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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| mRNA vaccines slash risk of COVID-19 infection by 91 percent in fully vaccinated people, study finds Posted: 06 Jul 2021 03:09 PM PDT People who receive mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are up to 91 percent less likely to develop the disease than those who are unvaccinated, according to a new nationwide study. For those few vaccinated people who do still get an infection, or 'breakthrough' cases, the study suggests that vaccines reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and shorten its duration. |
| Methane in plumes of Saturn's moon Enceladus: Possible signs of life? Posted: 06 Jul 2021 03:09 PM PDT A study concludes that known geochemical processes can't explain the levels of methane measured by the Cassini spacecraft on Saturn's icy moon. While the paper by no means suggests that life exists on Enceladus, the results would be consistent with microbial activity similar to that known to occur at hydrothermal vents in Earth's oceans. |
| Enzyme from fungi shows molecules which way to turn Posted: 06 Jul 2021 12:30 PM PDT A small fungal enzyme could play a significant role in simplifying the development and manufacture of drugs, according to scientists. |
| Synthetic biology circuits can respond within seconds Posted: 06 Jul 2021 12:30 PM PDT Researchers have designed the first synthetic biology circuit that relies exclusively on protein-protein interactions. These circuits can be turned on within seconds, much faster than other synthetic biology circuits. |
| Worms learn how to optimize foraging by switching their response to social cues Posted: 06 Jul 2021 12:30 PM PDT Worms optimize their foraging behavior by learning to associate pheromones with food availability and changing their movements accordingly, new research finds. |
| Ultrathin semiconductors electrically connected to superconductors Posted: 06 Jul 2021 12:30 PM PDT Researchers have equipped an ultrathin semiconductor with superconducting contacts. These extremely thin materials with novel electronic and optical properties could pave the way for previously unimagined applications. Combined with superconductors, they are expected to give rise to new quantum phenomena and find use in quantum technology. |
| Bacterial survival kit to endure in soil Posted: 06 Jul 2021 10:31 AM PDT Soil bacteria have amazing strategies to attain energy in order to withstand stressful times. Researchers investigated how acidobacteria, which are widespread in soils, can survive under adverse conditions. |
| Posted: 06 Jul 2021 10:31 AM PDT Researchers have developed an innovative material that is eco-friendly, completely biological and non-toxic, and causes no harm to the body's tissues. The material is as strong as titanium and extremely flexible. The new development will allow for the charging of pacemakers using only the heartbeat, eliminating the need for batteries. The new material will make it possible to produce green energy activated by mechanical force that can be applied to other areas as well. |
| Satellite galaxies can carry on forming stars when they pass close to their parent galaxies Posted: 06 Jul 2021 10:31 AM PDT Using sophisticated simulations of the whole of the Local Group of galaxies, including the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy and their respective satellite galaxies, researchers have shown that the satellites not only can retain their gas but can also experience many new episodes of star formation just after passing close to the pericenter of their parent galaxy. |
| New study uncovers how a series of sleep loss impacts mental and physical wellbeing Posted: 06 Jul 2021 10:31 AM PDT A new study looked at the consequences of sleeping fewer than six hours for eight consecutive nights -- the minimum duration of sleep that experts say is necessary to support optimal health in average adults. |
| New species of pseudo-horses living 37 million years ago Posted: 06 Jul 2021 10:31 AM PDT Scientists have described two new species of palaeotheriidae mammals that inhabited the subtropical landscape of Zambrana (Álava) about 37 million years ago. Their atypical dental features could point to a difference in environmental conditions between the Iberian and Central European areas. |
| Relationship between chromosomal instability and senescence revealed in the fly Drosophila Posted: 06 Jul 2021 10:31 AM PDT Researchers have revealed the mechanisms by which cells enter senescence because of an imbalance in the number of chromosomes. Chromosomal instability is a common trait in most solid tumors, such as carcinoma, and fully understanding its relationship with cancer can help identify new therapeutic targets. |
| Kepler telescope glimpses population of free-floating planets Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:54 AM PDT Tantalizing evidence has been uncovered for a mysterious population of 'free-floating' planets, planets that may be alone in deep space, unbound to any host star. The results include four new discoveries that are consistent with planets of similar masses to Earth. |
