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| Study shows how bioactive substance inhibits important receptor Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT The A2A receptor regulates how vigorously the innate immune system attacks diseased cells. Researchers have now been able to show for the first time how an important inhibitor binds to the receptor. In the future, the results will facilitate the targeted search for molecules that give the innate immune system more punch. These could for instance be used in the fight against cancer, but also against brain diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. |
| Half of all women experience false positive mammograms after 10 years of annual screening Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT Half of all women experience a false positive mammogram after 10 years of annual breast cancer screening with 3D mammography, a UC Davis-led study estimates. This risk was lower for women who had mammograms every other year. 3D screening showed slightly lower false positive results than standard mammography. |
| Large study challenges the theory that light alcohol consumption benefits heart health Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT In an observational analysis of UK Biobank participants, light to moderate drinkers had the lowest heart disease risk, followed by people who abstained from drinking; however, light to moderate drinkers tended to have healthier lifestyles than abstainers, which likely accounted for their better heart health. Genetic evidence in this same population suggested that all levels of alcohol intake are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Notably, the risk of cardiovascular disease linked to light alcohol consumption was modest but rose exponentially with higher intake, even at intake levels currently endorsed as 'low risk.' |
| Study finds neurons that encode the outcomes of actions Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT A group of neurons in the brain's striatum encodes information about the potential outcomes of different decisions. These cells become particularly active when a behavior leads a different outcome than what was expected, which the researchers believe helps the brain adapt to changing circumstances. |
| Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT Researchers have developed a novel super-hygroscopic material that enhances sweat evaporation within a personal protective suit, to create a cooling effect for better thermal comfort for users such as healthcare workers and other frontline officers. With this innovation, users will feel 40% cooler and their risk of getting heat stroke is lowered significantly. |
| Vagus nerve stimulation lowers costs of care for children with uncontrolled epilepsy Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT A new study has examined a population of pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. For these patients, the study found that the patients who received vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), when used with anti-seizure medications (ASM), had lower hospital costs compared to the use of ASM alone. The study found that the patients treated with ASM plus VNS had savings of over $3,000 of epilepsy-related annual costs per year, compared to treatment with ASM only. |
| Innovative AI technology aids personalized care for diabetes patients needing complex drug treatment Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:24 AM PDT Medical researchers have developed and tested an AI method to improve care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who need complex treatment. The new AI method analyzed electronic health record data across Utah and Indiana and learned generalizable treatment patterns of type 2 diabetes patients with similar characteristics. Those patterns can now be used to help determine an optimal drug regimen for a specific patient. |
| Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT A novel class of bed net that kills mosquitoes resistant to traditional insecticides by making them unable to move or fly, significantly reduces malaria infection in children, according to new research published in The Lancet. Unlike other insecticides which kill the mosquito via the nervous system, the effects of the new bed net mean the mosquito dies from starvation or being unable to fend for itself. |
| Scientists develop coated probiotics that could be effectively delivered into the human gut Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:38 AM PDT Scientists have developed probiotics with a unique edible coating that ensures the beneficial bacteria successfully reach the intestine once they are ingested. |
| Therapy can support medication treatment for opioid use disorder Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Receiving psychosocial and behavioral therapy alongside medications for opioid use disorder leads to better treatment engagement and continuity, according to researchers. |
| Spinal fluid sampling used to track treatment response in pediatric glioma Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Treatment for glioma has long relied on MRI imaging to track tumor markers and treatment response. But new findings suggest a new method could provide additional data about tumor markers before changes appear on an MRI, indicating possible strategies to help clinicians address this aggressive form of cancer. |
| Cells dancing harmonic duets could enable personalized cancer therapies Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT Mechanical engineers are using two electronic 'voices' singing a harmonic duet to control suspended particles and cells in new and valuable ways. Their prototype device can form and rotate a single-layer crystal from a group of particles, create arbitrary shapes with a given number of particles, and move pairs of biological cells together and apart again hundreds of times. These abilities could serve fields like materials science, biophysics, life science and medicine. |
| New research shows certain exercises can help with muscular dystrophy Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT A new study using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in zebrafish found that certain activities may help strengthen muscles affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a severe type of muscular dystrophy that affects young boys. The researchers designed four NMES regimens for zebrafish with a mutation that closely modeled the disease. They then put the fish into an underwater 3D printed 'gym' made up of tunnels and electrodes, and analyzed their skeletal muscles to see how they had changed. |
