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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| Scientists identify live immune cells in a coral and sea anemone Posted: 17 Aug 2021 04:30 PM PDT A new study has identified specialized immune cells in the cauliflower coral and starlet sea anemone that can help fight infection. The findings are important to better understand how reef-building corals and other reef animals protect themselves from foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses found in and around coral reefs. |
| New method developed to solve plastics sustainability problem Posted: 17 Aug 2021 04:30 PM PDT A research group is developing polymers that can be broken down into their constituent parts; thus, when the catalyst for depolymerization is absent or removed, the polymers will be highly stable and their thermal and mechanical properties can be tuned to meet the needs of various applications. |
| As cities grow in size, the poor 'get nothing at all' Posted: 17 Aug 2021 04:30 PM PDT On average, people in larger cities are better off economically. But a new study builds on previous research that says, that's not necessarily true for the individual city-dweller. It turns out, bigger cities also produce more income inequality. |
| Light can trigger key signaling pathway for embryonic development, cancer Posted: 17 Aug 2021 04:30 PM PDT Blue light is illuminating new understanding of a key signaling pathway in embryo development, tissue maintenance and cancer genesis. Researchers have developed an approach using blue light to activate the Wnt signaling pathway in frog embryos. The pathway plays a wide variety of roles in animal and human development, and the ability to regulate it with light will allow researchers to better study its assorted functions, the team says. |
| COVID-19 pandemic linked to an increase in intimate partner aggression, study shows Posted: 17 Aug 2021 04:30 PM PDT Rates of physical and psychological aggression among couples increased significantly after the implementation of shelter-in-place restrictions at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a new study. The findings indicate that stress related to the pandemic was strongly associated with perpetration of intimate partner aggression, even among individuals considered at low risk. |
| Use your team’s emotions to boost creativity Posted: 17 Aug 2021 04:30 PM PDT If you're putting together a team for a project, you might be inclined to pick people with cheerful, optimistic dispositions and flexible thinking. But a new management study indicates your team might also benefit from people who are exactly the opposite. |
| Posted: 17 Aug 2021 04:30 PM PDT A new study finds that mothers who have diabetes before or during their pregnancy are more likely to have children who go on to develop eye problems. |
| Free electron laser insight: laser-beam interaction in a dipole magnet Posted: 17 Aug 2021 12:26 PM PDT Researchers contributed to a deeper understanding of free electron laser physics by evaluating the interaction between an ultraviolet laser and a relativistic electron beam in a pure dipole magnet. The team used a 266-nm laser at the soft x-ray FEL test facility to modulate an 800-MeV electron beam....The results showed that a short dipole magnet can serve as an effective tool for introducing energy modulation of relativistic electron beams, effectively tailoring FEL pulse properties by introducing precise bends in the pathway. |
| Posted: 17 Aug 2021 12:25 PM PDT The extent of vaccine nationalism, wherein countries stockpile vaccines to prioritize access for their citizenry over equitable vaccine sharing, may strongly impact global trajectories of COVID-19 case numbers and increase the potential emergence of novel variants, according to a new study. |
| Dieting: Villain or scapegoat? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT For decades, there has been an accepted definition of dieting in academia, and in society as a whole. Researchers recently reevaluated the decades of dieting research to redefine the way researchers and the public define -- and therefore understand - dieting and the culture of weight loss. |
| Bioprocess for converting plant materials into valuable chemicals Posted: 17 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT Scientists have developed a bioprocess using engineered yeast that completely and efficiently converted plant matter consisting of acetate and xylose into high-value bioproducts. |
| Invasive plants are still for sale as garden ornamentals, research shows Posted: 17 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT Ecologists show that 1,330 nurseries, garden centers and online retailers are still offering hundreds of invasive plant species as ornamental garden plants. This includes 20 species that are illegal to grow or sell nationwide. |
| New simulation shows how galaxies feed their supermassive black holes Posted: 17 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT While other simulations have modeled black hole growth, new model is the first single computer simulation powerful enough to comprehensively account for the numerous forces and factors that play into the evolution of supermassive black holes. Simulation shows that galaxies' spiral arms 'put the brakes on gas,' enabling it to fall into the black hole and as gas heats up while falling into a black hole, it turns into a bright quasar. |