| Sexual reproduction without mating Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:54 AM PDT A type of fungi studied by a team of biologists for their sexual reproduction strategies are commonly known as Sword-belt Mushrooms. In addition to the European Sword-belt Mushroom (Cyclocybe aegerita), its Pacific relative, the so-called Tawaka (Cyclocybe parasitica), also possesses the unusual ability for agarics to single-handedly form complex multicellular structures for sexual reproduction. These fruiting bodies are normally produced as a collaborative effort between two sexual partners. |
| Study shows laboratory developed protein spikes consistent with COVID-19 virus Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:54 AM PDT A new study has found that the key properties of the spikes of SARS-CoV-2 virus which causes COVID-19 are consistent with those of several laboratory-developed protein spikes, designed to mimic the infectious virus. The findings show how that viral spike manufactured through different methods in laboratories across the globe are highly similar and provide reassurance that the spike can be robustly manufactured with minimal variations between laboratories. |
| Comprehensive genetic study of cleft lip and palate Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:54 AM PDT Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital malformations. Its causes are mainly genetic. However, it is still largely unknown exactly which genes are affected. An international study now provides new insights. |
| Key processes in early brain development revealed Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:54 AM PDT The neocortex is a layered structure of the brain in which neurons are arranged parallel to each other. This organization is critical for healthy brain function. Researchers have uncovered two key processes that direct this organization. The researchers identify one crucial factor which ensures the timely movement of neurons into their destined layer and, subsequently, their final parallel orientation within this space. |
| Sculpted by starlight: A meteorite witness to the solar system's birth Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:54 AM PDT Scientists knew a burst of UV light left its mark on our solar system. Now they know the source of that light. |
| Study finds genes role in immune response of Florida corals to rapidly spreading disease Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:54 AM PDT A new study has documented what coral genes are doing in response to a disease that is rapidly killing corals throughout Florida and the Caribbean. The findings can help to better understand coral immune system as new diseases emerge as the ocean warm. |
| Neanderthal artists? Bones decorated over 50,000 years ago Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT Since the discovery of the first fossil remains, the image of the Neanderthal has been one of a primitive hominin. People have known for a long time that Neanderthals were able to fashion tools and weapons. But could they also make jewellery or even art? Researchers analyzed a new find from the Unicorn Cave in the Harz Mountains in Germany and conclude that Neanderthals had remarkable cognitive abilities. |
| Gulf Coast ready to develop carbon storage hub Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT The stage is set for a new carbon storage economy to emerge along the Gulf Coast, according to a new study, with the region offering ample opportunities to capture and store carbon, and recent state and federal incentives giving an added push to get started. |
| Next-generation sequencing uncovers what's stressing bumblebees Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT Scientists used next-generation sequencing to look inside bumblebees for evidence of pesticide exposure, including neonicotinoids, as well as pathogens, and found both. Using a conservation genomic approach, the researchers studied Bombus terricola or the yellow-banded bumblebee, a native to North America, in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. This new technique allows scientists to probe for invisible stressors affecting bees. |
| Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT The Glasgow Face Matching Test has been updated to find super-recognizers who can help prevent errors caused by face recognition software. |
| Embedded gas sensing device promises simple, accurate volatile organic compounds detection Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT Emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids, volatile organic compounds include a variety of chemicals, and many are associated with adverse health effects so detecting VOCs simply, quickly, and reliably is valuable for several practical applications. Researchers now describe a device designed to analyze air samples containing various VOCs. The device inhales a sample, enabling the sensors within its aluminum gas chamber to analyze and respond in real situations. |
