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ScienceDaily: Top Health News |
| Shape-morphing microrobots deliver drugs to cancer cells Posted: 17 Nov 2021 07:38 AM PST Chemotherapy successfully treats many forms of cancer, but the side effects can wreak havoc on the rest of the body. Delivering drugs directly to cancer cells could help reduce these unpleasant symptoms. Now, in a proof-of-concept study, researchers have made fish-shaped microrobots that are guided with magnets to cancer cells, where a pH change triggers them to open their mouths and release their chemotherapy cargo. |
| Perceptual links between sound and shape may unlock origins of spoken words Posted: 17 Nov 2021 07:01 AM PST Most people around the world agree that the made-up word 'bouba' sounds round in shape, and the made-up word 'kiki' sounds pointy -- a discovery that may help to explain how spoken languages develop, according to a new study. Language scientists have discovered that this effect exists independently of the language that a person speaks or the writing system that they use, and it could be a clue to the origins of spoken words. |
| Making the wait less arduous for toddlers Posted: 17 Nov 2021 07:01 AM PST When toddlers have to wait, it often leads to negative affect, as they can't yet regulate their emotions. Psychologists set out to find out how to help them. Is temperament a factor that influences toddler behavior while waiting? Whom can children imitate in order to cope better with long waits? They concluded that, left to their own devices, children prefer activities which correspond to their temperament. Toddlers were able to learn to distract themselves by observing a stranger and generalized the observed behavior. |
| New holographic camera sees the unseen with high precision Posted: 17 Nov 2021 07:01 AM PST Northwestern University researchers have invented a new high-resolution camera that can see the unseen -- including around corners and through scattering media, such as skin, fog or potentially even the human skull. |
| Arterial stiffness in adolescence may potentially cause hypertension and obesity in young adulthood Posted: 17 Nov 2021 07:00 AM PST Arterial stiffness is a novel risk factor to be targeted for preventing and treating hypertension and obesity from a young age, a new study suggests. |
| Exercise increases the body’s own ‘cannabis-like' substance which reduces chronic inflammation Posted: 17 Nov 2021 07:00 AM PST Exercise increases the body's own cannabis-like substances, which in turn helps reduce inflammation and could potentially help treat certain conditions such as arthritis, cancer and heart disease. |
| New approach could overcome fungal resistance to current treatments Posted: 17 Nov 2021 07:00 AM PST Current medications aren't particularly effective against fungi. The situation is becoming more challenging because these organisms are developing resistance to antimicrobial treatments, just as bacteria are. Now, researchers report that they have identified compounds that tackle these infections in a new way -- by interfering with fungal enzymes required for fatty acid synthesis -- potentially opening the door to better therapies. |
| Artificial intelligence successfully predicts protein interactions Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:51 PM PST Researchers used artificial intelligence (AI) and evolutionary analysis to produce 3D models of eukaryotic protein interactions. The study identified more than 100 probable protein complexes for the first time and provided structural models for more than 700 previously uncharacterized ones. Insights into the ways pairs or groups of proteins fit together to carry out cellular processes could lead to a wealth of new drug targets. |
| Research in mice shows how diet alters immune system function through a gut microbe Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST Research in mice demonstrates how diet alters a gut microbe molecule that, in turn, prompts immune cells to downregulate inflammation. The study elucidates molecular mechanism behind long-standing belief that diet, microbiota, and immunity influence one another in myriad ways. If affirmed in larger animals and humans, the findings could inform the design of small-molecule drugs that regulate immune response to treat inflammatory conditions |
| Why drug used to treat critically ill COVID-19 patients may only benefit males Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST A new study shows how dexamethasone, the main treatment for severe COVID-19 lung infections, alters how immune cells work, which may help male patients, but has little to no benefit for females. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST A study of more than 200,000 U.S adults hospitalized with COVID-19 finds that, overall, patients taking immunosuppressive drugs do not face increased risk of being put on a ventilator or death. |
| New screening process could lead to next-generation therapeutics for a broad spectrum of diseases Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST Researchers have developed a high-throughput screen methodology to identify compounds affect a key G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) rhodopsin (Rh). GPCRs mediate many important physiological functions and are considered to be one of the most effective therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from diabetes to immune system disorders. |
| Common gene variants linked to sepsis and COVID-19 severity in African Americans Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:50 PM PST Two genetic risk variants that are carried by nearly 40 percent of Black individuals may exacerbate the severity of both sepsis and COVID-19, researchers have found. |
