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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
| Smoke from nuclear war would devastate ozone layer, alter climate Posted: 13 Oct 2021 02:40 PM PDT The massive columns of smoke generated by a nuclear war would alter the world's climate for years and devastate the ozone layer, endangering both human health and food supplies, new research shows. The international study draws on newly developed computer climate modeling techniques to paint an even grimmer picture of a global nuclear war's aftermath than previous analyses. |
| Underwater gardens boost coral diversity to stave off ‘biodiversity meltdown’ Posted: 13 Oct 2021 12:22 PM PDT Researchers are building symbiotic 'underwater gardens' in the Pacific Ocean to show how different species of coral can work together to possibly restore degraded reefs. |
| Mosquito-based method to reduce dengue could be highly cost-effective in Singapore Posted: 13 Oct 2021 12:21 PM PDT New research suggests that dengue -- a viral infection spread by mosquitos -- could be suppressed in Singapore in a highly cost-effective manner through the release of mosquitos infected with the bacterium Wolbachia. |
| Solving mystery of rare cancers directly caused by HIV Posted: 13 Oct 2021 12:21 PM PDT For nearly a decade, scientists have known that HIV integrates itself into genes in cells that have the potential to cause cancer. And when this happens in animals with other retroviruses, those animals often develop cancer. But, perplexingly and fortunately, that isn't regularly happening in people living with HIV. A new study reveals why doctors aren't seeing high rates of T cell lymphomas -- or cancers of the immune system -- in patients with HIV. |
| Evidence of microtubules’ mechanosensitive behavior Posted: 13 Oct 2021 12:21 PM PDT Direct evidence that microtubules function as mechano-sensors and regulate the intracellular transport of molecules has been reported, leading to new possibilities in the fields of biomechanics, medicine, and biosensors. |
| Catching malaria evolution in the act Posted: 13 Oct 2021 09:27 AM PDT Researchers can now detect brand new mutations in individual malaria parasites infecting humans. Such high resolution could help us understand how parasites develop drug resistance and evade immune responses, and suggest potential treatment targets. |
| Immune system keeps the intestinal flora in balance Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:41 AM PDT Trillions of benign bacteria live in the intestine. They are kept in a continuous balance by the immune system, which thereby makes them harmless to humans. Researchers have been able to show how certain natural antibodies keep these bacteria in check. The findings could make an important contribution to the development of superior vaccines. |
| Stress on mothers can influence biology of future generations Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:41 AM PDT Biologists have found that mother roundworms can pass stress signals to future generations. The biologists report a mother roundworm exposed to a stressor can even under certain conditions pass the memory of that exposure to their grandchildren. |
| Scientists develop new strategy that rapidly quantifies transmissibility of COVID-19 variants Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new nanomechanical technique for fast, one-step, immune-affinity tests, which can quantify the immune response induced by different COVID-19 variants in serum. Their technique provides a new tool for tracking infection immunity over time and for analysing new vaccine candidates. |
| Primates’ ancestors may have left trees to survive asteroid Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT When an asteroid struck 66 million years ago and wiped out dinosaurs not related to birds and three-quarters of life on Earth, early ancestors of primates and marsupials were among the only tree-dwelling (arboreal) mammals that survived, according to a new study. |
| Photosynthesizing algae injected into the blood vessels of tadpoles supply oxygen to their brains Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT Leading a double life in water and on land, frogs have many breathing techniques -- through the gills, lungs, and skin -- over the course of their lifetime. Now scientists have developed another method that allows tadpoles to 'breathe' by introducing algae into their bloodstream to supply oxygen. The method provided enough oxygen to effectively rescue neurons in the brains of oxygen-deprived tadpoles. |
| Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT Human feces don't usually stick around for long -- and certainly not for thousands of years. But exceptions to this general rule are found in a few places in the world, including prehistoric salt mines of the Austrian UNESCO World Heritage area Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut. Now, researchers who've studied ancient fecal samples (or paleofeces) from these mines have uncovered some surprising evidence: the presence of two fungal species used in the production of blue cheese and beer. |
| Leprosy confirmed in wild chimpanzees Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT Leprosy has been found in wild chimpanzees. Researchers have confirmed cases of the disease among two unconnected West African populations of chimpanzees, in Guinea-Bissau and the Ivory Coast. |
| Crafting a 'sponge' for adsorbing and desorbing gas molecules Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT A group of researchers have created an unusual material -- a soft crystal made of molecules known as a catenanes-- that behaves in a novel way that could be used in applications such as films that capture carbon dioxide molecules. |
| Increases in extreme humid-heat disproportionately affect populated regions Posted: 13 Oct 2021 07:46 AM PDT The world is not only getting hotter but also more humid and new research shows people living in areas where humid-heat extremes are already a significant hazard are bearing the brunt of the impact. |