| Antibodies elicited by COVID-19 vaccination effective against delta variant Posted: 17 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT Researchers have found that the delta variant of the virus that causes COVID-19 is largely unable to evade antibodies elicited by vaccination. The findings help explain why vaccinated people have been at low risk of getting seriously ill with COVID-19 despite a surge in cases caused by the delta variant. |
| Fast changes between the solar seasons resolved by new sun clock Posted: 17 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT Violent activity on our Sun leads to some of the most extreme space weather events on Earth, impacting systems such as satellites, communications systems, power distribution and aviation. The roughly 11 year cycle of solar activity has three 'seasons', each of which affects the space weather felt at Earth differently: (i) solar maximum, the sun is active and disordered, when space weather is stormy and events are irregular (ii) the declining phase, when the sun and solar wind becomes ordered, and space weather is more moderate and (iii) solar minimum, when activity is quiet. Scientists found that the change from solar maximum to the declining phase is fast, happening within a few (27 day) solar rotations. |
| Engineers grow 3D bioprinted blood vessel Posted: 17 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT Scientists have designed a 3D-bioprinted model of a blood vessel that mimics its state of health and disease, thus paving the way for possible cardiovascular drug advancements with better precision. |
| How microbes can exacerbate cognitive decline Posted: 17 Aug 2021 10:13 AM PDT Recent research has found that changes in the gut microbiota -- the trillions of bacteria and other microbes that live in the intestines -- can alter the brain and behavior. A new study could elucidate how and why that phenomenon occurs. |
| Contact tracing is key to suppressing COVID-19, research shows Posted: 17 Aug 2021 10:13 AM PDT New research suggests that officials should prioritize contact tracing and quarantine. |
| Genome-editing strategy developed for potential Alzheimer’s disease therapy Posted: 17 Aug 2021 09:15 AM PDT Scientists have developed a novel strategy using brain-wide genome-editing technology that can reduce Alzheimer's disease(AD) pathologies in genetically modified AD mouse models. This advanced technology offers immense potential to be translated as a novel long-acting therapeutic treatment for AD patients. |
| Pregnant women do well with COVID vaccine, survey finds Posted: 17 Aug 2021 08:30 AM PDT A survey of more than 17,000 pregnant and lactating women who received the COVID-19 vaccine showed that they did not experience symptoms any more severe than their non-pregnant counterparts. |
| Benefits of time-restricted eating depend on age and sex Posted: 17 Aug 2021 08:14 AM PDT Time-restricted eating (TRE), a dietary regimen that restricts eating to specific hours, has garnered increased attention in weight-loss circles. A new study further shows that TRE confers multiple health benefits besides weight loss. The study also shows that these benefits may depend on sex and age. |
| Building bonds between males leads to more offspring for chimpanzees Posted: 17 Aug 2021 08:14 AM PDT If you're a male chimp looking for love -- or offspring -- it pays to make friends with other males. A study examined why male chimpanzees form close relationships with each other, and found that male chimpanzees that build strong bonds with the alpha male of the group, or with a large network of other males, are more successful at siring offspring. |
| Unique insight into the interior of the Arabidopsis photosynthesis machine Posted: 17 Aug 2021 08:14 AM PDT Researchers have, with the help of cryogenic electron microscopy, succeeded in producing a high-resolution image of photosystem II - the central complex of photosynthesis - of the model plant Arabidopsis. The enormous complex is responsible for the vital oxygen production in photosynthesis that once made life possible on our planet. |
| Gender revolutions in who holds the purse strings Posted: 17 Aug 2021 08:14 AM PDT New research has uncovered considerable class differences in the gender revolution of who holds the purse strings among British couples. Low-earning and high-earning women are taking more control of the finances in their relationships, but in different ways, says the research. |
| Cracking a mystery of massive black holes and quasars with supercomputer simulations Posted: 17 Aug 2021 08:14 AM PDT Researchers address some of the questions surrounding these massive and enigmatic features of the universe by using new, high-powered simulations. |
| Histamine could be a key player in depression, according to study in mice Posted: 17 Aug 2021 08:14 AM PDT Bodily inflammation dampens levels of a 'feel-good molecule' and antidepressants' ability to boost them, according to new research in mice. |