| Ever been lost in the grocery store? Researchers are closer to knowing why it happens Posted: 16 Nov 2021 02:47 PM PST A new study suggests that the brain differentiates very similar environments -- such as two stores from the same supermarket chain -- as if they were even more different than two places that are nothing alike. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 12:23 PM PST Using a new model of brain activity, computational neuroscientists are exploring striking bursts of activity in the human brain that have not been examined before. These bursts may have potential to serve as biomarkers for brain disease and conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, dementia, and ADHD. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 12:23 PM PST Researchers have revealed a striking pattern following a functional screen of extracts from plants collected in Muir Woods National Monument, in coastal redwood forest land in California. They found plants with a long history of use by Native Americans as topical analgesics, were often also used as gastrointestinal aids. |
| Coffee and tea drinking may be associated with reduced rates of stroke and dementia Posted: 16 Nov 2021 11:48 AM PST Drinking coffee or tea may be associated with a lower risk of stroke and dementia, according to a new study. Drinking coffee was also associated with a lower risk of post-stroke dementia. |
| A better-fitting molecular ‘belt’ for making new drugs Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:17 AM PST The most common pharmaceuticals on the market are made by chaining together rings of molecules to create the drugs that treat conditions including pain, depression and leukemia. But creating those rings and forming them in a way that is tailored to each individual disease has always been a cumbersome and expensive process in medicinal chemistry. New research proposes a way to simplify that transformation. The discovery will likely make it easier to produce new drug candidates, the researchers say. |
| Toward 'off-the-shelf’ immune cell therapy for cancer Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:17 AM PST Immunotherapies, which harness the body's natural defenses to combat disease, have revolutionized the treatment of aggressive and deadly cancers. But often, these therapies -- especially those based on immune cells -- must be tailored to the individual patient, costing valuable time and pushing their price into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. |
| In spreading politics, videos may not be much more persuasive than their text-based counterparts Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:16 AM PST Video clips are only modestly more persuasive to audiences than the written word is, according to researchers who conducted an experiment about political misinformation. |
| Researchers develop rapid computer software to track pandemics as they happen Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:15 AM PST Researchers have created lightning-fast computer software that can help nations track and analyze pandemics, like the one caused by COVID-19, before they spread like wildfire around the globe. |
| Neuroscientists illuminate how brain cells 'navigate' in the light and dark Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:14 AM PST Researchers have discovered how individual and networks of cells in an area of the brain called the retrosplenial cortex encode this angular head motion in mice to enable navigation both during the day and at night. |
| Immune cells against COVID-19 stay high in number six months after vaccination, study shows Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:14 AM PST A recent study provides evidence that CD4+ T lymphocytes -- immune system cells also known as helper T cells -- produced by people who received either of the two available messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines for COVID-19 persist six months after vaccination at only slightly reduced levels from two weeks after vaccination and are at significantly higher levels than for those who are unvaccinated. |
| Older-looking brains linked to lower birth weight and genes Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST In brain scans of almost 1500 people throughout Europe, researchers found that people with 'older-looking' brains had both lower birth weight and genes for smaller brains, compared with those with normal aging brains. Both these factors are present early in life, indicating that your 'brain age' is mostly related to early life influences and not so much on events that happen later in life. |
| Precise blood pressure control may aid patient recovery from spinal injury Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST High or low blood pressure in patients during surgery to repair a spinal cord injury may contribute to poorer outcomes, suggests a study published in eLife. |
| Air pollution decrease in India during COVID-19 lockdown not as high as originally thought Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Observational data shows air pollution in India decreased drastically in the first COVID-19 lockdown when emissions from vehicles naturally declined, but researchers say those numbers only tell part of the story -- blue skies and an absence of visible smog can be deceiving and hide pollutants that could potentially cause health issues. |
| The prostate cancer cell that got away Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Researchers have pioneered a new method to track the progression of prostate cancer in mice, from its birth to its spread into other tissues. This approach allows researchers to study the origins of prostate cancer in a more realistic context than traditional methods allow. |
