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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| An atomic look at lithium-rich batteries Posted: 09 Jun 2021 11:34 AM PDT An international team of collaborators has made the first direct observation of the anionic redox reaction in a lithium-rich battery material. The research opens up pathways for improving existing battery cathodes--and designing new ones. |
| Laughing gas relieves symptoms in people with treatment-resistant depression Posted: 09 Jun 2021 11:34 AM PDT Researchers have found that a single, one-hour treatment that involves breathing in a mixture of oxygen and the anesthetic drug nitrous oxide -- otherwise known as laughing gas -- can significantly improve symptoms in people with treatment-resistant depression. |
| Having trouble falling asleep predicts cognitive impairment in later life Posted: 09 Jun 2021 11:34 AM PDT A study of nearly 2,500 adults found that having trouble falling asleep, as compared to other patterns of insomnia, was the main insomnia symptom that predicted cognitive impairment 14 years later. |
| Persistent insomnia symptoms since childhood associated with mood, anxiety disorders Posted: 09 Jun 2021 11:34 AM PDT A 15-year longitudinal study shows that childhood insomnia symptoms that persist into adulthood are strong determinants of mood and anxiety disorders in young adults. |
| Posted: 09 Jun 2021 11:34 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new tomography method with which they can measure chemical properties inside catalyst materials in 3-D extremely precisely and faster than before. The application is equally important for science and industry. |
| Rapamycin changes the way our DNA is stored Posted: 09 Jun 2021 11:33 AM PDT Researchers discover an unexpected link between DNA winding and metabolism in the gut to ameliorate aging. |
| Women's mental health has higher association with dietary factors Posted: 09 Jun 2021 11:33 AM PDT Women's mental health likely has a higher association with dietary factors than men's, according to new research. |
| Origin of fairy circles: Euphorbia hypothesis disproved Posted: 09 Jun 2021 09:34 AM PDT The fairy circles of the Namib are one of nature's greatest mysteries. Millions of these circular barren patches extend over vast areas along the margins of the desert in Namibia. An early hypothesis by G.K. Theron was that poisonous substances from Euphorbia damarana leaves induced fairy circles. Now new research found the original experiment and, 40 years later, the researchers are able to conclusively disprove this hypothesis. |
| Astronomers discover a 'changing-look' blazar Posted: 09 Jun 2021 09:34 AM PDT Astronomers describe a 'changing-look' blazar -- a powerful active galactic nucleus powered by supermassive blackhole at the center of a galaxy. |
| Study shows adaptive brain response to stress, and its absence in people with depression Posted: 09 Jun 2021 09:34 AM PDT A new study identifies a novel biomarker indicating resilience to chronic stress. This biomarker is largely absent in people suffering from major depressive disorder, and this absence is further associated with pessimism in daily life, the study finds. |
| A link between childhood stress and early molars Posted: 09 Jun 2021 09:34 AM PDT Research shows that children from lower-income backgrounds and those who go through greater adverse childhood experiences get their first permanent molars sooner. The findings align with a broader pattern of accelerated development often seen under conditions of early-life stress. |
| New adaptable nanoparticle platform enables enhanced delivery of gene therapies Posted: 09 Jun 2021 09:34 AM PDT Scientists have developed polypeptide-based materials that act as effective vectors for delivering gene therapies. The new platform enables the vectors to be adapted to suit the specific gene therapy cargo. |
| Brain connections mean some people lack visual imagery Posted: 09 Jun 2021 08:55 AM PDT New research has revealed that people with the ability to visualize vividly have a stronger connection between their visual network and the regions of the brain linked to decision-making. The study also sheds light on memory and personality differences between those with strong visual imagery and those who cannot hold a picture in their mind's eye. |
| Hope for critically endangered gorillas in eastern DRC Posted: 09 Jun 2021 08:55 AM PDT A new study has updated the global population estimate for the Critically Endangered Grauer's gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri) -- the world's largest gorilla subspecies -- to 6,800 individuals from a previous global estimate of 3,800 individuals. |
| Corals' natural 'sunscreen' may help them weather climate change Posted: 09 Jun 2021 08:55 AM PDT Scientists are one step closer to understanding why some corals can weather climate change better than others, and the secret could be in a specific protein that produces a natural sunscreen. |
| Important contribution to spintronics has received little consideration until now Posted: 09 Jun 2021 08:55 AM PDT The movement of electrons can have a significantly greater influence on spintronic effects than previously assumed. Until now, a calculation of these effects took, above all, the spin of electrons into consideration. The study offers a new approach in developing spintronic components. |
