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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| Artificial intelligence successfully predicts protein interactions Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:51 PM PST Researchers used artificial intelligence (AI) and evolutionary analysis to produce 3D models of eukaryotic protein interactions. The study identified more than 100 probable protein complexes for the first time and provided structural models for more than 700 previously uncharacterized ones. Insights into the ways pairs or groups of proteins fit together to carry out cellular processes could lead to a wealth of new drug targets. |
| Research in mice shows how diet alters immune system function through a gut microbe Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST Research in mice demonstrates how diet alters a gut microbe molecule that, in turn, prompts immune cells to downregulate inflammation. The study elucidates molecular mechanism behind long-standing belief that diet, microbiota, and immunity influence one another in myriad ways. If affirmed in larger animals and humans, the findings could inform the design of small-molecule drugs that regulate immune response to treat inflammatory conditions |
| Why drug used to treat critically ill COVID-19 patients may only benefit males Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST A new study shows how dexamethasone, the main treatment for severe COVID-19 lung infections, alters how immune cells work, which may help male patients, but has little to no benefit for females. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST A study of more than 200,000 U.S adults hospitalized with COVID-19 finds that, overall, patients taking immunosuppressive drugs do not face increased risk of being put on a ventilator or death. |
| Finding the missing piece in global oil life-cycle assessment Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST New research offers a closer look at the relationship between decreasing demand for oil and a resilient, varied oil market -- and the carbon footprint associated with both. |
| New screening process could lead to next-generation therapeutics for a broad spectrum of diseases Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST Researchers have developed a high-throughput screen methodology to identify compounds affect a key G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) rhodopsin (Rh). GPCRs mediate many important physiological functions and are considered to be one of the most effective therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from diabetes to immune system disorders. |
| Invention lets people pay for purchases with a high-five Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST Imagine your car starting the moment you get in because it recognizes the jacket you're wearing. Consider the value of a hospital gown that continuously measures and transmits a patient's vital signs. These are just two applications made possible by a new 'body area network'-enabling fabric. |
| Common gene variants linked to sepsis and COVID-19 severity in African Americans Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST Two genetic risk variants that are carried by nearly 40 percent of Black individuals may exacerbate the severity of both sepsis and COVID-19, researchers have found. |
| Ever been lost in the grocery store? Researchers are closer to knowing why it happens Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:47 PM PST A new study suggests that the brain differentiates very similar environments -- such as two stores from the same supermarket chain -- as if they were even more different than two places that are nothing alike. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 12:23 PM PST Using a new model of brain activity, computational neuroscientists are exploring striking bursts of activity in the human brain that have not been examined before. These bursts may have potential to serve as biomarkers for brain disease and conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, dementia, and ADHD. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 12:23 PM PST Researchers have revealed a striking pattern following a functional screen of extracts from plants collected in Muir Woods National Monument, in coastal redwood forest land in California. They found plants with a long history of use by Native Americans as topical analgesics, were often also used as gastrointestinal aids. |
| Seismic shockwave pattern may be redirecting earthquake damage Posted: 16 Nov 2021 11:48 AM PST According to physics, seismic waves from earthquakes should travel in a four-leaf clover pattern, but in the real world they behave more like ripples in a pond. New research has found the pattern hidden among low-frequency seismic waves, the kind that can topple buildings. The study looked at small earthquakes in northern Oklahoma and could change the way scientists think about potential damage from earthquakes. |
| Coffee and tea drinking may be associated with reduced rates of stroke and dementia Posted: 16 Nov 2021 11:48 AM PST Drinking coffee or tea may be associated with a lower risk of stroke and dementia, according to a new study. Drinking coffee was also associated with a lower risk of post-stroke dementia. |
| Game theory and economics show how to steer evolution in a better direction Posted: 16 Nov 2021 11:48 AM PST Human behavior drives the evolution of biological organisms in ways that can profoundly adversely impact human welfare. Understanding people's incentives when they do so is essential to identify policies and other strategies to improve evolutionary outcomes. In a new study, researchers bring the tools of economics and game theory to evolution management. |
| Synthetic biology yields easy-to-use underwater adhesives Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:17 AM PST Researchers have used synthetic biology to bring together the best of spider silk and mussel foot protein in a biocompatible adhesive. |
| Unique fossil: Seeds sprouting from an amber-encased pine cone Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:17 AM PST New research has uncovered the first fossil evidence of a rare botanical condition known as precocious germination in which seeds sprout before leaving the fruit. |
| Making solar energy even more sustainable with light-powered technology Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:17 AM PST Scientists have identified a new process using coordination materials that can accelerate the use of low-cost, Earth-abundant materials with the potential to transform the energy sector by replacing silicone-based solar panels. |