| The brain's wiring technicians Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT Research in mice reveals how a subset of highly specialized immune cells modulate brain wiring by precision-targeting inhibitory synapses. The work deepens understanding of the versatile repertoire of microglia, the brain's immune cells and resident garbage collectors. The results set the stage for the development of therapies for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions marked by defects in synaptic function. |
| New signaling pathway could shed light on damage repair during brain injury Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT An observational study conducted using Drosophila fruit flies has uncovered a signaling pathway that causes neural cells to enter divisions after damage. The research is important because the signaling kinases are also seen activated in human Alzheimer's brain neurons post mortem. The next step is to identify whether the pathway happens in the same way in human neurons, and whether it can be stopped. |
| Sharp size reduction in dinosaurs that changed diet to termites Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT Dinosaurs were generally huge, but a new study of the unusual alvarezsaurs show that they reduced in size about 100 million years ago when they became specialized ant-eaters. |
| Scientists rejuvenate mouse brains with ketamine or flickering light Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT In defining periods of development, the brain re-organizes connections between its neurons more freely than in its adult form. Researchers have now discovered two methods to reopen such plasticity: repeated ketamine anesthesia and non-invasive 60 hertz light flickering. The findings may have the potential to become a therapeutic tool applicable to humans. |
| A protein complex from plant stem cells regulates their division and response to stress Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT Researchers have discovered that two proteins, which are involved in the control of stem cells' division in plant roots, need each other for these cells to function properly. The study combines experimental work with plants and mathematical modeling. The mechanism provides knowledge that could be useful, for agriculture and for the design of efficient strategies in medicine and cosmetics that slow down cellular aging. |
| New fossil sheds light on evolution of how dinosaurs breathed Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT An international team of scientists has used high-powered X-rays at the European Synchrotron to show how an extinct South African 200-million-year-old dinosaur, Heterodontosaurus tucki, breathed. |
| Memory making involves extensive DNA breaking Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT To quickly express genes needed for learning and memory, brain cells snap both strands of DNA in many more places and cell types than previously realized. |
| Vertical greenery can act as a stress buffer Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT Vertical greenery 'planted' on the exterior of buildings may help to buffer people against stress, a new study has found. |
| Game-changing zeolite catalysts synthesized Posted: 06 Jul 2021 08:53 AM PDT A research team discovers new zeolite catalysts for catalytic cracking applications. |
| Falling in line: The simple design and control of MOF electric flow Posted: 06 Jul 2021 07:20 AM PDT Researchers develop a method to design and control the path of electron flow in a polycrystalline material. |
| Unraveling the mechanisms that create the individualized metabolism in leukemia Posted: 06 Jul 2021 07:20 AM PDT Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), an enzyme involved in gene expression, produces individualized metabolism depending on the type of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer cells have a unique ability to metabolize substances differently from normal cells, and this ability is considered to be a promising therapeutic target. New findings may contribute to the safe and effective use of LSD1 inhibitors as potential anticancer agents, and to the development of highly specific treatments for various leukemia types. |
| Bone marrow-derived fibrin clot as better source for meniscal repair Posted: 06 Jul 2021 07:20 AM PDT Researchers analyze bone marrow-derived and peripheral blood-derived fibrin clots showing that the former contains more growth factors. They then show that bone marrow-derived fibrin clots can be used for meniscus suturing, even in the inner-most avascular regions, and with a 2-year post-operative follow-up, they show bone marrow-derived fibrin clots support healing better than their peripheral blood counterparts. |
| Light pollution has complex effects on animal vision Posted: 06 Jul 2021 07:20 AM PDT Changes in the color and intensity of light pollution over the past few decades result in complex and unpredictable effects on animal vision, new research shows. |
