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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| New optimization approach helps design lighter carbon fiber composite materials Posted: 24 May 2021 03:31 PM PDT Carbon fibers, due to their superior strength and lightness, are popular in aerospace engineering applications. While much effort goes into improving the strength of carbon fiber composites, such as fiber-reinforced plastic, only fiber orientation optimization is considered. Now researchers have adopted a new design method that optimizes both fiber thickness and orientation, achieving weight reduction in reinforced plastic and opening doors to lighter aircrafts and automobiles. |
| Rubisco proton production can enhance CO2 acquisition Posted: 24 May 2021 03:31 PM PDT Researchers used a mathematical model to gain insight into possibly building Rubisco compartments in crop plants to assist in increasing yield productivity. |
| Can antibiotics treat human diseases in addition to bacterial infections? Posted: 24 May 2021 03:31 PM PDT A new study shows that eukaryotic ribosomes can be modified to respond to antibiotics in the same way that prokaryotic ribosomes do. |
| Chemical changes to peptide siRNA-carrier enhance gene silencing for future cancer drugs Posted: 24 May 2021 01:18 PM PDT Researchers found a modified peptide carrier that was delivering the siRNA drug by adhering to and potentially moving along cell filopodia, leading to more efficient cell entry and improved gene silencing. |
| Sterile male mosquitoes created using CRISPER/Cas9 Posted: 24 May 2021 01:18 PM PDT Mosquitoes are one of humanity's greatest nemeses, estimated to spread infections to nearly 700 million people per year and cause more than one million deaths. |
| Fat around the heart linked to increased risk of heart failure Posted: 24 May 2021 01:18 PM PDT Study shows risk doubles in women and goes up by 50 percent in men. |
| Full-genome CRISPR screen reveals surprising ways neurons survive oxidative stress Posted: 24 May 2021 01:18 PM PDT When a single gene in a cell is turned on or off, its resulting presence or absence can affect the function and survival of the cell. Researchers have now successfully catalogued this effect in the human neuron by separately toggling each of the 20,000 genes in the human genome. |
| A seedy slice of history: Watermelons actually came from northeast Africa Posted: 24 May 2021 01:18 PM PDT Using DNA from greenhouse-grown plants representing all species and hundreds of varieties of watermelon, scientists discovered that watermelons most likely came from wild crop progenitors in northeast Africa. The study corrects a 90-year-old mistake that had previously tied watermelons to South Africa. The genetic research is consistent with newly interpreted Egyptian tomb paintings that suggest the watermelon may have been consumed in the Nile Valley as a dessert more than 4,000 years ago. |
| How do clownfish earn their stripes? Posted: 24 May 2021 01:18 PM PDT Clownfish are instantly recognizable by their white stripes, which appear as they mature from larvae into adults. But how these distinctive patterns form has long remained a mystery. Now, a new study has found that the speed at which these white bars form depends on the species of sea anemone in which the clownfish live. The scientists also discovered that thyroid hormones, which play a key role in metamorphosis, drive how quickly their stripes appear. |
| Greenland glacial meltwaters rich in mercury Posted: 24 May 2021 01:18 PM PDT New research shows that concentrations of the toxic element mercury in rivers and fjords connected to the Greenland Ice Sheet are comparable to rivers in industrial China, an unexpected finding that is raising questions about the effects of glacial melting in an area that is a major exporter of seafood. |
| Plant-microbe homeostasis: A delicate balancing act Posted: 24 May 2021 01:18 PM PDT Scientists have shown that the presence of both immune-suppressive and non-suppressive bacteria in the plant root microbiota is crucial to strike a balance between plant growth and plant defense, and maintain plant-microbe homeostasis. |
| How tendons become stiffer and stronger Posted: 24 May 2021 01:18 PM PDT Researchers deciphered the cellular mechanisms through which tendons can adapt to mechanical stresses. People who carry a certain variant of a gene that is key to this mechanism show improved jumping performance. |
| Infertility poses major threat to biodiversity during climate change, study warns Posted: 24 May 2021 01:17 PM PDT A new study by ecologists warns that heat-induced male infertility will see some species succumb to the effects of climate change earlier than thought. Currently, scientists are trying to predict where species will be lost due to climate change so they can plan effective conservation strategies. However, research on temperature tolerance has generally focused on the temperatures that are lethal to organisms, rather than those at which organisms can no longer breed. |
| Endangered wallaby population bounces back after ferals fenced out Posted: 24 May 2021 01:17 PM PDT Scientists have used a new conservation strategy to give the bridled nailtail wallaby a head start in life. |
