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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| New study proposes expansion of the universe directly impacts black hole growth Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:04 PM PDT The study is the first to show that both large and small black hole masses can result from a single pathway, wherein the black holes gain mass from the expansion of the universe itself. |
| Why sugary drink taxes aren’t effective -- and how to change that Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:04 PM PDT Several U.S. cities have instituted taxes on drinks with added sugar in order to reduce consumption, but new research suggests these policies currently have one fatal flaw. The study found that sugary drink taxes only reduce purchasing if price tags at stores mention that consumers are paying that tax when they buy the drink. |
| Impaired wild mice survive and thrive as well as unimpaired counterparts Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:04 PM PDT A new study assessed 26 years of monitoring data on wild populations of white-footed mice -- representing more than 27,244 animals -- and found that mice with missing or deformed limbs, tails, or eyes persisted at a rate similar to their unimpaired counterparts. |
| On ancient Earth, it never rained but it poured Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:04 PM PDT In a new study, researchers found that during epochs of extreme heat -- 20 to 30 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than today -- Earth may have experienced cycles of dryness followed by massive rain storms hundreds of miles wide that could dump more than a foot of rain in a matter of hours. The research not only sheds light on Earth's distant past and far-flung future but may also help to understand the climates of exoplanets orbiting distant stars. |
| One and done: Researchers urge testing eyewitness memory only once Posted: 03 Nov 2021 03:12 PM PDT Psychological scientists and criminologists say our system of jurisprudence needs a simple no-cost reform -- switch to testing eyewitnesses for their memory of suspects only once. |
| It takes cellular teamwork to heal the intestine Posted: 03 Nov 2021 03:12 PM PDT A meticulous single-cell analytical approach to study the repair process of rotavirus-caused injury in an animal model revealed that the damaged epithelium contains a variety of cell types involved in repairing it through broad coordinated responses that ultimately heal the damaged tissue. |
| History of insect invasions offer insight into the future Posted: 03 Nov 2021 12:51 PM PDT Results from a recently published study suggest that efforts to reduce biological hitchhiking on live plant imports, often referred to as 'biosecurity,' are working. However, more than a century of invasion by Hemiptera insects also suggests that increased trade might offset the effects of improved biosecurity. As many as 25 percent of invading Hemiptera insects may have yet to be detected in the nation's forests and agricultural fields. |
| Closer look at unexamined interactions could improve drug purification process Posted: 03 Nov 2021 12:51 PM PDT Research explores the fundamentals of how different molecules interact with various surfaces during the purification process. |
| A new dimension in magnetism and superconductivity launched Posted: 03 Nov 2021 12:08 PM PDT An international team of scientists has launched a new paradigm in magnetism and superconductivity, putting effects of curvature, topology, and 3D geometry into the spotlight of next-decade research. |
| Mapping annual wildfire probabilities across California Posted: 03 Nov 2021 12:08 PM PDT Researchers have uncovered new insights into the dynamics that underlie the probabilities of wildfire across the state of California. |
| Study links gene to cognitive resilience in the elderly Posted: 03 Nov 2021 12:08 PM PDT Researchers have discovered that environmental enrichment appears to activate a protein called MEF2, which controls a genetic program in the brain that promotes resilience to cognitive decline. |
| Posted: 03 Nov 2021 12:08 PM PDT For the past seven years, an autonomous robotic rover, Benthic Rover II, has been continuously operational 225 kilometers off the coast of central California and 4,000 meters below the ocean's surface. This innovative mobile laboratory has further revealed the role of the deep sea in cycling carbon. The data collected by this rover are fundamental to understanding the impacts of climate change on the ocean. |