| Bitumen surfaces under the microscope Posted: 06 Jul 2021 07:20 AM PDT Although the history of bitumen dates back to the third millennium BC, only little is known about its surface structure. Researchers are now shedding light on the nature of the bitumen surface using physicochemical analyses. |
| Mystery of heavy elements in galactic cosmic rays Posted: 06 Jul 2021 07:20 AM PDT Scientists have used data from the Southwest Research Institute-led Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission to explain the presence of energetic heavy elements in galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). GCRs are composed of fast-moving energetic particles, mostly hydrogen ions called protons, the lightest and most abundant elements in the universe. Scientists have long debated how trace amounts of heavy ions in GCRs are accelerated. |
| High-throughput metabolic profiling of single cells Posted: 06 Jul 2021 07:19 AM PDT Scientists have presented a new method for generating metabolic profiles of individual cells. The method, which combines fluorescence microscopy and a specific form of mass spectroscopy, can analyze over a hundred metabolites and lipids from more than a thousand individual cells per hour. Researchers expect the method to better answer a variety of biomedical questions in the future. |
| Epsilon variant mutations contribute to COVID immune evasion Posted: 06 Jul 2021 06:38 AM PDT New studies reveal an unprecedented mechanism behind the loss of antibody neutralization against this pandemic coronavirus variant of concern. |
| Machine learning cracks the oxidation states of crystal structures Posted: 06 Jul 2021 06:38 AM PDT Chemical engineers have developed a machine-learning model that can predict a compound's oxidation state, a property that is so essential that many chemists argue it must be included in the periodic table. |
| New study presents transformative metasurface based on zerogap embedded template Posted: 06 Jul 2021 06:38 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new technique of predefining the crack pattern on a flexible substrate by a sequential deposition of metallic layers which leads to a formation of a zerogap between the adjacent lateral patterns. |
| Long-term urban emissions data show a decrease in high-income countries Posted: 06 Jul 2021 05:41 AM PDT A new study shows how urbanization has influenced anthropogenic CO2 and air pollutant emissions across all world regions. The results show that by 2015 urban centers were the source of a third of global anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and the majority of air pollutant emissions. |
| New cancer findings can give wider access to immunotherapy Posted: 06 Jul 2021 05:41 AM PDT Researchers have shown how pharmacological activation of the protein p53 boosts the immune response against tumors. The results can be of significance to the development of new combination therapies that will give more cancer patients access to immunotherapy. |
| Constructed wetlands are best protection for agricultural runoff into waterways Posted: 05 Jul 2021 12:21 PM PDT Researchers found constructed wetlands are the most effective means to improve water quality, especially if the size and location are evaluated at the scale of a watershed -- an entire region that drains into a common waterway. |
| Male dragonflies lose their 'bling' in hotter climates Posted: 05 Jul 2021 12:21 PM PDT A new study finds that dragonfly males have consistently evolved less breeding coloration in regions with hotter climates. The research reveals that mating-related traits can be just as important to how organisms adapt to their climates as survival-related traits. |
| Fossil shark scales provide a glimpse of reef predator populations before human impact Posted: 05 Jul 2021 12:20 PM PDT Scientists recently made news by using fossil shark scales to reconstruct shark communities from millions of years ago. |
| Seabird colony creates 'halo' of depleted fish stocks Posted: 05 Jul 2021 12:20 PM PDT A vast seabird colony on Ascension Island creates a 'halo' in which fewer fish live, new research shows. |
| Nanomaterials shape and form influences their ability to cross the blood brain barrier Posted: 05 Jul 2021 12:20 PM PDT Nanomaterials found in consumer and health-care products can pass from the bloodstream to the brain side of a blood-brain barrier model with varying ease depending on their shape - creating potential neurological impacts that could be both positive and negative, a new study reveals. |
| Structures discovered in brain cancer patients can help fight tumors Posted: 05 Jul 2021 06:47 AM PDT Researchers have discovered lymph node-like structures close to the tumor in brain cancer patients, where immune cells can be activated to attack the tumor. They also found that immunotherapy enhanced the formation of these structures in a mouse model. This discovery suggests new opportunities to regulate the anti-tumor response of the immune system. |
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