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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
| How highly processed foods harm memory in the aging brain Posted: 14 Oct 2021 02:27 PM PDT Four weeks on a diet of highly processed food led to a strong inflammatory response in the brains of aging rats that was accompanied by behavioral signs of memory loss, a new study has found. Researchers also found that supplementing the processed diet with the omega-3 fatty acid DHA prevented memory problems and reduced the inflammatory effects almost entirely in older rats. |
| Big differences found in male and female jojoba plant sex genes Posted: 14 Oct 2021 11:20 AM PDT Hot desert sex has resulted in major genetic differences between male and female jojoba plants -- one of only 6 percent of plants that require a male and female plant to reproduce. New research suggests male and female jojoba plants have diverged so much, that the jojoba plant has more novel sex genes than any other known living organism. The discovery may help researchers develop a DNA test to identify male and female jojoba plants, which cannot be distinguished from each other as seedlings - and shed light on how plants adapt to environmental stress. |
| Posted: 14 Oct 2021 11:19 AM PDT Lizards can regrow severed tails, making them the closest relative to humans that can regenerate a lost appendage. But in lieu of the original tail that includes a spinal column and nerves, the replacement structure is an imperfect cartilage tube. Now, a study describes how stem cells can help lizards regenerate better tails. |
| Early modern human from Southeast Asia adapted to a rainforest environment Posted: 14 Oct 2021 11:19 AM PDT Although there has been evidence of our species living in rainforest regions in Southeast Asia from at least 70,000 years ago, the poor preservation of organic material in these regions limits how much we know about their diet and ecological adaptations to these habitats. An international team of scientists has now applied a new method to investigate the diet of fossil humans: the analysis of stable zinc isotopes from tooth enamel. This method proves particularly helpful to learn whether prehistoric humans and animals were primarily eating meat or plants. |
| Mammals on the menu: Snake dietary diversity exploded after mass extinction 66 million years ago Posted: 14 Oct 2021 11:19 AM PDT Modern snakes evolved from ancestors that lived side by side with the dinosaurs and that likely fed mainly on insects and lizards. |
| Mito warriors: Scientists discover how T cell assassins reload their weapons to kill and kill again Posted: 14 Oct 2021 11:18 AM PDT Researchers have discovered how T cells -- an important component of our immune system -- are able keep on killing as they hunt down and kill cancer cells, repeatedly reloading their toxic weapons. |
| By 2500 Earth could be alien to humans Posted: 14 Oct 2021 10:12 AM PDT To fully grasp and plan for climate impacts under any scenario, researchers and policymakers must look well beyond the 2100 benchmark. Unless CO2 emissions drop significantly, global warming by 2500 will make the Amazon barren, the American Midwest tropical, and India too hot to live in, according to a team of international scientists. |
| Scientists discover large rift in the Arctic’s last bastion of thick sea ice Posted: 14 Oct 2021 10:11 AM PDT In May 2020, a hole a little smaller than the state of Rhode Island opened up for two weeks in the Last Ice Area, a million-square-kilometer patch of sea ice north of Greenland and Ellesmere Island that's expected to be the last refuge of ice in a rapidly warming Arctic. The polynya is the first one that has been identified in this part of the Last Ice Area. |
| Lone changer: Fish camouflage better without friends nearby Posted: 14 Oct 2021 07:20 AM PDT While gobies aren't the only fish with camouflage abilities, new research shows that their colour change is influenced by their social context: they transform faster and better when alone. This is likely an adaptive, stress response to perceived threat from predators - with possible application to other camouflaging species. |
| Pesticide linked to chronic kidney disease Posted: 14 Oct 2021 07:01 AM PDT A commonly available pesticide has been associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). |
| Sense of smell is our most rapid warning system Posted: 14 Oct 2021 07:01 AM PDT The ability to detect and react to the smell of a potential threat is a precondition of our and other mammals' survival. Using a novel technique, researchers have been able to study what happens in the brain when the central nervous system judges a smell to represent danger. The study indicates that negative smells associated with unpleasantness or unease are processed earlier than positive smells and trigger a physical avoidance response. |
| Metabolic restoration in HIV-infected patients as a therapeutic approach Posted: 14 Oct 2021 07:01 AM PDT Medical researchers have shown that optimizing the energy metabolism of key cells enables people with HIV-1 to better defend themselves against the virus. |
| Improvements in microscopy home in on biology’s elusive details Posted: 13 Oct 2021 02:40 PM PDT Researchers are carrying the field of microscopy a step further, refining a technique known as cryogenic electron microscopy, or cryo-EM. |
| Tackling the collateral damage from antibiotics Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT Antibiotics help us to get rid of bacterial infections -- but they can also harm the helpful microbes residing in our guts. Researchers have analyzed the effects of 144 antibiotics on the well-being of our most common gut microbes. The study significantly improves our understanding of antibiotics' side effects and suggests a new approach to mitigating the adverse effects of antibiotics therapy on gut bacteria. |
| Freezing fruit flies for future function Posted: 13 Oct 2021 07:46 AM PDT Researchers demonstrate a new technique for the cryopreservation of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Frozen Drosophila primordial germ cells, which give rise to reproductive cells during development, may be thawed and implanted into host flies. This can lead to offspring that bear genetic characteristics of the donor flies. This technique offers a way to store Drosophila strains for future use, minimizing concerns regarding unwanted genetic mutations that may occur with long-term living culture. |
| Higher fasting ‘hunger hormone’ levels from healthy diet may improve heart health and metabolism Posted: 13 Oct 2021 06:41 AM PDT Fasting levels of the 'hunger hormone' ghrelin rebound after weight loss and can help reduce belly fat and improve the body's sensitivity to insulin, according to a new study. |
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