (TFTs) has been finally overcome by researchers in an ingeniously fabricated indium tin zinc oxide TFT. This could pave the way for the design of display technologies that are cheaper than current silicon-based technologies. |
| New smart-roof coating enables year-round energy savings Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:50 AM PST Scientists have developed an all-season smart-roof coating that keeps homes warm during the winter and cool during the summer -- without consuming natural gas or electricity. Research findings point to a groundbreaking technology that outperforms commercial cool-roof systems in energy savings. |
| A new way to find genetic variations removes bias from human genotyping Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:50 AM PST Since the first sequencing of the human genome more than 20 years ago, the study of human genomes has relied almost exclusively on a single reference genome to which others are compared to identify genetic variations. Scientists have long recognized that a single reference genome cannot represent human diversity and that using it introduces a pervasive bias into these studies. Now, they finally have a practical alternative. Researchers have introduced a new tool, called Giraffe, that can efficiently map new genome sequences to a 'pangenome' representing many diverse human genome sequences. |
| Diverse plant water-use strategies make forests more resilient to extreme drought Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:46 AM PST An unprecedented drought experiment at Biosphere 2 highlights nature's surprising resilience. |
| Maples in the mountains provide clues to past distribution Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:45 AM PST Researchers have investigated the genetic structure of the relic species, Acer miyabei, from three regions in Japan: Hokkaido Island and two southern groups in Northern and Central Honshu. There was significant genetic differentiation among the regions, with the northern group separated from the southern groups. Populations in the mountains of Central Honshu showed a high proportion of distinct alleles and the mountainous terrain in this area likely contributed to this genetic differentiation. |
| For IBS, specific diets are less important than expected Posted: 16 Dec 2021 06:27 AM PST Many IBS sufferers avoid certain types of food and often exclude gluten. However, a large new study does not show a relationship between high intake of gluten and increased IBS symptoms. The researchers did find that a certain type of carbohydrate called 'fodmaps' can aggravate intestinal problems, however, the overall results indicate that they also have less influence than previously thought. |
| As the mercury rises, the urban heat penalty grows, especially at night Posted: 16 Dec 2021 05:32 AM PST City living translates to an extra two to six hours of uncomfortable weather per day in the summer for people in much of the United States. The urban-rural heat gap grows the warmer it gets. |
| ‘Gentrification’ changes the personality make-up of cities in just a few years Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:41 PM PST A massive study of almost two million US residents reveals rising housing costs may drive increases in 'openness' of character among both old and new inhabitants of a city -- all in well under a decade. |
| Study shows how HIV copies itself in the body Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:41 PM PST HIV replication in the human body requires that specific viral RNAs be packaged into progeny virus particles. A new study has found how a small difference in the RNA sequence can allow the viral RNA to be packaged for replication, creating potential targets for future HIV treatments. |
| How to transform vacancies into quantum information Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:41 PM PST Researchers have made a breakthrough that should help pave the way for greatly improved control over the formation of quantum bits or qubits, the basic unit of quantum information technology. |
| How diet influences taste sensitivity and preference Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:41 PM PST What you eat influences your taste for what you might want to eat next. So claims a University of California, Riverside, study performed on fruit flies. The study offers a better understanding of neurophysiological plasticity of the taste system in flies. |
| Mindfulness can get wandering thoughts back on track Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:40 PM PST Mindfulness -- the ability to intentionally focus attention on the present moment -- can be effective for reducing mind wandering, though results do differ depending on the research methodology. |
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