| Bile acids trigger satiety in the brain Posted: 24 May 2021 01:17 PM PDT Scientists have discovered a new role for bile acids: they curb appetite by entering the brain. Their findings provide new insights into the signals and mechanisms by which satiety is controlled and may have implications for treating obesity. |
| With a kitchen freezer and plant cellulose, an aerogel for therapeutic use is developed Posted: 24 May 2021 01:17 PM PDT A new low-cost and sustainable technique would boost the possibilities for hospitals and clinics to deliver therapeutics with aerogels, a foam-like material now found in such high-tech applications as insulation for spacesuits and breathable plasters. |
| Microscopic fossils record ancient climate conditions Posted: 24 May 2021 01:17 PM PDT Researchers report the climate clues that can be found by analyzing the magnetic fossil particles, or magnetofossils. |
| Fluorescent light clarifies relationship between heat stress and crop yield Posted: 24 May 2021 01:17 PM PDT Scientists report that it is possible to detect and predict heat damage in crops by measuring the fluorescent light signature of plant leaves experiencing heat stress. If collected via satellite, this fluorescent signal could support widespread monitoring of growth and crop yield under the heat stress of climate change, the researchers say. |
| Game on: Game-based program boosts physical activity among diabetes patients Posted: 24 May 2021 01:17 PM PDT Researchers showed that adding gamification with either competition or support increased physical activity for patients with Type 2 diabetes. |
| Step-closer to nasal spray drug delivery for Parkinson's disease Posted: 24 May 2021 01:17 PM PDT Scientists have made significant progress in the development of a nasal spray treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease. |
| Specialized inhibitory cluster gates plasticity in fear learning Posted: 24 May 2021 01:17 PM PDT Researchers have uncovered a new role for a distinct inhibitory cell cluster in the amygdala, acting to dynamically modulate synaptic connections during fear learning. |
| Simple diagnostic tool predicts individual risk of Alzheimer's Posted: 24 May 2021 01:17 PM PDT Researchers at Lund University in Sweden have developed an algorithm that combines data from a simple blood test and brief memory tests, to predict with great accuracy who will develop Alzheimer's disease in the future. The findings are published in Nature Medicine. |
| To unpack colonial influence on ecology, researchers propose five strategies Posted: 24 May 2021 01:16 PM PDT Researchers proposed five strategies to untangle the impacts of colonialism on research and thinking in ecology. |
| Evacuating under dire wildfire scenarios Posted: 24 May 2021 01:16 PM PDT As climate change intensifies, wildfires in the West are behaving in ways that were unimaginable in the past -- and the common disaster response approaches are woefully unprepared for this new reality. Researchers now proposed a framework for simulating dire scenarios, which the authors define as scenarios where there is less time to evacuate an area than is required. |
| New study shines light on hazards of Earth's largest volcano Posted: 24 May 2021 01:09 PM PDT Scientists analyzed ground movements measured by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) satellite data and GPS stations to precisely model where magma intruded and how magma influx changed over time, as well as where faults under the flanks moved without generating significant earthquakes. |
| Analyzing the impact of college gameday homes in the American south Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT Absentee property ownership in many small college football towns has a negative impact on permanent residents of those communities, according to a new study. The research is the first known attempt to quantify and map local geographies of gameday home investments. |
| Study finds women with osteoporosis and low bone density are at increased risk of hearing loss Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT Researchers found that risk of subsequent moderate or worse hearing loss was up to 40 percent higher in study participants with osteoporosis or LBD. |
| Young teens should only use recreational internet and video games one hour daily Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT Middle-school aged children who use the internet, social media or video games recreationally for more than an hour each day during the school week have significantly lower grades and test scores, according to a new study. |
| Helping adults navigate the decision to move back in with parents Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT A recent study offers insight into how adults can navigate the often awkward experience of moving back in with their parents. |
| 36 dwarf galaxies had simultaneous 'baby boom' of new stars Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT Three dozen dwarf galaxies far from each other had a simultaneous 'baby boom' of new stars, an unexpected discovery that challenges current theories on how galaxies grow and may enhance our understanding of the universe. |