| Combining two ‘old therapies’ packs a powerful punch against pediatric brain tumors Posted: 03 Nov 2021 12:03 PM PDT Copper has been clinically improving the lives of people since about 1500 BCE, when an Egyptian physician first recorded its use as a treatment for inflammation. Some 35 centuries later, researchers have provided solid evidence that the first metal used medicinally may now have a new role -- helping save children from a devastating central nervous system cancer known as medulloblastoma. |
| 1,000 years of glacial ice reveal 'prosperity and peril' in Europe Posted: 03 Nov 2021 11:01 AM PDT Europe's past prosperity and failure, driven by climate changes, has been revealed using thousand-year-old pollen, spores and charcoal particles fossilized in glacial ice. This first analysis of microfossils preserved in European glaciers unveils earlier-than-expected evidence of air pollution and the roots of modern invasive species problems. |
| Can eating alone be bad for your heart? Posted: 03 Nov 2021 11:01 AM PDT As women age, their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) exceeds men's largely because of decreased levels of estrogen that regulate vascular function. As a result, much research is focused on various risk factors. A new study suggests that eating alone may contribute to an increased risk of heart disease in older women. |
| Machine learning model uses clinical and genomic data to predict immunotherapy effectiveness Posted: 03 Nov 2021 11:01 AM PDT A new machine learning model accurately predicts whether immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), a growing class of immunotherapy drugs, will be effective in patients diagnosed with a wide variety of cancers. The forecasting tool assesses multiple patient-specific biological and clinical factors to predict the degree of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and survival outcomes. It markedly outperforms individual biomarkers or other combinations of variables developed so far, according to new findings. |
| Color-changing indicator predicts algal blooms Posted: 03 Nov 2021 11:01 AM PDT Murky green algal blooms are more than a major eyesore; they reveal that a body of water could be unsafe for swimming or drinking. Currently, however, there isn't an effective warning system for impending blooms. Now, researchers report an indicator that changes color when exposed to rising levels of alkaline phosphatase -- an enzyme that forecasts phytoplankton's exponential growth. This change can be detected by the naked eye or a smartphone. |
| Bilingualism comes naturally to our brains Posted: 03 Nov 2021 11:01 AM PDT The brain uses a shared mechanism for combining words from a single language and for combining words from two different languages, a team of neuroscientists has discovered. Its findings indicate that language switching is natural for those who are bilingual because the brain has a mechanism that does not detect that the language has switched, allowing for a seamless transition in comprehending more than one language at once. |
| A natural CO2-sink thanks to symbiotic bacteria Posted: 03 Nov 2021 11:01 AM PDT Seagrasses cover large swathes of shallow coastal seas, where they provide a vital habitat. They also remove large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and store it in the ecosystem. However, seagrasses need nutrients to thrive, particularly nitrogen. Up to now, researchers have assumed that the plants take up the nitrogen primarily from the surrounding seawater and sediment. However, in many of the regions where seagrasses are most successful there is little nitrogen to be found. Researchers now show that seagrass in the Mediterranean Sea lives in symbiosis with bacteria that reside in their roots and provide the nitrogen necessary for growth. Such symbioses were previously only known from land plants. |
| Whales are more important ecosystems engineers than previously thought Posted: 03 Nov 2021 11:01 AM PDT Research on whale feeding highlights how the precipitous decline of large marine mammals has negatively impacted the health and productivity of ocean ecosystems. |
| Securing data transfers with relativity Posted: 03 Nov 2021 11:01 AM PDT The volume of data transferred is constantly increasing, but the absolute security of these exchanges cannot be guaranteed, as shown by cases of hacking frequently reported in the news. To counter hacking, a team has developed a new system based on the concept of 'zero-knowledge proofs', the security of which is based on the physical principle of relativity: information cannot travel faster than the speed of light. Thus, one of the fundamental principles of modern physics allows for secure data transfer. This system allows users to identify themselves in complete confidentiality without disclosing any personal information, promising applications in the field of cryptocurrencies and blockchain. |
