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ScienceDaily: Top Health News |
| Engineering T cells to attack cancer broadly Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:04 AM PDT This study builds on decades of work showing that the protein IL-24 attacks cancer broadly, and is the first to deliver the protein using T cells. This approach is in contrast to CAR-T cells, which are built to recognize proteins on the surface of cancer cells and haven't been successful against solid tumors. Mice with prostate cancer experienced shrinkage of the original tumor as well as distant metastases following treatment with IL-24 T cells. |
| Move over CRISPR, the Retrons are coming Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:04 AM PDT Researchers have created a new gene editing tool called Retron Library Recombineering (RLR) that can generate up to millions of mutations simultaneously, and 'barcodes' mutant bacterial cells so that the entire pool can be screened at once. It can be used in contexts where CRISPR is toxic or not feasible, and results in better editing rates. |
| Light as a fairy tale: What makes a feel-good film feel good? Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:04 AM PDT 'Feel-good films' are usually dismissed by film critics as being sentimental and without intellectual merit. But their popularity with audiences, who seek them out precisely because of their 'feel-good' qualities, tells a more favorable story. Now, for the first time, this popular movie genre has been examined scientifically. |
| Hippocampal maps predict context-dependent behavior Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:03 AM PDT Successful navigation requires the ability to separate memories in a context-dependent manner. For example, to find lost keys, one must first remember whether the keys were left in the kitchen or the office. How does the human brain retrieve the contextual memories that drive behavior? |
| Fiber-optic ultrasonic imaging probe for future nanoscale disease diagnostics Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:03 AM PDT Scientists have developed an ultrasonic imaging system, which can be deployed on the tip of a hair-thin optical fiber, and will be insertable into the human body to visualize cell abnormalities in 3D. |
| Shortage of DNA building blocks in the cell releases mitochondrial DNA Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:03 AM PDT Mitochondria are the energy suppliers of our body cells. These tiny cell components have their own genetic material, which triggers an inflammatory response when released into the interior of the cell. The reasons for the release are not yet known, but some cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases as well as the ageing process are linked to the mitochondrial genome. Researchers have investigated the reasons for the release of mitochondrial genetic material and found a direct link to cellular metabolism: when the cell's DNA building blocks are in short supply, mitochondria release their genetic material and trigger inflammation. The researchers hope to find new therapeutic approaches by influencing this metabolic pathway. |
| 'Pokemonas': Bacteria related to lung parasites discovered, named after Pokémon Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:03 AM PDT 'Pokemonas' live in round amoebae, similar to Pokémon, which are caught inside balls in the popular video game. |
| Diverse spectrum of neurons that govern movement Posted: 30 Apr 2021 06:32 AM PDT Researchers have identified and mapped a diverse spectrum of motor neurons along the spinal cord. |
| New genetic target for blood cancer treatment Posted: 30 Apr 2021 06:32 AM PDT Researchers have identified a vulnerability in some cases of acute myeloid leukaemia that could be harnessed for targeted treatment of these poor-prognosis cancers. |
| Treatment found to improve cognitive function in patients with fragile X syndrome Posted: 29 Apr 2021 11:26 AM PDT An experimental treatment produced improvements in cognitive function and language in patients with fragile X syndrome, according to new study results. |
| How diet controls RNA maturation Posted: 29 Apr 2021 11:26 AM PDT Particularly sensitive to chemical modifications, mRNAs are molecules responsible for transmitting the information encoded in our genome, allowing for the synthesis of proteins. Two teams have focused on a specific type of chemical modification - called methylation - of mRNA molecules in the small worm Caenorhabditis elegans. They found that methylation on a particular sequence of an mRNA leads to its degradation and that this control mechanism depends on the worm's diet. |
| How meningitis-causing bacteria may sense fever to avoid immune killing Posted: 29 Apr 2021 11:26 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a mechanism through which meningitis-causing bacteria can evade our immune system. In laboratory tests, they found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae respond to increasing temperatures by producing safeguards that keep them from getting killed. This may prime their defenses against our immune system and increase their chances of survival, the researchers say. |
| Multi-drug resistant infection about to evolve within cystic fibrosis patients Posted: 29 Apr 2021 11:26 AM PDT Scientists have been able to track how a multi-drug resistant organism is able to evolve and spread widely among cystic fibrosis patients - showing that it can evolve rapidly within an individual during chronic infection. The researchers say their findings highlight the need to treat patients with Mycobacterium abscessus infection immediately, counter to current medical practice. |
| A third of kids develop a mental health problem after concussion Posted: 29 Apr 2021 11:26 AM PDT A third of children and adolescents develop a mental health problem after a concussion, which could persist for several years post-injury, according to a new literature review. |
| Risk of developmental difficulties remains high among children born early Posted: 28 Apr 2021 04:27 PM PDT Children born preterm (before 37 weeks of pregnancy) remain at high risk of developmental difficulties that can affect their behavior and ability to learn, finds a new study. |
| Structural changes in snap-frozen proteins Posted: 28 Apr 2021 01:25 PM PDT Researchers have succeeded in ultra-fast freezing proteins after a precisely defined period of time. They were able to follow structural changes on the microsecond time scale and with sub-nanometer precision. Owing to its high spatial and temporal resolution, the method allows tracking rapid structural changes in enzymes and nucleic acids. |
| Childhood psychiatric symptom risk strongly linked to adverse exposures during gestation Posted: 28 Apr 2021 11:09 AM PDT Adverse environmental exposures during pregnancy -- including those that occur before pregnancy is recognized -- have a sizable effect on risk for psychiatric symptoms in childhood. Researchers are working to discover, develop and implement early life interventions that can mitigate some of these risks. |
| Driving behaviors harbor early signals of dementia Posted: 28 Apr 2021 10:29 AM PDT Using naturalistic driving data and machine learning techniques, researchers have developed highly accurate algorithms for detecting mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older drivers. Naturalistic driving data refer to data captured through in-vehicle recording devices or other technologies in the real-world setting. These data could be processed to measure driving exposure, space and performance in great detail. |
| Protein linked to sex differences in age-related dopamine neuron loss Posted: 28 Apr 2021 08:37 AM PDT Across fruit flies, rodents and humans, levels of glutamate transporter in dopamine neurons determine the individual's vulnerability to age-related neurologic disorders. |
| Cancer-linked mutation accelerates growth of abnormal stroke-causing brain blood vessels Posted: 28 Apr 2021 08:37 AM PDT Researchers have discovered an explanation for why cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) -- clusters of dilated blood vessels in the brain -- can suddenly grow to cause seizures or stroke. Specifically, they found that a specific, acquired mutation in a cancer-causing gene (PIK3CA) could exacerbate existing CCMs in the brain. Furthermore, repurposing an already existing anticancer drug showed promise in mouse models of CCMs in improving brain-vascular health and preventing bleeding into the brain tissue. |
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