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ScienceDaily: Top Health News |
| Tangled messages: Tracing neural circuits to chemotherapy's 'constellation of side effects' Posted: 07 Jan 2022 02:33 PM PST Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can experience severe side effects that persist long after treatments end. A new study has found a novel pathway for understanding why these debilitating conditions happen -- and why scientists should focus on 'all of the possible neural processes that deliver sensory or motor problems to a patient's brain' and not just those that occur away from the center of the body. |
| Study sets framework for precision surveillance of colorectal cancer Posted: 07 Jan 2022 12:21 PM PST A team of researchers has revealed some of the mechanisms by which polyps develop into colorectal cancer, setting the framework for improved surveillance for the cancer utilizing precision medicine. Their study describes findings from a single-cell transcriptomic and imaging atlas of the two most common colorectal polyps found in humans: conventional adenomas and serrated polyps. |
| Novel brainstem circuit gives rise to the rhythms of vocalization Posted: 07 Jan 2022 12:21 PM PST The vocal sounds of humans -- laughing, crying, and the babbling of babies -- have the same rhythmic quality as the sounds made by many mammals, songbirds, and even some species of fish. Researchers have discovered that a small cluster of neurons in the brain stem not only regulates tempo but also coordinates vocalization with breathing. |
| How the brain’s blue spot helps us focus our attention Posted: 07 Jan 2022 09:14 AM PST How can we shift from a state of inattentiveness to one of highest attention? The locus coeruleus, literally the 'blue spot,' is a tiny cluster of cells at the base of the brain. As the main source of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline, it helps us control our attentional focus. Synthesizing evidence from animal and human studies, scientists have now developed a novel framework describing the way the blue spot regulates our brain's sensitivity to relevant information in situations requiring attention. |
| Exercise alters brain chemistry to protect aging synapses Posted: 07 Jan 2022 07:09 AM PST When elderly people stay active, their brains have more of a class of proteins that enhances the connections between neurons to maintain healthy cognition, a new study has found. |
| Posted: 07 Jan 2022 07:06 AM PST A philosophy team analyzed the role self-deception plays in everyday life and the strategies people use to deceive themselves. The team described four strategies used to stabilize and shield the positive self-image. According to their theory, self-deception helps people to stay motivated in difficult situations. |
| Anxiety and PTSD linked to increased myelin in brain's gray matter Posted: 07 Jan 2022 05:44 AM PST Scientists have shown in both anxious rats and military veterans with PTSD that acute stress is associated with increased myelination of axons in areas of the brain associated with memory and emotions. These areas in the brain's gray matter are normally only lightly myelinated. Since myelin speeds communication in the brain, the increased myelination may be making some neural circuits hyperresponsive to memories of trauma. |
| Teens not getting enough sleep may consume 4.5 extra pounds of sugar during a school year Posted: 07 Jan 2022 05:44 AM PST The results found that teenagers undergoing short sleep consumed more foods that were likely to spike blood sugar fast -- things like foods high in carbs and added sugar, or sugary drinks, compared to when they were in healthy sleep. |
| How exercise interventions could help people with asthma Posted: 07 Jan 2022 05:44 AM PST Interventions aimed at promoting physical activity in people with asthma could improve their symptoms and quality of life -- according to new research. Researchers looked at whether interventions such as aerobic and strength or resistance training, had helped participants with asthma. Although they found that these interventions worked, patients with asthma may have had difficulty undertaking them because of their difficulty traveling to fitness groups or because the interventions were not suitable for people with additional health conditions. But the team say that digital interventions -- such as video appointments, smartwatches and mobile apps -- could remove some of these barriers and enable patients to carry out home-based programs in future. |
| Cities boosted rain, sent storms to the suburbs during Europe’s deadly summer floods Posted: 07 Jan 2022 05:43 AM PST A study used computer models to investigate how cities and climate change influenced the destructive and deadly rainstorm that struck the Rotterdam-Brussels-Cologne metropolitan region on July 14, 2021. The study found that the interplay of large-scale climate and local-scale urbanization intensified the storm, causing more rainfall than either climate or urbanization on its own. |
| Risk of overactive bladder associated with medications for dementia Posted: 06 Jan 2022 12:24 PM PST A study evaluating the risk of overactive bladder as a side effect of cholinesterase inhibitor drugs taken for dementia and Alzheimer's disease, finds that one drug -- Donepezil -- is linked to increased risk of the distressing side effect. |
| Posted: 06 Jan 2022 08:15 AM PST Using data from over 300 patient tumors, researchers have described 12 classes of 'immune archetypes' to classify cancer tumors. Their findings reveal that cancers from different parts of the body are immunologically similar to one another. These classifications provide unique strategies for enhancing each patient's choice of cancer immunotherapies. |
| Preserving the goods: A new technique for isolating intact lysosomes from cell cultures Posted: 06 Jan 2022 08:00 AM PST Lysosomes are organelles that play essential roles in cellular digestion and waste management, and lysosomal dysfunction typically leads to serious diseases. In a recent study, scientists developed a novel technique to extract intact lysosomes from cells using magnetic nanoparticles. Their approach is much faster than previous methods and yields samples with high purity, allowing for a better understanding of lysosomes and their metabolites and, hopefully, paving the way to treatments for lysosomal disorders. |
| Healthful food for children is the same as for adults Posted: 06 Jan 2022 07:03 AM PST There is no difference between healthful foods for adults and for children aged 2 and older, except for age-appropriate adjustments in texture and portion size, according to experts in nutrition. |
| Marijuana users’ risk of deadly complication doubles after rare type of bleeding stroke Posted: 06 Jan 2022 07:03 AM PST Among adults with a certain type of bleeding stroke, those who used marijuana within the last 3-30 days were more than twice as likely to develop a serious stroke complication that increases the risk of death and disability. The study is the largest to examine the impact of THC, the mood-changing ingredient in marijuana, on complications after a bleeding stroke. |
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