| Posted: 03 Nov 2021 11:01 AM PDT A new analytical technique is able to provide hitherto unattainable insights into the extremely rapid dynamics of biomolecules. The team of developers is presenting its clever combination of quantum physics and molecular biology. The scientists used the technique to track the way in which the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) undergoes changes in its structure in less than a trillionth of a second after being excited by light. |
| Protein in the brain uses energy status to influence maturation, body size Posted: 03 Nov 2021 11:00 AM PDT Scientists have identified how a protein in the brain uses information about the body's energy balance to regulate growth rate and the onset of puberty in children. |
| Researchers identify molecule that blocks immune cells from entering and killing breast tumors Posted: 03 Nov 2021 11:00 AM PDT Researchers have identified a key molecule in certain kinds of breast cancers that prevent immune cells from entering tumors and killing the cancer cells inside. This research could pave the way toward a new treatment for certain kinds of aggressive breast cancer. |
| Turning plastic grocery bags into sustainable fuel Posted: 03 Nov 2021 10:59 AM PDT Researchers report using catalytic pyrolysis to turn plastic wastes into a valuable fuel source. They focused on recycling plastic and upgrading plastic into other products or converting it to a vapor with heat, which met a catalyst and turned into the desired fuel-like product. This pyrolytic process transforms primary organic waste into a sustainable fuel or other valuable chemical. |
| Researchers develop a new class of CAR-T cells that target previously untargetable cancer drivers Posted: 03 Nov 2021 10:58 AM PDT In a breakthrough for the treatment of aggressive solid cancers, researchers have developed a novel cancer therapy that targets proteins inside cancer cells that are essential for tumor growth and survival but have been historically impossible to reach. Using the power of large data sets and advanced computational approaches, the researchers were able to identify peptides that are presented on the surface of tumor cells and can be targeted with 'peptide-centric' chimeric antigen receptors (PC-CARs), a new class of engineered T cells, stimulating an immune response that eradicates tumors. |
| Collection of gait analysis data of healthy individuals Posted: 03 Nov 2021 08:54 AM PDT Gait disorders manifest themselves in various ways. In many cases, pathological gait patterns are actually accompanying effects or can even be symptomatic of an underlying disease. For this reason, biomechanical gait analysis can be a helpful tool when it comes to diagnosing problems and subsequently treating them. A sports scientist has now presented the Gutenberg Gait Database, a large publicly accessible database providing a reference set of data to be used for the diagnosis and treatment of gait disorders. |
| Brain reveals the risk for developing obesity Posted: 03 Nov 2021 08:54 AM PDT Obesity risk factors of family background are associated with changes in the brain function, finds a new study. The results show that the function of neural networks regulating satiety and appetite is altered already before a person develops obesity. |
| Spiny mice regenerate damaged kidneys without scarring Posted: 03 Nov 2021 08:54 AM PDT Spiny mice are known for their ability to heal severe skin wounds without so much as a scar. Now, researchers have discovered that they also can regenerate severely damaged internal organs that, in other mice, would lead to fatal organ failure. The findings in spiny mice are the first to show kidney regeneration in an adult mammal. |
| Novel drug liberates tumor vessels to aid cancer drug delivery Posted: 03 Nov 2021 08:54 AM PDT A therapeutic antibody has been shown to unblock and normalize blood vessels inside cancerous tumors, enabling the more effective delivery of targeted cancer treatments. |
| Let’s talk about the 1,800-plus 'young' volcanoes in the US Southwest Posted: 03 Nov 2021 08:54 AM PDT They're born. They live once, erupting for a period that might last for days, years or decades. Then, they go dark and die. This narrative describes the life of a monogenetic volcano, a type of volcanic hazard that can pose important dangers despite an ephemeral existence. The landscape of the southwestern U.S. is heavily scarred by past eruptions of such volcanoes, and a new study marks a step toward understanding future risks for the region. |
| When building rapport, sometimes less is more Posted: 03 Nov 2021 08:54 AM PDT Sometimes less is more, at least when it comes to building rapport during interviews. That's according to new research which reveals that verbal interviewing techniques have a greater impact than nonverbal techniques -- and combining the two had a detrimental effect. |
