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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
| Methods from weather forecasting can be adapted to assess risk of COVID-19 exposure Posted: 23 Jun 2022 01:43 PM PDT Engineers can adapt weather forecasting models to give individuals a personalized assessment of their risk of exposure to COVID-19 or other diseases. |
| Proactive approaches needed to enable ecosystems to adapt to climate change Posted: 23 Jun 2022 01:43 PM PDT As the need to address climate change becomes increasingly urgent so too does the concurrent need for proactive stewardship of the Earth's rapidly changing biosphere, according to new research. |
| Coastal marsh migration may further fuel climate change Posted: 23 Jun 2022 12:37 PM PDT As rising sea levels cause marshes to move inland in six mid-Atlantic states, coastal habitats will not serve as a carbon sink but instead will release more carbon into the atmosphere, a new modeling study finds. The research raises questions about the persistence of coastal habitats' carbon benefits in the face of sea level rise. |
| Microplastic pollution in Montana's flathead lake Posted: 23 Jun 2022 12:37 PM PDT Scientists have a greater understanding of the amount of microplastics polluting Flathead Lake, the likely sources of these microplastics and what can be done to prevent more from finding their way into the lake's world-renowned pristine water. |
| Many human genomes shaped by past events that caused sharp dips in the population, study finds Posted: 23 Jun 2022 11:05 AM PDT The genomes of many human populations show evidence of founder events, which occur when a small number of initial members start a new population, and can lead to low genetic diversity as well as increase the risk of certain genetic diseases in the new population. |
| Giant bacteria found in Guadeloupe mangroves challenge traditional concepts Posted: 23 Jun 2022 11:05 AM PDT Researchers describe the morphological and genomic features of a ''macro' microbe' -- a giant filamentous bacterium composed of a single cell discovered in the mangroves of Guadeloupe. Using various microscopy techniques, the team also observed novel, membrane-bound compartments that contain DNA clusters dubbed 'pepins.' |
| Humans can't, but turtles can: Reduce weakening and deterioration with age Posted: 23 Jun 2022 11:05 AM PDT Evolutionary theories of ageing predict that all living organisms weaken and deteriorate with age (a process known as senescence) -- and eventually die. Now, researchers show that certain animal species, such as turtles (including tortoises) may exhibit slower or even absent senescence when their living conditions improve. |
| Secrets of aging revealed in largest study on longevity, aging in reptiles and amphibians Posted: 23 Jun 2022 11:05 AM PDT An international team of 114 scientists reports the most comprehensive study of aging and longevity to date of reptiles and amphibians worldwide. Among their many findings, they document for the first time that turtles, crocodilians and salamanders have particularly low aging rates and extended lifespans for their sizes. The team also finds that protective phenotypes, such as the hard shells of most turtle species, contribute to slower aging, and in some cases even 'negligible aging' -- or lack of biological aging. |
| Silence for thought: Special interneuron networks in the human brain Posted: 23 Jun 2022 11:05 AM PDT Scientists map prominent differences in the neural circuits of mice, monkeys, and human. |
| Climate changes lead to water imbalance, conflict in Tibetan Plateau Posted: 23 Jun 2022 11:01 AM PDT Climate change is putting an enormous strain on global water resources, and according to researchers, the Tibetan Plateau is suffering from a water imbalance so extreme that it could lead to an increase in international conflicts. |
| Artificial photosynthesis can produce food without sunshine Posted: 23 Jun 2022 09:26 AM PDT Scientists have found a way to bypass the need for biological photosynthesis altogether and create food independent of sunlight by using artificial photosynthesis. The technology uses a two-step electrocatalytic process to convert carbon dioxide, electricity, and water into acetate. Food-producing organisms then consume acetate in the dark to grow. The hybrid organic-inorganic system could increase the conversion efficiency of sunlight into food, up to 18 times more efficient for some foods. |
| Default options facilitate faster carbon offsetting in air travel Posted: 23 Jun 2022 08:10 AM PDT Economists find that many air travelers more readily choose faster, but more expensive carbon offsetting options online if selecting a slower option requires action. However, the readiness to do so decreases as the gap between the most and the least expensive option increases. |
| Shedding light on the impact of microplastics on lentil seedling growth Posted: 23 Jun 2022 08:09 AM PDT Microplastic pollution is known to negatively impact seed germination and seedling growth. Although some studies have demonstrated the effects of microplastics on seed germination, the impact of microplastics on the internal biological activity of seeds remained unknown. Now, a group of researchers has used biospeckle optical coherence tomography to reveal that microplastics significantly hinder the internal activity in lentil seeds during germination and can lead to stunted growth at later stages. |