| On the road to faster and more efficient data storage Posted: 17 Aug 2021 08:14 AM PDT A research team has discovered magnetic phenomena in antiferromagnets that could pave the way to developing faster and more efficient data storage. |
| Brain organoids develop optic cups that respond to light Posted: 17 Aug 2021 08:13 AM PDT Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be used to generate brain organoids containing an eye structure called the optic cup, according to a new study. The organoids spontaneously developed bilaterally symmetric optic cups from the front of the brain-like region, demonstrating the intrinsic self-patterning ability of iPSCs in a highly complex biological process. |
| Hamster study evaluates airborne and fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Posted: 17 Aug 2021 07:43 AM PDT Scientists studying SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, have defined in Syrian hamsters how different routes of virus exposure are linked to disease severity. Their study details the efficiency of airborne transmission between hamsters and examines how the virus replicates and causes disease throughout the respiratory system. |
| Posted: 17 Aug 2021 06:41 AM PDT Study shows how the interplay of positive, neutral and negative evolutionary selection acting on mutations in aging blood stem cells can lead to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in some individuals with age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH). |
| Vitamin D may protect against young-onset colorectal cancer Posted: 17 Aug 2021 06:41 AM PDT Consuming higher amounts of Vitamin D -- mainly from dietary sources -- may help protect against developing young-onset colorectal cancer or precancerous colon polyps, according to a new study. |
| New research provides clues to developing better intranasal vaccines for COVID-19 and flu Posted: 17 Aug 2021 05:46 AM PDT While gut microbiota play a critical role in the induction of adaptive immune responses to influenza virus infection, the role of nasal bacteria in the induction of virus-specific adaptive immunity is less clear. New research explores the role of nasal bacteria and provides clues to developing better intranasal vaccines for flu and COVID-19. |
| Mutated enzyme weakens connection between brain cells that help control movement Posted: 17 Aug 2021 05:46 AM PDT In one type of a rare, inherited genetic disorder that affects control of body movement, scientists have found a mutation in an enzyme impairs communication between neurons and what should be the inherent ability to pick up our pace when we need to run, instead of walk, across the street. |
| Nanocluster discovery will protect precious metals Posted: 17 Aug 2021 05:46 AM PDT Scientists have created a new type of catalyst that will lead to new, sustainable ways of making and using molecules and protect the supply of precious metals. |
| Researchers confirm speed, simplicity and sensitivity for new COVID-19 test Posted: 16 Aug 2021 04:13 PM PDT Researchers have published a three way comparison study to confirm that the Reverse Transcriptase Free Exponential Amplification Reaction (RTF-EXPAR) method is just as sensitive, but faster, than both PCR and LAMP tests. The study revealed that the RTF-EXPAR method converts under 10 strands of RNA into billions of copies of DNA in under 10 minutes, using a one-pot assay that is compatible with more basic, benchtop equipment than that used with current testing methods. |
| Small protein protects pancreatic cells in model of type 1 diabetes Posted: 16 Aug 2021 03:49 PM PDT A new study has shown that treating type 1 diabetes-prone mice with the small protein MOTS-c prevented the immune system from destroying insulin-producing pancreatic cells, effectively preventing the onset of the autoimmune disease. The small protein that first made headlines as an 'exercise mimetic' increasingly appears to also have a big role in regulating the immune system. |
| Blind people can’t see color but understand it the same way as sighted people Posted: 16 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT People born blind have never seen that bananas are yellow but researchers find that like any sighted person, they understand two bananas are likely to be the same color and why. Questioning the belief that dates back to philosopher John Locke that people born blind could never truly understand color, the team of cognitive neuroscientists demonstrated that congenitally blind and sighted individuals actually understand it quite similarly. |
| Herbicide resistance no longer a black box for scientists Posted: 16 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT New research pinpoints genomic regions associated with metabolic or non-target-site herbicide resistance in waterhemp, a problematic agricultural weed. Non-target-site resistance has long been considered a black box, but the complete waterhemp genome allows for a more precise understanding of the detoxifying mechanism's genetic architecture. |
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