| A better-fitting molecular ‘belt’ for making new drugs Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:17 AM PST The most common pharmaceuticals on the market are made by chaining together rings of molecules to create the drugs that treat conditions including pain, depression and leukemia. But creating those rings and forming them in a way that is tailored to each individual disease has always been a cumbersome and expensive process in medicinal chemistry. New research proposes a way to simplify that transformation. The discovery will likely make it easier to produce new drug candidates, the researchers say. |
| Toward 'off-the-shelf’ immune cell therapy for cancer Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:17 AM PST Immunotherapies, which harness the body's natural defenses to combat disease, have revolutionized the treatment of aggressive and deadly cancers. But often, these therapies -- especially those based on immune cells -- must be tailored to the individual patient, costing valuable time and pushing their price into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:17 AM PST Turbulence makes many people uneasy or downright queasy. And it's given researchers a headache, too. Mathematicians have been trying for a century or more to understand the turbulence that arises when a flow interacts with a boundary, but a formulation has proven elusive. |
| In spreading politics, videos may not be much more persuasive than their text-based counterparts Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:16 AM PST Video clips are only modestly more persuasive to audiences than the written word is, according to researchers who conducted an experiment about political misinformation. |
| Researchers develop rapid computer software to track pandemics as they happen Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:15 AM PST Researchers have created lightning-fast computer software that can help nations track and analyze pandemics, like the one caused by COVID-19, before they spread like wildfire around the globe. |
| Neuroscientists illuminate how brain cells 'navigate' in the light and dark Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:14 AM PST Researchers have discovered how individual and networks of cells in an area of the brain called the retrosplenial cortex encode this angular head motion in mice to enable navigation both during the day and at night. |
| Climate changed abruptly at tipping points in past Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:14 AM PST Climate scientists identify abrupt transitions in climate records that may have been caused by the climate system crossing a tipping point. They devised a statistical method to determine whether these transitions are simply noise or evidence of a more significant change. Their method is less error-prone than previous methods, since it doesn't rely on human determination. It also allows comparing different records consistently and can identify important events that may have been overlooked in older studies. |
| Immune cells against COVID-19 stay high in number six months after vaccination, study shows Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:14 AM PST A recent study provides evidence that CD4+ T lymphocytes -- immune system cells also known as helper T cells -- produced by people who received either of the two available messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines for COVID-19 persist six months after vaccination at only slightly reduced levels from two weeks after vaccination and are at significantly higher levels than for those who are unvaccinated. |
| Older-looking brains linked to lower birth weight and genes Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST In brain scans of almost 1500 people throughout Europe, researchers found that people with 'older-looking' brains had both lower birth weight and genes for smaller brains, compared with those with normal aging brains. Both these factors are present early in life, indicating that your 'brain age' is mostly related to early life influences and not so much on events that happen later in life. |
| Researchers create novel molecules that serve as ziplines for energy Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Researchers have moved packets of energy along a molecular ladder made of hundreds of benzene rings. Such polymers can potentially be used to design new displays based on organic light-emitting diodes, or for solar cells. |
| Swapping spit helps ants share metabolic labor Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Ant colonies use fluids passed mouth-to-mouth to create a colony-wide metabolism, shows a new study. |
| Precise blood pressure control may aid patient recovery from spinal injury Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST High or low blood pressure in patients during surgery to repair a spinal cord injury may contribute to poorer outcomes, suggests a study published in eLife. |
| Air pollution decrease in India during COVID-19 lockdown not as high as originally thought Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Observational data shows air pollution in India decreased drastically in the first COVID-19 lockdown when emissions from vehicles naturally declined, but researchers say those numbers only tell part of the story -- blue skies and an absence of visible smog can be deceiving and hide pollutants that could potentially cause health issues. |
| The prostate cancer cell that got away Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Researchers have pioneered a new method to track the progression of prostate cancer in mice, from its birth to its spread into other tissues. This approach allows researchers to study the origins of prostate cancer in a more realistic context than traditional methods allow. |
| Microtissue system allows study of deadly lung disease Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Amid the COVID-19 pandemic and rising air pollution levels, incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is anticipated to rise, urgently increasing the need for strong model systems. Researchers describe a 3D cell culturing platform that allows study of lung fibroblasts and their microenvironment. The platform enables measurement of cell behaviors and microenvironment changes involved in the disease progression of IPF, and the platform's size and simplicity make it suitable for use in high-throughput drug screening protocols. |
| Electronic nose on a drone sniffs out wastewater treatment plant stink Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Researchers have engineered a portable electronic nose (e-nose) that's almost as sharp as a human nose at sniffing out the stink of wastewater treatment plants. Coupled with a drone, the lightweight e-nose can measure the concentration of different smells, predict odor intensity, and produce a real-time odor map of the plant for management. |