| A new culprit in antibacterial resistance: Cysteine persulfide Posted: 09 Jun 2021 08:55 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new, highly sensitive analytical method that can detect degraded beta-lactam antibacterial agents used in the treatment of bacterial infections. With this method, researchers found that reactive sulfur species produced by bacteria degrade and inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics. |
| Key to carbon-free cars? Look to the stars Posted: 09 Jun 2021 08:55 AM PDT Scientists uncover new clues to the origins of the universe - and land new chemistry for cleaner combustion engines. |
| Language extinction triggers loss of unique medicinal knowledge Posted: 09 Jun 2021 08:55 AM PDT Indigenous peoples pass on their knowledge of medicinal plants orally. If their languages go extinct, valuable medical knowledge will be lost. A study estimates that 75% of the world's medicinal plant applications are only known in one language. |
| Machine learning speeds up simulations in material science Posted: 09 Jun 2021 07:58 AM PDT Research, development, and production of novel materials depend heavily on the availability of fast and at the same time accurate simulation methods. Machine learning, in which artificial intelligence autonomously acquires and applies new knowledge, will soon enable researchers to develop complex material systems in a purely virtual environment. How does this work, which applications will benefit? |
| The iron jaws of the bristle worm Posted: 09 Jun 2021 07:58 AM PDT Bristle worms have remarkably stable jaws. They are made of a very unusual material containing protein structures and metal atoms. Scientists have now been able to analyze and explain the properties of these structures, which could lead to novel industrially usable materials. |
| Maori connections to Antarctica may go as far back as 7th century, new study shows Posted: 09 Jun 2021 07:58 AM PDT Indigenous Maori people may have set eyes on Antarctic waters and perhaps the continent as early as the 7th century, new research shows. |
| Physicists achieve significant improvement in spotting neutrinos in a cosmic haystack Posted: 09 Jun 2021 07:58 AM PDT Two articles describe how ground-breaking image reconstruction and analysis algorithms developed for surface-based MicroBooNE detector filter out cosmic ray tracks to pinpoint elusive neutrino interactions with unprecedented clarity. |
| Soil microbes metabolize the same polyphenols found in chocolate, wine Posted: 09 Jun 2021 07:58 AM PDT A research team has uncovered new insights into the role of polyphenols in the soil microbiome, known as a black box for its complexity. They proffer an updated theory that soils - much like the human gut - can be food sources for the microbes that live there. |
| Posted: 09 Jun 2021 07:58 AM PDT A phenomenon in which an RNA named NORAD drives a protein named Pumilio to form liquid droplets in cells, much like oil in water, appears to tightly regulate the activity of Pumilio. A new study suggests that such RNA-driven 'phase separation,' in turn, protects against genome instability, premature aging, and neurodegenerative diseases, and may represent a previously unrecognized way for RNAs to regulate cellular processes. |
| Artificial light harming clownfish Posted: 09 Jun 2021 07:58 AM PDT Artificial lighting is killing young clownfish living closest to shore. They also found that these clownfish grew 44% more slowly than clownfish living under natural lighting conditions. |
| 'PrivacyMic': For a smart speaker that doesn't eavesdrop Posted: 09 Jun 2021 05:47 AM PDT Microphones are perhaps the most common electronic sensor in the world, with an estimated 320 million listening for our commands in the world's smart speakers. The trouble is that they're capable of hearing everything else, too. |
| Cholesterol metabolite induces production of cancer-promoting vesicles Posted: 09 Jun 2021 05:47 AM PDT Scientists studying the link between cholesterol and breast cancer report that a byproduct of cholesterol metabolism causes some cells to send out cancer-promoting signals to other cells. These signals are packaged in membrane-bound compartments called extracellular vesicles. |
| As novel sights become familiar, different brain rhythms, neurons take over Posted: 09 Jun 2021 05:46 AM PDT As 'visual recognition memory' emerges in visual cortex, one circuit of inhibitory neurons supplants another and slower neural oscillations prevail, according to a new study. |
| Scientists discover new exoplanet with an atmosphere ripe for study Posted: 09 Jun 2021 05:46 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a new, temperate sub-Neptune sized exoplanet with a 24-day orbital period orbiting a nearby M dwarf star. The recent discovery offers exciting research opportunities thanks to the planet's substantial atmosphere, small star, and how fast the system is moving away from the Earth. |
| Historic Mississippi flow: Impacts of river regulation Posted: 08 Jun 2021 05:37 PM PDT New research seeks to resolve lingering questions about the rate at which the Atchafalaya River captured water from the Mississippi River and the degree to which it would have changed the course of the river. |
| Increasing the memory capacity of intelligent systems based on the function of human neurons Posted: 08 Jun 2021 05:37 PM PDT Researchers have recently developed a new artificial neuron inspired by the different modes of operation of human neurons. This process has enabled recurrent networks to learn temporal relationships of more than a thousand discrete time units where classical methods failed after only a hundred time units. |
| Major barriers to financing a sustainable ocean economy Posted: 08 Jun 2021 05:37 PM PDT Financing a sustainable global ocean economy may require a Paris Agreement type effort, according to a new report. |
