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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
| Scientists reveal genetic secrets of stress-tolerant mangrove trees Posted: 25 Oct 2021 02:21 PM PDT Researchers have decoded the genome of the mangrove tree, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, and revealed how this species regulates its genes in order to cope with stress. Their findings could one day be used to help other plants be more tolerant to stress. |
| Nearly 500 ancient ceremonial sites found in southern Mexico Posted: 25 Oct 2021 02:17 PM PDT A team of international researchers reported last year that they had uncovered the largest and oldest Maya monument -- Aguada Fénix. That same team has now uncovered nearly 500 smaller ceremonial complexes that are similar in shape and features to Aguada Fénix. The find transforms previous understanding of Mesoamerican civilization origins and the relationship between the Olmec and the Maya people. |
| Posted: 25 Oct 2021 08:37 AM PDT What are the origins of musical rhythm? Are humans the only mammals that have rhythm? Researchers have studied indris, the 'singing primates' from Madagascar to learn more. Indri songs recorded in the wild have rhythmic categories similar to those found in human music. Finding common musical traits across species may shed light on the biology and evolution of rhythm and music. |
| Posted: 25 Oct 2021 07:17 AM PDT Increased consumption of whole grain foods could significantly reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes and the costs associated with its treatment. |
| Researchers discover a way to increase the effectiveness of antibiotics Posted: 25 Oct 2021 07:17 AM PDT Researchers have found a way to make antibiotics more effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria - also known as 'superbugs. |
| Insect digestive enzyme activates sugar-containing plant defense substance Posted: 25 Oct 2021 07:17 AM PDT The degradation of plant defense substances by insect digestive enzymes can influence the insects' preference for certain food plants, a new study now shows for the first time. Scientists studied this phenomenon in larvae of the cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) and their food plant dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). |
| Genes may affect the level of harmful bacterial toxins in the bloodstream Posted: 25 Oct 2021 07:17 AM PDT Lipopolysaccharide, a virulence factor produced by bacteria, is a toxin that can cause a systemic inflammation via the circulation. In a recently completed study, genetic markers were discovered which are associated with a heightened lipopolysaccharide level in the blood. |
| Machine learning predicts antibiotic resistance spread Posted: 22 Oct 2021 02:15 PM PDT Genes aren't only inherited through birth. Bacteria have the ability to pass genes to each other, or pick them up from their environment, through a process called horizonal gene transfer, which is a major culprit in the spread of antibiotic resistance. |
| No ‘silver bullet’ for UK reaching net zero carbon emissions for electricity Posted: 22 Oct 2021 09:38 AM PDT CO2 emissions from electricity in the UK fell by two thirds in the last decade due to several factors working together, rather than a single panacea. |
| Shape of virus may determine RSV infection outcomes Posted: 22 Oct 2021 09:37 AM PDT Using a novel technology, researchers uncovered shape-shifting properties of a common respiratory virus. |
| Fighting multiple sclerosis with cold Posted: 22 Oct 2021 09:37 AM PDT In evolutionary biology, the 'Life History Theory,' first proposed in the 1950s, postulates that when the environment is favorable, the resources used by any organism are devoted for growth and reproduction. Conversely, in a hostile environment, resources are transferred to so-called maintenance programs, such as energy conservation and defense against external attacks. Scientists developed this idea to a specific field of medicine: the erroneous activation of the immune system that causes autoimmune diseases. By studying mice suffering from a model of multiple sclerosis, the research team succeeded in deciphering how exposure to cold pushed the organism to divert its resources from the immune system towards maintaining body heat. |
| Mechanism underlying the emergence of virus variants unraveled Posted: 22 Oct 2021 09:37 AM PDT Scientists have probed the molecular origins of recombination in RNA viruses. Hiccups during the copying process of viruses cause recombination to take place: the exchange of segments of viral RNA. While this can lead to the emergence of new virus variants, the mechanism can also be exploited to induce non-viable defective viruses |
| Fungal outbreak in marine mammals began on land Posted: 21 Oct 2021 02:51 PM PDT A study explores how human-caused changes on land can affect aquatic animals, specifically in the case of the fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus gattii. |
| It's not all-right: Problems when your body doesn't recognize your own left-handed RNA Posted: 21 Oct 2021 09:10 AM PDT By generating a specific mutation in lab mice, researchers determined that a protein domain in an enzyme called adenosine deaminase 1 p150 is necessary for binding and editing certain RNA molecules. Mutant mice showed inhibited growth after birth, as well as abnormally developed organs. Interestingly, their brains showed characteristics similar to encephalopathy seen in humans suffering from Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), a genetic inflammatory disorder. This work could help revolutionize treatment methods for AGS. |
| New PCR assays offer hope in the fight against the environmental spread of antimicrobial resistance Posted: 21 Oct 2021 09:10 AM PDT Researchers have successfully trialed two new qPCR assays to help detect the presence of transmissible AMR using water and wastewater samples. The scientists present a DNA-based testing method that provides a surrogate for monitoring AMR, which will make AMR screening cheaper and more accessible around the world. |
| Researchers target tumors with intracellular precision Posted: 21 Oct 2021 09:10 AM PDT A non-toxic, bacteria-based system can detect when it is inside a cancer cell and then release its payload of therapeutic drugs directly into the cell. The work could lead to effective, targeted therapies for currently untreatable cancers, such as liver or metastatic breast cancer. |
| Research identifies new family of marine 'megaphages' Posted: 21 Oct 2021 09:10 AM PDT Microbiologists have identified a new family of marine megaphages which could change understanding of Earth's carbon and nitrogen cycles. |
| How staphylococci protect themselves against antibiotics Posted: 21 Oct 2021 09:10 AM PDT The skin bacterium Staphylococcus aureus often develops antibiotic resistance. It can then cause infections that are difficult to treat. Researchers have now uncovered an ingenious way in which a certain strain of Staphylococcus aureus protects itself against the important antibiotic vancomycin. |
| Thirsty cities need a human/nature infrastructure combo Posted: 21 Oct 2021 09:09 AM PDT Scientists have taken a holistic approach to find that concrete alone doesn't make urban water ecosystem services sustainable. |
| Fingerprinting proteins with force Posted: 21 Oct 2021 09:09 AM PDT What if we could identify proteins as easily as we can sequence DNA and RNA? Perhaps soon we will, thanks to new DNA Nanoswitch Calipers. DNA Calipers create a unique 'fingerprint' for peptides (the building blocks of proteins) by repeatedly applying force to them to generate a series of distance measurements for each peptide. This innovation opens up a new avenue for pursuing the goal of single-cell proteomics, and enables potentially life-saving discoveries in human health and disease. |
| Scientists uncover a gene involved in sexual conflict in fruit flies Posted: 20 Oct 2021 05:37 PM PDT Sexual conflict in fruit flies is governed by specifically wired neurons in the brain which have been pinpointed by scientists. |
| Artificial scaffolds for studying plant cell growth Posted: 20 Oct 2021 12:04 PM PDT We cannot see how plants sense force, at least not yet. But a discovery by plant biologists at Washington University in St. Louis will help make it possible to study how mechanical forces, such as gravity, affect the way that plant cells form and grow. |
| Scientists discover how bacteria use liquid protein droplets to overcome stress Posted: 20 Oct 2021 12:04 PM PDT Scientists have revealed how bacteria make tiny liquid droplets from proteins to help them survive harsh environments and thus reduce their chances of being killed by antibiotics. |
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