| Novel method to identify and treat aggressive early-stage lung cancers Posted: 24 Mar 2022 12:41 PM PDT Researchers have developed a novel method to identify aggressive early-stage lung cancers and target drugs known as aurora kinase inhibitors to tumors that are especially likely to respond to them. The findings could lead to great advances in treatment for lung adenocarcinoma, the most common type of lung cancer. |
| Distant regions of the human brain are wired together by surprisingly few connections Posted: 24 Mar 2022 12:41 PM PDT Understanding how the brain functions, particularly how information is processed during different activities, is difficult without knowing how many axons are in the brain and how many connect different functional regions. A new study shows that despite the functional importance of connections between far-reaching regions of the brain, the actual number of these connections is low. |
| One in four women experience domestic violence before age 50, analysis finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:38 AM PDT Over one in four women (or 27 per cent) experience intimate partner violence before the age of 50, according to a worldwide analysis. The largest of its kind, the analysis covers 366 studies involving more than 2 million women in 161 countries. |
| Study suggests association between consuming artificial sweeteners and increased cancer risk Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:38 AM PDT Artificial sweeteners reduce added sugar content and corresponding calories while maintaining sweetness. A new study suggests that some artificial sweeteners are associated with increased cancer risk. |
| Can supermarkets coax people into buying healthier food? Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Restricting supermarket placement of less healthy items and increasing the availability of healthier alternatives in these stores may be promising interventions to encourage healthier purchasing behaviors, according to two new studies. |
| Tuberculosis infection protects mice from developing COVID-19 Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT In mice, the immune response mounted against tuberculosis prevents them from developing COVID-19, according to a new study. |
| Mechanism that underlies local dopamine release in the brain Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT When we initiate an action in our everyday lives—chasing after a runaway napkin or getting out of the car—the brain releases a chemical messenger called dopamine that helps regulate the brain area that controls this action. |
| Tuberculosis induces premature cellular aging Posted: 24 Mar 2022 10:03 AM PDT Researchers found that the cells of humans and animals who have recovered from tuberculosis had prematurely aged up to 12 to 14 years. It's possible that this premature cellular aging is one reason why survivors of tuberculosis have a high risk of mortality. |
| Health risk due to micro- and nanoplastics in food Posted: 24 Mar 2022 10:02 AM PDT Five grams of plastic particles on average enter the human gastrointestinal tract per person per week. This is roughly equivalent to the weight of a credit card. Whether ingested micro- and nanoplastics pose a health risk is being investigated in numerous studies but is largely unknown to date. A research team has now summarized the current state of scientific knowledge. |
| Researchers develop new antibody test to diagnose MS Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Researchers have validated a new antibody test to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS), a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Resourceful viral protein combats monkey and human defenses differently Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Researchers have found that different parts of viral protein U expressed by simian immunodeficiency virus are required to bind to and block tetherin, an antiviral protein, in monkey cells versus in human cells. This suggests that the virus uses two different mechanistic strategies to evade this host defense and sheds new light on host-pathogen coevolution. |
| In animal study, implant churns out CAR-T cells to combat cancer Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Researchers have developed an implantable biotechnology that produces and releases CAR-T cells for attacking cancerous tumors. In a proof-of-concept study involving lymphoma in mice, the researchers found that treatment with the implants was faster and more effective than conventional CAR-T cell cancer treatment. |
| Fans of ASMR videos are more sensitive to their surroundings, study finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Fans of ASMR videos are more sensitive to their surroundings and feelings, a new study has revealed. ASMR, which stands for Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response, has swept the internet with millions watching viral clips of whispered voices, delicate hand movements or tapping. |
| Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can be remarkably effective in treating leukemias and lymphomas, but there are no successful immunotherapies for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) yet. Researchers have now discovered that CAR-T cells directed to a tumor antigen, CDH17, a cell surface marker expressed on both NETs and GICs but also found on healthy tissues, eliminated GICs in several preclinical models without toxicity to normal tissues in multiple mouse organs, including the small intestine and colon. |
| Study connects shorter course of antibiotics to fewer antibiotic resistance genes Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT A study explains how to to find an optimal dosage that reduces the use of antibiotics without compromising the health of patients. |
| No increase in pregnancy complications after COVID-19 vaccination, study finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy is not associated with a higher risk of pregnancy complications, according to a large-scale registry study. |