| Diverse fossil flora from 400 million year ago Posted: 08 Jun 2021 05:37 PM PDT The analysis of very old plant fossils discovered in South Africa and dating from the Lower Devonian period documents the transition from barren continents to the green planet we know today. |
| Control over water friction with 2D materials points to 'smart membranes' Posted: 08 Jun 2021 05:37 PM PDT The speed of water flow is a limiting factor in many membrane-based industrial processes, including desalination, molecular separation and osmotic power generation. Researchers have revealed a dramatic decrease in friction when water is passed through nanoscale capillaries made of graphene. In contrast, capillaries made from hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) - which has a similar surface topography and crystal structure as graphene - display high friction. |
| The buck stops where? Longest-ever deer distance Posted: 08 Jun 2021 05:37 PM PDT Why did the deer cross the road? According to new research, to keep going and going and going. Researchers have discovered the longest distance ever recorded by an adult male white-tailed deer--300 kilometers, or close to 200 miles, in just over three weeks. The finding has important implications for population management and the transmission of disease, especially chronic wasting disease, a fatal neurological disease. |
| Drinking alcohol is linked to reduced chances of pregnancy Posted: 08 Jun 2021 05:37 PM PDT A study of the associations between drinking alcohol and the chances of becoming pregnant suggests that women who want to conceive should avoid heavy drinking. In the second half of menstrual cycle even moderate drinking is linked to reduced chances of pregnancy. |
| Study finds novel evidence that dreams reflect multiple memories, anticipate future events Posted: 08 Jun 2021 05:37 PM PDT Dreams result from a process that often combines fragments of multiple life experiences and anticipates future events, according to novel evidence from a new study. |
| Researchers create intelligent electronic microsystems from 'green' material Posted: 08 Jun 2021 05:37 PM PDT A research team has created an electronic microsystem that can intelligently respond to information inputs without any external energy input, much like a self-autonomous living organism. The microsystem is constructed from a novel type of electronics that can process ultralow electronic signals and incorporates a device that can generate electricity 'out of thin air' from the ambient environment. |
| Keeping a closer eye on seabirds with drones and artificial intelligence Posted: 08 Jun 2021 05:37 PM PDT Drones and artificial intelligence can monitor large colonies of seabirds as well as traditional on-the-ground methods, while reducing costs, labor and the risk of human error, a new study finds. Scientists used an AI deep-learning algorithm to analyze more than 10,000 drone images of mixed colonies of seabirds in the Falkland Islands/Malvinas. The algorithm's automated counts closely matched human counts 90% of the time. |
| Peace accord in Colombia has increased deforestation of biologically-diverse rainforest Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:45 PM PDT Since the end of the long-running conflict in Colombia, large areas of forest have been rapidly converted to agricultural uses, suggesting the peace agreement presents a threat to conservation the country's rainforest. |
| Taking short breaks may help our brains learn new skills Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:45 PM PDT In a study of healthy volunteers, researchers have mapped out the brain activity that flows when we learn a new skill, such as playing a new song on the piano, and discovered why taking short breaks from practice is a key to learning. |
| A call for global oversight of unproven stem cell therapies Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT The promotion and marketing of unproven stem cell therapies is a global problem that needs a global solution, say experts. The authors of the paper call for the World Health Organization (WHO) to establish an advisory committee on regenerative medicine to tackle this issue and provide guidance for countries around the world. |
| 'Surfing' particles: Physicists solve a mystery surrounding aurora borealis Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT The spectacularly colorful aurora borealis -- or northern lights -- that fills the sky in high-latitude regions has fascinated people for thousands of years. Now, a team of scientists has resolved one of the final mysteries surrounding its origin. |
| Cosmic cartographers map nearby universe revealing the diversity of star-forming galaxies Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT A team of astronomers has completed the first census of molecular clouds in the nearby universe. The study produced the first images of nearby galaxies with the same sharpness and quality as optical imaging and revealed that stellar nurseries do not all look and act the same. In fact, they're as diverse as the people, homes, neighborhoods, and regions that make up our own world. |
| An unprecedented survey of the 'nurseries' where stars are born Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT Astronomers have taken a big step forward in understanding the dark and violent places where stars are born. Over the past five years, an international team of researchers has conducted the first systematic survey of 'stellar nurseries' across our part of the universe, charting the more than 100,000 of these nurseries across more than 90 nearby galaxies and providing new insights into the origins of stars. |