| Gravitational ‘kick’ may explain the strange shape at the center of Andromeda Posted: 03 Nov 2021 08:54 AM PDT A new study dives into the explosive physics of what happens when two supermassive black holes collide. |
| Our brains may think two steps ahead when trying to sway others Posted: 03 Nov 2021 08:54 AM PDT In an effort to understand how a sense of control over others may influence the brain's decision-making processes, researchers have tested the ability of healthy human subjects to play a bargaining game. For the first time, they found that people used "forward thinking" when trying to sway others. Forward thinking happened regardless of whether the subjects could actually influence others and appeared to be driven by neural activity in a well-known decision-making center of the brain. |
| Quantifying spin for future spintronics Posted: 03 Nov 2021 08:54 AM PDT An international collaboration quantifies spin in a 2D quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI), a promising option for future low-energy nano-electronic and spintronic devices. The team used anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) to reveal the relationship between the electrons' spin and momentum when the current is spin-polarized, demonstrating the promising potential of QSHI for novel spintronic devices, and proving the value of AMR for design and development of QSHI-based spintronic devices. |
| Electric soot collector shows promise in mitigating emissions from residential biomass combustion Posted: 03 Nov 2021 08:54 AM PDT A new study introduces a novel method to reduce particulate emissions from residential biomass combustion: the high-temperature electric soot collector, HiTESC. In HiTESC, an electrically insulated high-voltage electrode is installed in a combustion chamber, which generates an electric field. |
| Worldwide distribution, drivers and trends of sudden droughts Posted: 03 Nov 2021 07:50 AM PDT You may know the risks associated with flash floods, but what about flash droughts? Flash droughts are described as rapidly developing, unexpected periods of drought that can cause severe impacts to agricultural and ecological systems and cause ripple effects that extend even further. |
| Thin-film, high-frequency antenna array offers new flexibility for wireless communications Posted: 03 Nov 2021 07:50 AM PDT Researchers have taken a step toward developing a type of antenna array that could coat an airplane's wings, function as a skin patch transmitting signals to medical implants, or cover a room as wallpaper that communicates with internet of things (IoT) devices. |
| New software predicts the movements of large land animals Posted: 03 Nov 2021 07:50 AM PDT New software helps determine the movements of large wild animals thereby minimizing conflicts with people. The software is simpler than measurements obtained using radio transmitters and can be used where conventional methods fail. |
| Posted: 03 Nov 2021 07:50 AM PDT Government action is needed so driverless vehicles can be insured against malicious hacks which could have potentially catastrophic consequences, a study says. |
| ALMA scientists detect signs of water in a galaxy far, far away Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:44 AM PDT Water has been detected in the most massive galaxy in the early Universe. Scientists studying SPT0311-58 found H20, along with carbon monoxide in the galaxy, which is located nearly 12.88 billion light years from Earth. Detection of these two molecules in abundance suggests that the molecular Universe was going strong shortly after the elements were forged in early stars. The new research comprises the most detailed study of molecular gas content of a galaxy in the early Universe to date and the most distant detection of H20 in a regular star-forming galaxy. |
| Insomnia may be a risk factor for highly fatal brain aneurysm rupture Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:26 AM PDT Researchers identified insomnia as a potential risk factor for brain aneurysm, also called an intracranial aneurysm, and a type of stroke called an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Smoking and high blood pressure, which are identified stroke risk factors, were also associated with increased risk for brain aneurysm. According to researchers, the finding that insomnia may be a potential risk factor for intracranial aneurysm is new and calls for additional research. |
| Using microbes to make carbon-neutral fuel Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:26 AM PDT A team of biologists and engineers modified a microbe so that it can produce a biofuel using only three renewable and naturally abundant source ingredients: carbon dioxide, solar panel-generated electricity and light. The resulting biofuel, n-butanol, is an authentically carbon-neutral fuel alternative that can be used in blends with diesel or gasoline. |
