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ScienceDaily: Top Health News |
| Meningitis: Researchers find possible treatment strategy without antibiotics Posted: 18 Oct 2021 02:22 PM PDT Meningitis is a very serious brain infection with limited treatment options. In a new study performed in rats, researchers present an alternative treatment based on immune cells that helps rinse away toxins that accumulate during the infection. |
| New active agent against parasites Posted: 18 Oct 2021 02:22 PM PDT Researchers have identified a chemical compound that may be suitable as an active agent against several different unicellular parasites. Among these are the pathogens that cause malaria and toxoplasmosis. The point of attack for this promising substance is the protein tubulin: It helps cells divide and therefore is essential for the multiplication of the parasites. |
| Posted: 18 Oct 2021 02:22 PM PDT A new study has uncovered neuronal circuitry in the brain of rodents that may play an important role in mediating pain-induced anhedonia -- a decrease in motivation to perform reward-driven behaviors. Researchers were able to change the activity of this circuit and restore levels of motivation in a pre-clinical model of pain tested in rodents. |
| Neuroinflammation protein linked to worse survival in men with glioblastoma Posted: 18 Oct 2021 12:06 PM PDT Scientists have discovered a new link that could bring the scientific and medical community closer to understanding why glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor, is deadlier in males than females. |
| Powerful technique allows scientists to study how proteins change shape inside cells Posted: 18 Oct 2021 12:06 PM PDT The scientists' new 'binder-tag' technique allows researchers to pinpoint and track proteins that are in a desired shape or 'conformation,' and to do so in real time inside living cells. The scientists demonstrated the technique in, essentially, movies that track the active version of an important signaling protein -- a molecule, in this case, important for cell growth. |
| People love the billionaire, but hate the billionaires’ club Posted: 18 Oct 2021 12:06 PM PDT Americans may respect and admire how individual billionaires -- think Oprah Winfrey or Bill Gates -- made their billions, even as they rage against the "top 1%" as a group, new research finds. |
| Posted: 18 Oct 2021 11:17 AM PDT A new study in mice has identified new treatment targets for glaucoma, including preventing a severe pediatric form of glaucoma, as well as uncovering a possible new class of therapy for the most common form of glaucoma in adults. |
| So-called junk DNA plays critical role in mammalian development Posted: 18 Oct 2021 11:05 AM PDT Despite the prevalent view that some 98% of our genome is junk DNA, new research shows that one piece of junk DNA -- the promoter of a virus-based transposon -- plays a critical role in cell proliferation and timing of embryo implantation in mice. The group found virus-based promoters linked to genes involved in development in other mammals, including humans, suggesting that transposons have been broadly repurposed for important regulatory roles. |
| How the brain navigates cities Posted: 18 Oct 2021 08:25 AM PDT A study suggests our brains are not optimized to calculate the shortest possible route when navigating on foot. Instead, pedestrians use vector-based navigation, choosing 'pointiest' paths that point most directly toward their destination, even if the routes are longer. |
| Fasting is required to see the full benefit of calorie restriction in mice Posted: 18 Oct 2021 08:25 AM PDT Over the last few decades, scientists have discovered that long-term calorie restriction provides a wealth of benefits in animals. Researchers have largely assumed that reduced food intake drove these benefits by reprogramming metabolism. But a new study finds that reduced calorie intake alone is not enough; fasting is essential for mice to derive full benefit. |
| The human immune system is an early riser Posted: 18 Oct 2021 08:24 AM PDT Circadian clocks, which regulate most of the physiological processes of living beings over a rhythm of about 24 hours, are one of the most fundamental biological mechanisms. By deciphering the cell migration mechanisms underlying the immune response, scientists have shown that the activation of the immune system is modulated according to the time of day. Indeed, the migration of immune cells from the skin to the lymph nodes oscillates over a 24-hours period. Immune function is highest in the resting phase, just before activity resumes -- in the afternoon for mice, which are nocturnal animals, and early morning for humans. These results suggest that the time of day should possibly be taken into account when administering vaccines or immunotherapies against cancer, in order to increase their effectiveness. |
| Mammalian motivation circuits: Maybe they’re born with it Posted: 18 Oct 2021 08:24 AM PDT Are animals born to seek rewards or avoid punishment? Researchers found that mice have pre-programmed neurons and circuits that process 'positive' and 'negative' stimuli. Their findings may be useful for studying neurological and psychiatric disorders in humans. |
| Developing a treatment for vision loss through transplant of photoreceptor precursors Posted: 18 Oct 2021 07:59 AM PDT A recent study examining the therapeutic potential of photoreceptor precursors, derived from clinically compliant induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), has demonstrated the safety and therapeutic potential of clinically compliant iPSC-derived photoreceptor precursors as a cell replacement source for future clinical trials. |
| Aging breast tissue could set the stage for invasive breast cancer Posted: 18 Oct 2021 07:59 AM PDT A new study examines how the extracellular matrix (ECM) -- an underlying network of molecules and proteins that provide the structure for tissue growth -- can trigger invasive cancer-related genes. |
| Artificial chromosomes study sheds light on gene therapies Posted: 18 Oct 2021 07:00 AM PDT A research team led by Dr Karen Wing Yee YUEN, Associate Professor from the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Hong Kong (HKU), revealed the mechanism of artificial chromosome (AC) formation in the embryos of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, a 1-mm long, transparent nematode. |
| Challenges and lessons learned caring for diverse, vulnerable populations in the ER Posted: 18 Oct 2021 05:23 AM PDT Interviews with two dozen emergency medicine residents in academic medical center found most placed importance on learning to deliver high-quality care to diverse populations. However, many did not feel their programs made enough effort to incorporate effective cultural competency education into the curriculum. |
| Our brains have a 'fingerprint' too Posted: 15 Oct 2021 03:42 PM PDT An EPFL scientist has pinpointed the signs of brain activity that make up our brain fingerprint, which -- like our regular fingerprint -- is unique. |
| Posted: 14 Oct 2021 11:20 AM PDT Based on an investigation of nearly 625,000 births in Israel over a five-year period, new study suggests that excessive heat and cold during specific time windows of pregnancy are linked to lower birth weight. |
| Disease outbreak simulations reveal influence of 'seeding' by multiple infected people Posted: 14 Oct 2021 11:19 AM PDT A new computational analysis suggests that, beyond the initial effect of one infected person arriving and spreading disease to a previously uninfected population, the continuous arrival of more infected individuals has a significant influence on the evolution and severity of the local outbreak. |
| Measles: Activation of two different innate immune responses spotted Posted: 14 Oct 2021 11:19 AM PDT Researchers have described a novel host strategy for combating viruses such as measles virus that affect the mitochondria, structures within the cell. The presence of the RNA genome of the measles virus activates one pathway of innate immunity, and the release of mitochondrial DNA into the cell through the action of the virus also triggers a separate pathway dependent on a molecule known as cGAS. |
| Statins linked to reduced risk of death from COVID-19 in major population study Posted: 14 Oct 2021 11:18 AM PDT Statins are a recommended and common intervention for preventing cardiovascular events by reducing levels of lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood. During the pandemic, it has been debated whether statins influence the risk of death from COVID-19. Researchers have now conducted the largest population study to date in the field. The study indicates that statin treatment slightly lowers COVID-19 mortality. |
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