| Stretching of the continents drove ancient global warming event, say scientists Posted: 23 Jun 2022 08:09 AM PDT Scientists have discovered that stretching of the continents is likely to have caused one of the most extreme and abrupt episodes of global warming in Earth history. |
| It sucked to be the prey of ancient cephalopods Posted: 23 Jun 2022 08:09 AM PDT The Jurassic cephalopod Vampyronassa rhodanica, thought to be the oldest known ancestor of the modern-day vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis), was likely an active hunter -- a mode of life that is in contrast with its opportunistic descendant. Scientists came to this conclusion after analyzing microtomographic data of this rare fossil. |
| Inside the jellyfish's sting: Exploring the micro-architecture of a cellular weapon Posted: 23 Jun 2022 06:12 AM PDT Summertime beachgoers are all too familiar with the painful reality of a jellyfish sting. But how do the stinging cells of jellyfish and their coral and sea anemone cousins actually work? New research unveils a precise operational model for the stinging organelle of the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. The study involved the application of cutting-edge microscopic imaging technologies along with the development of a biophysical model to enable a comprehensive understanding of a mechanism that has remained elusive for over a century. |
| How climate change can significantly impact one of the world's most important carbon-rich ecosystems Posted: 23 Jun 2022 06:12 AM PDT Mangrove forests play a vital role in the health of our planet. The trees and shrubs absorb a substantial amount of greenhouse gas emissions, help protect communities from rising sea levels, and act as nurseries for baby fish. |
| Scientists decontaminate heavy metal water using protein from plant waste Posted: 23 Jun 2022 06:12 AM PDT Scientists have created a membrane made from a waste by-product of vegetable oil manufacturing, which can filter out heavy metals from contaminated water. In tests, they showed that this process of attraction, called adsorption, was able to purify contaminated water to a degree that meets international drinking standards. |
| Scarless skin grafting using mussel adhesive protein Posted: 23 Jun 2022 06:12 AM PDT A professor develops a bioadhesive based on the mussel adhesive protein for sutureless skin grafting. Skin regenerative effect maximized with controlled releases of dual drugs. |
| What did Megalodon eat? Anything it wanted -- including other predators. Posted: 22 Jun 2022 01:45 PM PDT Megalodon sharks, which went extinct about 3 million years ago, were three times longer than modern great white sharks and were apex predators at highest trophic level ever measured. Researchers used the traces of nitrogen trapped in shark tooth enamel to calculate the trophic levels of the prehistoric predators. |
| Indigenous communities used the Caribbean Sea as an aquatic highway Posted: 22 Jun 2022 01:45 PM PDT Researchers recently turned to pottery to tease apart the navigational history of the Caribbean, analyzing the composition of 96 fired clay fragments across 11 islands. The study was conducted in the Greater Antilles and marks the first time that pottery artifacts from the Lucayan Islands -- The Bahamas plus the Turks and Caicos Islands -- have been analyzed to determine their elemental composition and origin. |
| Where once were black boxes, new LANTERN illuminates Posted: 22 Jun 2022 01:45 PM PDT A new statistical tool for predicting protein function could help with tasks ranging from producing biofuels to improving crops to developing new disease treatments. Not only could it help with the difficult job of altering proteins in practically useful ways, but it also works by methods that are fully interpretable -- an advantage over conventional AI. |
| Process to customize molecules does double duty Posted: 22 Jun 2022 01:45 PM PDT Chemists developed a method to add two fragments to an alkene molecule in a single process. The discovery could simplify drug and materials design. |
| How humans evolved to get along (to extent that we do) Posted: 22 Jun 2022 11:19 AM PDT The research shows that four neighboring groups of bonobos they studied at the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve in the Democratic Republic of Congo maintained exclusive and stable social and spatial borders between them, showing they are indeed part of distinct social groups that interact regularly and peacefully with each other. |
| Posted: 22 Jun 2022 10:07 AM PDT To identify variations in climate across Maine wild blueberry fields at different times of the day and year, researchers analyzed annual and seasonal data from 1980-2020 for Washington, Hancock, Piscataquis, Waldo, Knox, Lincoln, Kennebec and York counties. They found that location, season and the time of day influence how fast temperatures are rising at wild blueberry fields due to climate change. |
| Deletion of Wt1 gene produces alterations in the reproductive organs of mice Posted: 22 Jun 2022 08:31 AM PDT The deletion of the Wt1 gene during the early stages of the embryonic reproductive organ formation leads to differences in sex development in adult mice, according to a new study. |