| Harnessing Thor’s Hammer: How forensic science is unlocking the mysteries of fatal lightning strikes Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:26 AM PDT New research could help forensic teams understand whether people or animals were the victims of fatal lightning strikes, based solely upon an analysis of their skeletons. |
| Test determines antibiotic resistance in less than 90 minutes Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:26 AM PDT A technique that measures the metabolic activity of bacteria with an electric probe can identify antibiotic resistance in less than 90 minutes, a dramatic improvement from the one to two days required by current techniques. |
| Hungry caterpillars an underappreciated driver of carbon emissions Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:26 AM PDT A study has found that periodic mass outbreaks of leaf-munching caterpillars can improve the water quality of nearby lakes - but may also increase the lakes' carbon dioxide emissions. |
| Lithium imaging method could shine new light on bipolar disorder, treatment Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:26 AM PDT Since 1949, lithium has been a mainstay for treating bipolar disorder (BD), a mental health condition marked by extreme mood swings. But scientists still don't have a clear understanding of how the drug works, or why some patients respond better than others. Now, researchers have developed a method for imaging lithium in living cells, allowing them to discover that neurons from BD patients accumulate higher levels of lithium than healthy controls. |
| Three ways to reduce the carbon footprint of food purchased by US households Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:26 AM PDT Most consumers want to make food purchases that are smart for their wallets, their health and the environment. And while switching to a vegetarian or vegan diet can lower one's impact on greenhouse gas emissions, it may not be realistic or healthful for everyone. Now, researchers report three ways that Americans can reduce the carbon footprint of their food purchases, without requiring drastic dietary changes. |
| Inflammatory cytokine levels may predict outcomes in orthopedic trauma patients Posted: 03 Nov 2021 05:25 AM PDT Inflammatory cytokines are molecules that are secreted by immune cells to promote inflammation. A study found that measuring inflammatory cytokines may help predict patient outcomes after traumatic injury, which is the leading cause of mortality in individuals under 50 years of age. |
| Lung capacity tests found to be accurate precursor of co-morbidities Posted: 02 Nov 2021 06:01 PM PDT One of the largest studies to investigate whether Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm), an understudied low lung function state, is an early predictor of co-morbidities has found it is strongly associated with an increased risk of death. The analysis evaluated results of lung spirometry tests in over 350,000 UK adults and followed them up over 12 years. |
| Tidal stream power can aid drive for net-zero and generate 11% of UK’s electricity demand Posted: 02 Nov 2021 06:01 PM PDT A day before world leaders meet at COP26 to discuss the importance of clean energy, scientists from across the UK say that harnessing the power of the ocean's tidal streams can provide a predictable and reliable means of helping to meet the country's future energy demand. |
| Prostate cancer urine test identifies good prognosis patients Posted: 02 Nov 2021 06:01 PM PDT Researchers have shown that a prostate cancer urine test can identify men at 'intermediate risk' who can safely avoid immediate treatment and benefit from 'active surveillance' instead. Previously, the team's Prostate Urine Risk (PUR) test could identify men with high and low risk cancers. But thanks to some fine-tuning, it can now help men with intermediate-risk disease - for whom treatment options had been less clear. |
| Deep brain stimulation surgery for treatment-resistant depression: Brain rhythm changes fast Posted: 02 Nov 2021 06:01 PM PDT Findings provide a putative physiological biomarker of brain state changes that can predict early antidepressant effects. |
| Forest fires linked to low birth weight in newborns Posted: 02 Nov 2021 11:07 AM PDT Women exposed to smoke from landscape fires during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to babies with low or very low birth weights, according to new findings. |
| Social motivation in voles differs by species and sex Posted: 02 Nov 2021 11:07 AM PDT Being with friends and family may be a positive experience for some voles but it is merely tolerable to others, suggests a new study. |
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