| A simple diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal disorders Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:18 AM PDT Researchers have designed a new device that could offer a cheaper and easier-to-manufacture alternative to existing diagnostics for GI dysmotility, inspired by the ancient Incan technology of quipu, which involves using knotted cords to communicate information. |
| Clock gene mutation found to contribute to the development of autism Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT Researchers found that the disruption of a circadian clock gene may be involved in the development of autism spectrum disorder. |
| Decoding a material’s ‘memory’ Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT New research details the relationship between particle structure and flow in disordered materials, insights that can be used to understand systems ranging from mudslides to biofilms. |
| Road traffic in European cities exposes 60 million people to noise levels harmful to health Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT A study assessed the levels of noise generated by road traffic and examined its impact on health in 749 European cities. The findings show that nearly 60 million adults are subjected to unhealthy levels of vehicle-generated noise. Compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) noise-level guidelines could prevent 3,600 deaths annually from ischemic heart disease alone. |
| Cases of cognitive decline in older people more than doubles in ten years Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Cases of cognitive decline in older people, where a doctor has assessed someone following concerns about memory and noted their brain function has been affected, have more than doubled over the past ten years. |
| IgA antibodies seem to protect unvaccinated against COVID-19, study finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Despite daily contact with COVID-19 patients early in the pandemic, some health professionals avoided falling ill. As a new study shows, the explanation appears to be an antidote in the immune system: IgA antibodies to COVID-19. |
| Limiting energy in neurons exacerbates epilepsy Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, is characterized by the spontaneous repetition of seizures caused by the hyperactivity of a group of neurons in the brain. Could we therefore reduce neuronal hyperactivity, and treat epilepsy, by reducing the amount of energy supplied to neurons and necessary for their proper functioning? Researchers discovered that, in mice, the seizures were actually exacerbated. |
| Intense light protects against lung damage, research finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Intense light activates proteins shown to protect against lung damage in mice, a discovery that could have major therapeutic implications for treating diseases like acute lung injury in humans, according to a new study. |
| Racial minorities are less likely to receive CPR when they need it Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Black and Hispanic individuals who experience a witnessed cardiac arrest at home or in public are substantially less likely than white individuals to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) from a bystander, according to a new study. |
| Programmable button speeds triage process for faster heart attack care Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Shaving critical minutes off the time it takes to diagnose a heart attack and begin treatment could be as simple as the push of a button. Using a programmable button to page a phlebotomist for a blood draw reduced the time it took to identify patients suffering a heart attack by more than 11 minutes on average, in a new study. |
| Good news for coffee lovers: Daily coffee may benefit the heart Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Drinking coffee -- particularly two to three cups a day -- is not only associated with a lower risk of heart disease and dangerous heart rhythms but also with living longer, according to recent studies. These trends held true for both people with and without cardiovascular disease. Researchers said the analyses -- the largest to look at coffee's potential role in heart disease and death -- provide reassurance that coffee isn't tied to new or worsening heart disease and may actually be heart protective. |
| Speaking from the heart: Could your voice reveal your heart health? Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT An artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer algorithm accurately predicted a person's likelihood of suffering heart problems related to clogged arteries based on voice recordings alone. |
| Exercise holds even more heart health benefits for people with stress-related conditions Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Regular physical activity had nearly doubled the cardiovascular benefit in individuals with depression or anxiety, compared with individuals without these diagnoses, according to a new study. |
| People underestimate others' desire for constructive feedback Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT People consistently underestimate others' desire for constructive feedback and therefore don't provide it, even when it could improve another person's performance on a task. |
| Study examines disparities in air pollution affecting American Indian communities Posted: 23 Mar 2022 01:06 PM PDT New research highlights disparities in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) trends between American Indian (AI) and non-AI populated U.S. counties. PM2.5 is one of several air pollutants regulated by the U.S. EPA. Downward trends in PM2.5 concentrations were steeper among the non-AI populated compared to AI-populated counties. With most U.S. air pollution research conducted in urban settings, this is the first study to detail the extent of particulate air pollution levels and its potential health consequences among rural AI communities. |
| Do older adults using statins have lower risk of developing Parkinsonism later? Posted: 23 Mar 2022 01:06 PM PDT Parkinsonism is a term for a group of neurological conditions that cause movement problems including tremors, slowed movement and stiffness, with Parkinson's disease being one of the better knowns causes. A new study suggests that older people taking statin drugs have a lower chance of developing parkinsonism later compared to people who were not taking statins. |