| Young adults with higher exposure to household air pollution show worse lung function Posted: 22 Jun 2022 08:31 AM PDT A new study has evaluated the link between air pollution and lung function of young adults who had recently attained their expected maximum lung function. The study found that participants with higher exposure to ambient and household air pollution had worse results in lung function tests. |
| When the world of nanotechnology and microbreweries meet Posted: 22 Jun 2022 08:31 AM PDT Researchers have shown that microbrewery waste can be used as a carbon source to synthesize quantum dots. |
| Can robotics help us achieve sustainable development? Posted: 22 Jun 2022 08:31 AM PDT Scientists have assessed how robotics and autonomous systems might facilitate or impede the delivery of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Their findings identify key opportunities and key threats that need to be considered while developing, deploying and governing robotics and autonomous systems. |
| Posted: 22 Jun 2022 08:31 AM PDT How hard can insects bite? Having a strong chewing apparatus makes it easier to crush harder food and to succeed in fights with enemies. Biologists now present a mobile system (forceX) for measuring the bite forces of small animals, along with the software forceR to evaluate the data. This allows to understand how bite forces, for example of insects, evolved. |
| Tree species diversity under pressure Posted: 22 Jun 2022 08:31 AM PDT A new global study of 46,752 tree species shows that many of them are under substantial pressure and poorly protected. The research team has also studied how this situation can be improved by ambitious and smart designation of new protected areas. |
| Tapping the ocean as a source of natural products Posted: 22 Jun 2022 08:31 AM PDT Using DNA data, researchers have examined seawater to find not only new species of bacteria, but also previously unknown natural products that may one day prove beneficial. |
| The secret lives of mites in the skin of our faces Posted: 22 Jun 2022 07:14 AM PDT A full DNA analysis of mites that live in the hair follicles of all humans reveals explanations for their bizarre mating habits, body features and evolutionary future. Inbreeding and isolation means they have shed genes and cells and are moving closer to a permanent existence with us. |
| No 'safest spot' to minimize risk of COVID-19 transmission on trains Posted: 22 Jun 2022 07:13 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated how airborne diseases such as COVID-19 spread along the length of a train carriage and found that there is no 'safest spot' for passengers to minimise the risk of transmission. |
| Custom suits for worms that really deliver Posted: 22 Jun 2022 07:13 AM PDT Researchers have found that nematodes can be coated with a protective hydrogel sheath that can be engineered to carry functional cargo. This system could potentially be developed to deliver anti-cancer drugs to tumors using worms with a natural predilection for human cancer cells. |
| Mugwort allergy: Study creates basis for vaccine Posted: 22 Jun 2022 07:13 AM PDT A research team has discovered key mechanisms of allergy to pollen from the common weed mugwort, thereby also laying the foundation for the development of the world's first vaccine. Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) poses a serious problem for allergic individuals in certain latitudes from July through to September. Currently, the symptoms, which often lead to asthma, can only be treated symptomatically. The recent findings are an essential first step toward causal therapy and prevention of mugwort pollen allergy. |
| PICASSO technique drives biological molecules into technicolor? Posted: 22 Jun 2022 07:13 AM PDT Pablo Picasso's surreal cubist artistic style shifted common features into unrecognizable scenes, but a new imaging approach bearing his namesake may elucidate the most complicated subject: the brain. Employing artificial intelligence to clarify spectral color blending of tiny molecules used to stain specific proteins and other items of research interest, the PICASSO technique, allows researchers to use more than 15 colors to image and parse our overlapping proteins. |
| Tiny fish-shaped robot 'swims' around picking up microplastics Posted: 22 Jun 2022 07:13 AM PDT Microplastics are found nearly everywhere on Earth and can be harmful to animals if they're ingested. But it's hard to remove such tiny particles from the environment, especially once they settle into nooks and crannies at the bottom of waterways. Now, researchers have created a light-activated fish robot that 'swims' around quickly, picking up and removing microplastics from the environment. |
| Reducing air pollution can support healthy brain development Posted: 22 Jun 2022 07:07 AM PDT A new study finds that having a portable air cleaner in the home can reduce the negative impacts of air pollution on brain development in children. Scientists are studying the benefits of using air filters to reduce exposure to air pollution during pregnancy, and assessed the impact on children's intelligence. |
| Researchers make virus-fighting face masks Posted: 21 Jun 2022 03:45 PM PDT Researchers have developed an accessible way to make N95 face masks not only effective barriers to germs, but on-contact germ killers. The antiviral, antibacterial masks can potentially be worn longer, causing less plastic waste as the masks do not need to be replaced as frequently. |
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