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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
| Roman noblewoman’s tomb reveals secrets of ancient concrete resilience Posted: 08 Oct 2021 10:41 AM PDT Over time, concrete cracks and crumbles. Well, most concrete cracks and crumbles. Structures built in ancient Rome are still standing, exhibiting remarkable durability despite conditions that would devastate modern concrete. One of these structures is the large cylindrical tomb of first-century noblewoman Caecilia Metella. New research shows that the quality of the concrete of her tomb may exceed that of her male contemporaries' monuments because of the volcanic aggregate the builders chose and the unusual chemical interactions with rain and groundwater with that aggregate over two millennia. |
| Microbiology research furthers understanding of ocean’s role in carbon cycling Posted: 07 Oct 2021 02:06 PM PDT Microbiology researchers have shed new light on the mechanisms of carbon cycling in the ocean, using a novel approach to track which microbes are consuming different types of organic carbon produced by common phytoplankton species. |
| ‘Gut bugs’ can drive prostate cancer growth and treatment resistance Posted: 07 Oct 2021 11:59 AM PDT Common gut bacteria can become 'hormone factories' - fuelling prostate cancer and making it resistant to treatment, a new study shows. Scientists revealed how gut bacteria contribute to the progression of advanced prostate cancers and their resistance to hormone therapy -- by providing an alternative source of growth-promoting androgens, or male hormones. The findings, once further validated in the clinic, could provide new opportunities for the treatment of prostate cancer through manipulation of the microbiome. |
| Climate change literacy lessons from Africa Posted: 07 Oct 2021 11:58 AM PDT Addressing the climate crisis will require cooperation on a massive scale, but to accomplish this, people need to know what specific challenges lie ahead and how to best move forward. Across the globe, people are facing the effects of the climate crisis, yet many are still unsure how, and even if, they can address it. |
| The climate-driven mass extinction no one had seen Posted: 07 Oct 2021 11:58 AM PDT Two thirds of all mammals vanished from Africa and the Arabian Peninsula around 30 million years ago, when the climate on Earth changed from swampy to icy. But we are only finding out about this mass extinction now. Researchers examined hundreds of fossils from multiple sites in Africa, built evolutionary trees, and pinpointed each species' first and last known appearances. The climate shift 'was a real reset button.' |
| Climate change tipping points: back to the drawing board Posted: 07 Oct 2021 11:58 AM PDT We regularly hear warnings that climate change may lead to 'tipping points': irreversible situations where savanna can quickly change into desert, or the warm gulf stream current can simply stop flowing. But the earth is much more resilient than previously thought. Researchers now show that the concept of tipping points is too simple. |
| Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution described Posted: 07 Oct 2021 11:58 AM PDT Researchers uncover the evolution of the hepatitis B virus since the Early Holocene by analyzing the largest dataset of ancient viral genomes produced to date. |
| How mussels make a powerful underwater glue Posted: 07 Oct 2021 11:57 AM PDT Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) spend their days being buffeted by crashing waves. They manage to stay tethered to the rocks or their fellow mussels thanks to a highly effective underwater glue they produce. Because achieving adhesion in the presence of water is so challenging, scientists who are interested in producing effective adhesives for use in wet environments (e.g., for surgical or dental treatments) have turned to mussels for inspiration. After a decade of work in the area, a team has succeeded in uncovering the cellular mechanisms by which mussels fabricate underwater adhesives. |
| Something fishy going on? Recent discovery hints at northward shift in fish distribution Posted: 07 Oct 2021 09:22 AM PDT Researchers have discovered an individual Eleotris oxycephala in Akita Prefecture, Japan, which is the northernmost record of this species. The juvenile was discovered in the Yoneshiro River system and likely reached the river from the south via larval dispersal in the Tsushima Current. This possible range expansion of Eleotris oxycephala may be linked to increasing water temperatures. |
| Unprecedented rise of heat and rainfall extremes in observational data Posted: 07 Oct 2021 09:22 AM PDT Observation data analysis reveals a 90-fold increase in the frequency of monthly heat extremes, so-called 3-sigma-events that deviate strongly from what is normal in a given region, in the past ten years compared to 1951-1980. Record daily rainfall events also increased in a non-linear way -- on average, 1 in 4 rainfall records in the last decade can be attributed to climate change. Seemingly small amounts of additional warming push up extreme events substantially. |
| Small molecules with a dual function Posted: 07 Oct 2021 09:22 AM PDT Researchers have deciphered a molecular mechanism with which a small RNA and a small protein regulate the metabolism of cholera bacteria and the production of the cholera toxin. |
| Colorblind fish show experts how vision evolved Posted: 07 Oct 2021 09:21 AM PDT After decades of studying color vision in mice, new research in zebrafish has allowed experts to uncover how some animals regulate their ability to see blue light. The results allow researchers to better understand the evolutionary history and current control mechanisms of color vision. |
| Corals once thought to be a single species are really two Posted: 07 Oct 2021 09:21 AM PDT It seems like an esoteric question: What, exactly, is a species? Two corals were described as different species, then merged together, and then separated once again. A new study explores the question further. |
| Feather phenomenon: Radar indicates stronger hurricanes trap, transport more birds Posted: 06 Oct 2021 11:34 AM PDT Whether birds get caged in the eye of a hurricane may depend on the intensity and totality of the chaos beyond the calm, says a novel study. |
| Simple method for converting carbon dioxide into useful compounds Posted: 05 Oct 2021 09:48 AM PDT Researchers have found an energy-efficient way to convert the chief greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) into useful chemicals. Using the method, CO2 is transformed into structures called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), suggesting a new and simpler route to dispose of the greenhouse gas to help tackle global warming. |
| Three new species of freshwater goby fish found in Japan and the Philippines Posted: 05 Oct 2021 09:47 AM PDT Biologists from Japan and the Philippines have identified three new species of goby fish, belonging to the genus Lentipes. |
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