| Scholars call for Paris Accord-style global agreement to combat emergence of 'superbugs' Posted: 23 Mar 2022 01:06 PM PDT Public health experts have long been concerned by the emergence of so-called 'superbugs' -- existing bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens that have evolved to evade the antibiotics, antivirals and antifungals developed to kill them. The scope and severity of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the urgent need for a co-ordinated global response are the subjects of a new paper, co-authored by 25 scholars. |
| Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:17 PM PDT Researchers found that niacin limits Alzheimer's disease progression when used in models in the lab, a discovery that could potentially pave the way toward therapeutic approaches to the disease. |
| Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:17 PM PDT In-vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics that offer money-back guarantees (MBGs) for their services achieve a higher live-birth success rate with less aggressive treatments than clinics that do not provide money-back guarantees. |
| Discovery could pave way for new lung treatment Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:17 PM PDT Scientists have discovered a new family of helpful proteins in the lung. When stimulated, these bitter taste receptors, called T2Rs, prevent fluid from entering the lung through blood vessels. The findings could pave the way for new treatment for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with an excessive increase in pulmonary vascular permeability. |
| Novel therapeutic strategy shows promise against pancreatic cancer Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT Pancreatic cancer is notoriously difficult to cure or even treat. Now, a new strategy has succeeded in making pancreatic tumors visible to the immune systems of mice and vulnerable to immune attack, reducing cancer metastases by 87%. |
| Revamped design could take powerful biological computers from the test tube to the cell Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT Researchers may have developed long-lived biological computers that could potentially persist inside cells. Researchers forgo the traditional DNA-based approach, opting instead to use the nucleic acid RNA to build computers. The results demonstrate that the RNA circuits are as dependable and versatile as their DNA-based counterparts. What's more, living cells may be able to create these RNA circuits continuously, something that is not readily possible with DNA circuits. |
| New potentially painkilling compound found in deep-water cone snails Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT In a new study, researchers report that a group of cone snails produces a venom compound similar to the protein somatostatin. While they continue to learn more about this venom compound and its possible pharmaceutical applications, the results show the wide variety of drug leads that venomous animals produce, which they've designed and refined over millions of years. |
| Empathy softens teachers' biases, reduces racial gap in student suspensions Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT Interventions that seek to evoke empathy in teachers can sideline biases and narrow the racial gap in suspensions of middle school students, according to the results of a large-scale study to combat race-based inequity in school discipline. |
| Neuroscientists identify mechanism for long term memory storage Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT While studying how memories are formed and stored in the brain, a team identified a novel protein folding mechanism that is essential for long term memory storage. The researchers further demonstrated that this mechanism is impaired in a tau-based mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and that restoring this protein folding mechanism reverses memory impairment in this mouse model for the study of dementia. |
| Staying alive: Scientists eye up gene required for the survival of an important retinal neuron Posted: 23 Mar 2022 10:03 AM PDT Researchers have identified a gene necessary for the survival of retinal ganglion cells -- a class of neurons located in the retina that are critical for vision. |
| How the gut communicates with the brain Posted: 23 Mar 2022 10:03 AM PDT New research has discovered how the enteric nervous system -- or 'second brain' -- can communicate with both the brain and spinal cord, which up until now had remained a major mystery. The study found specialized cells within the gut wall release serotonin when stimulated by food, which then acts on the nerves to communicate with the brain. The authors say as there is a direct connection between serotonin levels in our body and depression and how we feel, understanding how the gut communicates with the brain is of major importance. |
| FDA approved new immunotherapy regimen for patients with melanoma Posted: 23 Mar 2022 10:03 AM PDT The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a novel therapy for patients with metastatic or inoperable melanoma, an aggressive type of skin cancer. |
| Origins of diabetes may be different in men and women Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:51 AM PDT Researchers look at how fat tissue from different parts of the body may lead to diabetes onset in men and women. They reviewed almost 200 hundred scientific papers looking for a deeper understanding of how fat operates at the surface and tissue level, and the mechanisms by which that tissue contributes to diabetes onset. |
| Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:51 AM PDT The lower airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have unique biochemical features that correlate with the complex communities of lung bacteria typical of this disease, according to a multicenter study. These findings offer insights into the underlying biological mechanisms driving infection and inflammation in the CF lungs, and may help develop novel targeted therapies and more precise diagnostics to improve the care of children with CF. |
| Novel therapy could help people with asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis and cancer-related lung disease Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:51 AM PDT Scientists have developed a drug to treat the uncontrolled secretion of mucins in the airways, which causes potentially life-threatening symptoms in millions of Americans with lung diseases. |
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