| Pristine quantum criticality found Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT Physicists searching for evidence of quantum criticality in topological materials have found one of the most pristine examples yet observed. |
| To make particles flow more efficiently, put an obstacle in their way Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT A bottleneck limits the effectiveness of microfluidic chips. Reaction-containing droplets can collide, break up, and foul experiments. 'It's a traffic problem, like several lanes of cars trying to squeeze through a tollbooth,' says a mechanical engineering professor. Placing 'traffic circles' in the flow path causes droplets to line up in an orderly fashion so they can zoom through the system with far fewer collisions. |
| Two invasive beachgrasses are hybridizing Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT Two species of sand-stabilizing beachgrasses introduced to the Pacific Northwest starting in the early 1900s are hybridizing, raising new questions about impacts to the coastal ecosystems the non-native plants have been engineering for more than a century. |
| Clean water and toilets for healthy shelters Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT The devastating Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 displaced some 500,000 people to evacuation shelters. A research team that conducted regular visits to shelters to assess their status and inhabitants well-being have analyzed their data and found that about half of shelters had inadequate clean tap water and toilets, leading to worsening health outcomes for inhabitants. |
| Diabetes vaccine gives promising results in a genetic subgroup Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT A clinical study has investigated whether immunotherapy against type 1 diabetes can preserve the body's own production of insulin. The results suggest that injection of a protein, GAD, into lymph nodes can be effective in a subgroup of individuals. |
| Generating electricity from heat using the spin Seebeck device Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT A research team proposes the direction for designing highly efficient spin Seebeck-based thermoelectric devices. |
| Digital Twin technology a 'powerful tool' but requires significant investment, say experts Posted: 24 May 2021 08:02 AM PDT Healthcare and aerospace experts have said advances in digital twin technology make it a powerful tool for facilitating predictive and precision medicine and enhancing decision-making for aerospace systems. |
| Using waste heat to power an environmentally sustainable future Posted: 24 May 2021 08:01 AM PDT Researchers explore a novel organic Rankine system for converting waste heat into electricity. |
| Obesity protects against death in severe bacterial infection Posted: 24 May 2021 08:01 AM PDT For many diseases, overweight and obesity are risk factors. But now a study shows that a higher BMI may be linked to higher survival rates in patients hospitalized for severe bacterial infections. |
| Forensic archaeologists begin to recover Spanish Civil War missing bodies Posted: 24 May 2021 08:01 AM PDT Forensic archaeologists and anthropologists have started to recover the bodies of victims executed by the Franco regime at the end of the Spanish Civil War during an excavation in the Ciudad Real region of Spain. |
| Supersensitive connection causes hatred of noises Posted: 24 May 2021 08:01 AM PDT An increased connectivity in the brain between the auditory cortex and the motor control areas related to the face, mouth and throat has been discovered in people with misophonia. Their hatred of 'trigger noises' can lead to an extreme reaction including anger and disgust. This is the first time such a connection in the brain has been identified and it offers a new path for therapies. |
| Virus infection cycle revealed in dynamic detail Posted: 24 May 2021 08:01 AM PDT A critical process in the infection cycle of viruses has been revealed for the first time in dynamic detail using pioneering plant-based technology. |
| Mild COVID-19 induces lasting antibody protection, study finds Posted: 24 May 2021 08:01 AM PDT People who have had a mild case of COVID-19 are left with long-term antibody protection against future disease, according to a new study. |
| New fishing tech may pose risks to fisheries Posted: 24 May 2021 08:01 AM PDT New developments in recreational fishing technology -- from the use of aerial drones and social media scouting reports to advances in hook design -- are creating challenges for fisheries management and effective policy making, according to a new study. |
| Telomere length, a longevity measure, may be determined early in life Posted: 24 May 2021 08:01 AM PDT One of the first studies to examine telomere length (TL) in childhood finds that the initial setting of TL during prenatal development and in the first years of life may determine one's TL throughout childhood and potentially even into adulthood or older age. The study also finds that TL decreases most rapidly from birth to age 3, followed by a period of maintenance into the pre-puberty period, although it was sometimes seen to lengthen. |