| Alluring larvae: Competition to attract fish drives species diversity among freshwater mussels Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST North America's freshwater mussels are both impressively diverse and highly imperiled. Nearly 300 species occur in the United States and Canada, and up to 40 species of the hard-shelled bottom dwellers can be found on a single stretch of a clean, swiftly flowing river. |
| A nanoantenna for long-distance, ultra-secure communication Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Researchers have used a nanoantenna to focus light onto a single semiconductor nanobox. This approach will enhance the utility of quantum repeater technology currently under development for advanced communication and data storage. Such technology is essential to overcoming the limitations of classical computer information for securely sharing information over long distances. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Researchers have modeled that pollutant emissions from the shipping sector increased significantly in major international seaports during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| A new approach to identify mammals good at learning sounds Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Why are some animals good at learning sounds? Did this skill appear when animals started 'faking' their body size by lowering calls? In a new study on a wide range of mammals,researchers revisit this question. Surprisingly, many animals who are skilled vocalists (such as dolphins and seals) actually sound higher than would be expected for their body size. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Scientists are turning to genomics to better understand the epidemiology of malaria and to inform control and elimination interventions and strategies. In the Lake Victoria region of Kenya, malaria burden remains very high despite more than a decade of intense control activities. A team of researchers generated whole Plasmodium falciparum genome sequences from the lake region. Their analyses revealed that malaria parasites from this region appear distinct from other parasites from East Africa, while frequencies of known drug resistance markers were similar to those in other East African parasite populations. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Since 2015, researchers have been tracking emissions from oil and gas wells and report that, over that time, emissions from the region have fallen by half. But more analysis of leak rates shows that the oil and gas industry has a ways to go in stopping methane leaks, which impact the climate and human health and can impose costs on Utah's economy. |
| Solar energy with an' ironclad future' Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Solar energy plays an important role in the fight against climate change as a substitute for fossil fuels. Dye-sensitized solar cells promise to be a low-cost supplement to the photovoltaic systems we know today. Their key feature is the dye sensitizers attached to their surface. Researchers continue to improve the performance with sensitizers using iron -- a commonly available and environmentally friendly metal. |
| Astronomers team up to create new method to understand galaxy evolution Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST A husband-and-wife team of astronomers joined forces for the first time in their scientific careers during the pandemic to develop a new method to look back in time and change the way we understand the history of galaxies. |
| Big data privacy for machine learning just got 100 times cheaper Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Computer scientists have discovered an inexpensive way for tech companies to implement a rigorous form of personal data privacy when using or sharing large databases for machine learning. |
| Diet trumps drugs for anti-aging and good metabolic health Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST A study comparing the impact of diet versus drugs on the inner workings of our cells has found nutrition has a much stronger impact. |
| Fraternizing vampire bats share 'social microbiomes' Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST In an unusual study, researchers found that bats that interacted closely with one another shared much more than body heat. |
| New gene identified that contributes to progression to type 1 diabetes Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:29 AM PST When the pro-inflammatory pair, a receptor called CCR2 and its ligand CCL-2, get together, it increases the risk of developing type 1 diabetes, scientists report. |
| Medical training takes a mental toll, but less than a decade ago Posted: 15 Nov 2021 06:29 PM PST A 13-year effort to track the mental health of new doctors in their most stressful time of training shows signs that things have gotten better. But those first-year residents, also called interns, still have a sizable risk of developing depression. And many who do still don't seek help. |
| Scientists identify second HIV patient whose body appears to have rid itself of the virus Posted: 15 Nov 2021 06:29 PM PST In 2020, an untreated HIV patient was identified with no intact copies of HIV genomes in more than 1.5 billion blood cells analyzed, suggesting the virus had been cleared from the patient's body. Researchers now report a second untreated person living with HIV who had no evidence of intact HIV genomes in more than 1.5 billion blood and tissue cells analyzed. |
| Can we tell someone’s cultural group from the way they laugh? Posted: 15 Nov 2021 01:54 PM PST Can we infer someone's cultural group from their laugher, even when we do not know what they are laughing at? And what kind of laughter do we find most positive? A new study shows that our laughter gives us away. The study included Dutch and Japanese producers of laughter and listeners. Listeners could detect whether a laughing person is from their own or another cultural group by only hearing a brief laughter segment. Spontaneous laughter was rated as most positive by both groups. |
| High impact climate events: Better adaptation through earlier prediction Posted: 15 Nov 2021 12:10 PM PST The prediction of high impact climate phenomena can be substantially improved by a new mathematical approach that analyses the connectivity and patterns between geographical locations, scientists say in a new publication. This can potentially save thousands of lives and avoid billions in economic losses. Prediction times for events like El Niño, monsoons, droughts or extreme rainfall could be increased substantially, to a month or in some cases even a year in advance, depending on the type of the event. The new framework can thus become key for improving adaptation to the global warming crisis. |
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