| Efficiently 'switching on' bacteria to produce high-value chemicals Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT High-value chemicals used in biofuels and pharmaceuticals can be made from bacteria by switching their chemistry to produce novel products. Researchers have found a way to drastically cut the cost of turning on these switches. |
| Archaeology uncovering lost Indigenous NE Florida settlement of Sarabay Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT Archaeology team is now fairly confident they have located the lost Indigenous northeast Florida community of Sarabay, a settlement mentioned in both French and Spanish documents dating to the 1560s but had not been discovered until now. |
| Absorbent aerogels show some muscle Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT A simple chemical process creates light and highly absorbent aerogels for environmental remediation or as membranes for batteries and other applications. |
| Discovery of circadian rhythm gene in mice could lead to breakthroughs Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT Scientists have identified a novel gene, Per2AS, that controls the sleep/wake cycle in mice. Per2AS appears to be a new type of gene, known as a non-coding gene. Unlike most other genes, Per2AS is not translated from RNA into a subsequent protein, thus making its function unclear until now. |
| Microgel coating gives donor cells a boost in reversing pulmonary fibrosis Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT Researchers have shown that even after lung tissue has been damaged, it may be possible to reverse fibrosis and promote tissue repair through treatment with microgel-coated mesenchymal stromal cells. |
| Monarchs raised in captivity can orient themselves for migration Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT Researchers found monarchs raised in captivity can successfully migrate if given time to orient themselves. They discovered this by equipping the butterflies with tiny radio transmitters and monitoring them for 200 km, debunking previous research that found the butterflies couldn't orient themselves. Monarchs released into the wild flew in the proper direction because they were exposed to natural sunlight cues allowing them to calibrate their internal compasses after being released. |
| Scientists develop the 'evotype' to unlock power of evolution for better engineering biology Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT Scientists have pioneered a new approach to help biological engineers both harness and design the evolutionary potential of new biosystems. Their concept of the 'evotype' lays a foundation for the next generation of stable, safe and self-improving biotechnologies. |
| From burglar alarms to black hole detectors Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT Last year a physicist proposed an experiment that could conclusively prove whether gravity is a quantum phenomenon. In a new article, he describes how two types of noise could be reduced and suggests that quantum interference could be applied in the production of a sensitive instrument that could detect movements of objects ranging from butterflies to burglars and black holes. |
| Cleaning up mining pollution in rivers Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT Mining involves moving a lot of rock, so some mess is expected. However, mining operations can continue to affect ecosystems long after activity has ended. Heavy metals and corrosive substances leach into the environment, preventing wildlife and vegetation from returning to the area. |
| UIC research paves way for next-generation of crystalline material screening devices Posted: 08 Jun 2021 12:44 PM PDT Researchers have developed a novel multi-well, continuous-flow microfluidic device that may help scientists and pharmaceutical companies more effectively study drug compounds and their crystalline shapes and structures, which are key components for drug stability. |
| Saving the climate with solar fuel Posted: 08 Jun 2021 08:33 AM PDT Produced in a sustainable way, synthetic fuels contribute to switching mobility to renewable energy and to achieving the climate goals in road traffic. In Empa's mobility demonstrator, move, researchers are investigating the production of synthetic methane from an energy, technical and economic perspective - a project with global potential. |
| Artificial intelligence enhances efficacy of sleep disorder treatments Posted: 08 Jun 2021 08:32 AM PDT An algorithm based on 20,000 nights of sleep that can improve the diagnosis, treatment and our overall understanding of sleep disorders has been developed. |
| Finding quasars: Rare extragalactic objects are now easier to spot Posted: 08 Jun 2021 08:32 AM PDT Astrophysicists have developed a new method for pinpointing the whereabouts of extremely rare extragalactic objects. They hope their technique for finding 'changing-look quasars' will take scientists one step closer to unraveling one of greatest mysteries of the universe - how supermassive black holes grow. Quasars are believed to be responsible for regulating the growth of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies. |
| The next 20 are years crucial in determining the future of coal Posted: 08 Jun 2021 08:32 AM PDT Decisions made now will determine whether economies win or lose money as the coal industry changes over the next couple of decades. |
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