| A new single-atom catalyst can produce hydrogen from urea at an exceptional rate Posted: 13 Oct 2021 07:46 AM PDT A new single-atom catalyst can produce hydrogen from urea at an exceptional rate. Liquid nitrogen quenching introduces tensile-strain on the surface of oxide support, stabilizing ultra-high loading of single metal atom sites. |
| New technique combines single-cell and metagenomic analyses to characterize microbes Posted: 13 Oct 2021 07:46 AM PDT Metagenomic analysis has greatly advanced our understanding of the complex human microbiome without the need for extensive bacterial isolation and culturing. However, metagenome-assembled genomes may be imprecise and insufficiently differentiate closely related species. Now, researchers have developed a novel integrated framework that combines conventional metagenomics and single-cell genomics and can complement the lacunae in each approach, thus yielding better genome recovery and accurate resolution of complex microbial populations. |
| Posted: 13 Oct 2021 07:46 AM PDT The targeted manipulation of individual genes in zebrafish larvae changes their behavioral responses to visual stimuli and thus affects the collective behavior of the animals. |
| Lack of power grids sealed fate for early electric cars Posted: 13 Oct 2021 07:46 AM PDT New research shows that insufficient infrastructure was key in American car manufacturers choosing gasoline cars over electric cars in the early 20th century. If electricity grids had spread just 15 or 20 years earlier, a majority of producers would have likely opted for electric cars, according to the study. |
| Fewer frogs died by vehicles in the outset of the pandemic, study finds Posted: 13 Oct 2021 07:46 AM PDT Researchers discovered that 50 percent fewer frogs died from vehicle collisions in Maine in spring 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic began, that during the season in other recent years. They also found a broader decline in animal road fatalities in spring 2020, but not noble change in vehicle-related mortality among salamanders. |
| Warm milk makes you sleepy — peptides could explain why Posted: 13 Oct 2021 07:46 AM PDT According to time-honored advice, drinking a glass of warm milk at bedtime will encourage a good night's rest. Milk's sleep-enhancing properties are commonly ascribed to tryptophan, but scientists have also discovered a mixture of milk peptides, called casein tryptic hydrolysate (CTH), that relieves stress and enhances sleep. Now, researchers have identified specific peptides in CTH that might someday be used in new, natural sleep remedies. |
| Illegal and unsustainable wildlife trade is affecting all of us – what can we do about it? Posted: 13 Oct 2021 07:46 AM PDT Illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade affects biodiversity, ecosystem services, people's livelihood, and economies all over the world. Worldwide experts warn about the perils related to this activity and provide a roadmap for curbing its growth. |
| Popular theory of Native American origins debunked by genetics and skeletal biology Posted: 13 Oct 2021 05:16 AM PDT A widely accepted theory of Native American origins coming from Japan has been attacked in a new scientific study, which shows that the genetics and skeletal biology 'simply does not match-up.' |
| Cracking the case of how one of the earliest predators hunted Posted: 12 Oct 2021 12:47 PM PDT Early in animal evolution, complex life was mostly limited to the sea floor. But a few organisms evolved to move through the water, giving them a big competitive advantage over those left scuttling around in the mud. |
| Posted: 12 Oct 2021 12:47 PM PDT Coastal regions and small ocean islands face significant risks from rising sea levels due to climate change, because waters can flood and inundate low-lying land surfaces. |
| Posted: 12 Oct 2021 12:00 PM PDT Phage therapy is the concept of using viruses (known as phage) to kill bacteria, instead of using antibiotics. Until now, experiments have largely focussed on exposing bacteria to phage in a flask. Now, researchers have developed a new way to mimic these microenvironments, in which a single bacterium would colonize a specific area. Using this method, the team found that in these microenvironments Escherichia coli, a bacterium that is often responsible for food poisoning, does not become genetically resistant to phage, and the majority of the bacterial population is killed by phage. |
| How human disease-causing genes prevent adaptations to remove them Posted: 12 Oct 2021 10:07 AM PDT Scientists have identified a new detrimental effect of genes that cause inherited diseases. |
| Helping coral reefs survive under climate change Posted: 12 Oct 2021 10:07 AM PDT A biologist calls for extending the natural adaptive capacity of corals through nature-based approaches. |
| Researchers identify protective role of cells in overwintering fungi Posted: 12 Oct 2021 08:23 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a new role for cells that are known to nurture the overwintering reproductive structures in a type of fungi. |
| Winds of change: Improvements for wind energy production Posted: 12 Oct 2021 08:23 AM PDT In recent years, much progress has been made in the wind energy industry as the cost of development has declined significantly with emerging technologies and incentive policies. Nevertheless, wind farms can be made more efficient. Researchers now examine diurnal and seasonal patterns of wind speeds and their impact on the adequacy of energy production. The results helped them develop a seasonal adequacy assessment procedure. |
| Challenging the Big Bang puzzle of heavy elements Posted: 12 Oct 2021 08:22 AM PDT It has long been theorized that hydrogen, helium, and lithium were the only chemical elements in existence during the Big Bang, and that supernova explosions are responsible for transmuting these elements into heavier ones. Researchers are now challenging this and propose an alternative model for the formation of nitrogen, oxygen, and water based on the history of Earth's atmosphere. They postulate that the 25 elements with atomic numbers smaller than iron were created via an endothermic nuclear transmutation of two nuclei, carbon and oxygen. |
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