| Microtissue system allows study of deadly lung disease Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Amid the COVID-19 pandemic and rising air pollution levels, incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is anticipated to rise, urgently increasing the need for strong model systems. Researchers describe a 3D cell culturing platform that allows study of lung fibroblasts and their microenvironment. The platform enables measurement of cell behaviors and microenvironment changes involved in the disease progression of IPF, and the platform's size and simplicity make it suitable for use in high-throughput drug screening protocols. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Researchers have modeled that pollutant emissions from the shipping sector increased significantly in major international seaports during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Scientists are turning to genomics to better understand the epidemiology of malaria and to inform control and elimination interventions and strategies. In the Lake Victoria region of Kenya, malaria burden remains very high despite more than a decade of intense control activities. A team of researchers generated whole Plasmodium falciparum genome sequences from the lake region. Their analyses revealed that malaria parasites from this region appear distinct from other parasites from East Africa, while frequencies of known drug resistance markers were similar to those in other East African parasite populations. |
| Diet trumps drugs for anti-aging and good metabolic health Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST A study comparing the impact of diet versus drugs on the inner workings of our cells has found nutrition has a much stronger impact. |
| New gene identified that contributes to progression to type 1 diabetes Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:29 AM PST When the pro-inflammatory pair, a receptor called CCR2 and its ligand CCL-2, get together, it increases the risk of developing type 1 diabetes, scientists report. |
| Medical training takes a mental toll, but less than a decade ago Posted: 15 Nov 2021 06:29 PM PST A 13-year effort to track the mental health of new doctors in their most stressful time of training shows signs that things have gotten better. But those first-year residents, also called interns, still have a sizable risk of developing depression. And many who do still don't seek help. |
| Scientists identify second HIV patient whose body appears to have rid itself of the virus Posted: 15 Nov 2021 06:29 PM PST In 2020, an untreated HIV patient was identified with no intact copies of HIV genomes in more than 1.5 billion blood cells analyzed, suggesting the virus had been cleared from the patient's body. Researchers now report a second untreated person living with HIV who had no evidence of intact HIV genomes in more than 1.5 billion blood and tissue cells analyzed. |
| Can we tell someone’s cultural group from the way they laugh? Posted: 15 Nov 2021 01:54 PM PST Can we infer someone's cultural group from their laugher, even when we do not know what they are laughing at? And what kind of laughter do we find most positive? A new study shows that our laughter gives us away. The study included Dutch and Japanese producers of laughter and listeners. Listeners could detect whether a laughing person is from their own or another cultural group by only hearing a brief laughter segment. Spontaneous laughter was rated as most positive by both groups. |
| Milvexian an effective and safe oral pill for prevention of venous blood clots, says study Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST Researchers compared milvexian with enoxaparin for prevention of blood clots in 1,242 patients from 18 countries undergoing knee replacement surgery who were enrolled between June 2019 and February 2021. They found that at a total daily dose of 100 mg or more, milvexian resulted in better clot protection but no increase in bleeding compared with enoxaparin, the control drug. Milvexian was evaluated in daily doses ranging from 25 to 400 mg; there was no increase in bleeding over this wide range of doses. |
| Clinician peer networks remove race and gender bias Posted: 15 Nov 2021 05:25 AM PST Network science can be used to remove race and gender bias in clinical settings, according to a new study. The findings suggest an effective new way to ensure safer, more equitable health care for women and minorities through managing clinician peer networks. |
| Do-It-Yourself artificial pancreas given approval by team of experts Posted: 14 Nov 2021 05:18 PM PST More than 40 healthcare professionals and legal experts have issued the first guidance of its kind to support people with type 1 diabetes using Do-it-Yourself (DIY) technology driven systems to manage their condition. |
| How surviving cancer as a child affects lifelong health Posted: 14 Nov 2021 05:18 PM PST The researchers are now calling for these long-term health effects to be considered when young people and their families discuss treatment options with their healthcare team initially. The study found that people who survived cancer had five times as many GP or hospital visits relating to cardiovascular disease by age 45, as a matched control group of people who had not had cancer early in life. They also had much higher numbers of healthcare visits relating to infections, disorders of the immune system, and subsequent cancers. |
| Posted: 14 Nov 2021 05:17 PM PST In a study with lab-grown mouse cells, researchers say they have found that a protein that helps form a structural network under the surface of the cell's 'command center' -- its nucleus -- is key to ensuring that DNA inside it remains orderly. |
| New approach provides potential vaccine and treatment for Alzheimer’s Posted: 14 Nov 2021 05:17 PM PST A promising new approach to potentially treat Alzheimer's disease -- and also vaccinate against it -- has been developed by a team of scientists. |
| Penicillin significantly reduces rheumatic heart disease progression in children Posted: 13 Nov 2021 03:14 PM PST A regular, affordable antibiotic treatment significantly reduced the risk of underlying rheumatic heart disease progression in children and adolescents, according to a new study. |
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