| Plasma jets reveal magnetic fields far, far away Posted: 24 May 2021 06:20 AM PDT For the first time, researchers have observed plasma jets interacting with magnetic fields in a massive galaxy cluster 600 million light years away, thanks to the help of radio telescopes and supercomputer simulations. The findings can help clarify how such galaxy clusters evolve. |
| Metabolic hormone 'leptin' linked to poor vaccine response Posted: 24 May 2021 06:20 AM PDT Reduced levels of a metabolic hormone known as leptin is linked to poor vaccine antibody responses in the general population, a study has found. |
| No link between milk and increased cholesterol according to new study of 2 million people Posted: 24 May 2021 06:20 AM PDT Regular consumption of milk is not associated with increased levels of cholesterol, according to new research of nearly 2 million people. |
| A natural food supplement may relieve anxiety, study suggests Posted: 24 May 2021 06:20 AM PDT A natural food supplement reduces anxiety in mice, according to a new study. The plant-derived substance, beta-sitosterol, was found to produce this effect both on its own and in synergic combination with an antidepressant. |
| Early research suggests climate change could lead to more stillbirths Posted: 24 May 2021 06:20 AM PDT Scientists are investigating whether rising global temperatures may lead to more stillbirths, saying further study is needed on the subject as climates change. |
| Explanatiion of how religious beliefs may be formed Posted: 24 May 2021 06:20 AM PDT Feeling anxious can direct our attention and memory toward supernatural beings such as gods, a new study has found. |
| New study targets secrets of great entrepreneurial cities Posted: 24 May 2021 06:20 AM PDT New study by Australian and US researchers describe how an 'open-minded' population empowers city life. |
| Accurate evaluation of CRISPR genome editing Posted: 24 May 2021 06:20 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new software tool to detect, evaluate and quantify off-target editing activity, including adverse translocation events that can cause cancer. The software is based on input taken from a standard measurement assay, involving multiplexed PCR amplification and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). |
| Cancer treatments may accelerate cellular aging Posted: 24 May 2021 06:20 AM PDT New research indicates that certain anti-cancer therapies may hasten cellular aging, where changes in the DNA of patients may contribute to greater inflammation and fatigue. |
| Surge in nitrogen has turned sargassum into the world's largest harmful algal bloom Posted: 24 May 2021 06:19 AM PDT Using a unique historical baseline (1983-2019), scientists have discovered dramatic changes in the chemistry and composition of Sargassum, floating brown seaweed, transforming this vibrant living organism into a toxic 'dead zone.' Results suggest that increased nitrogen availability from natural and anthropogenic sources, including sewage, is supporting blooms of Sargassum and turning a critical nursery habitat into harmful algal blooms with catastrophic impacts on coastal ecosystems, economies, and human health. Globally, harmful algal blooms are related to increased nutrient pollution. |
| Risk of second stroke can be reduced with prevention efforts based on cause of first stroke Posted: 24 May 2021 06:19 AM PDT Having a stroke caused by blocked blood vessels or a transient ischemic attack (TIA) greatly increases your chances of having a future stroke. Identifying the cause or causes of the first stroke is key to developing strategies to prevent additional strokes. Managing blood pressure levels, reducing or quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and regular physical activity will reduce the risk of a second stroke, along with managing conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol. |
| COVID-19 mortality associated with two signs easily measured at home, study finds Posted: 24 May 2021 06:19 AM PDT A study of 1,095 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 found that two easily measured signs of health -- respiration rate and blood-oxygen saturation -- predict higher mortality. |
| Defective gene slows down brain cells Posted: 24 May 2021 06:19 AM PDT Although many forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are thought to have genetic causes, the cellular and molecular functions of the identified genes remain unclear. Scientists studied a high-risk gene and discovered its important role during a critical phase of brain development. |
| Dental crowding: Ancient baleen whales had a mouth full Posted: 24 May 2021 06:19 AM PDT CT scans of a 25 million year-old fossil skull show the Aetiocetus weltoni had both teeth and baleen, unlike modern whales. |
| Potential new treatment target in the fight against COVID-19 Posted: 24 May 2021 06:19 AM PDT A new study reveals how therapies targeting a molecular chaperone called GRP78 might offer additional protection against COVID-19 and other coronaviruses that emerge in the future. |
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