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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
| Big data-derived tool facilitates closer monitoring of recovery from natural disasters Posted: 22 Jul 2021 02:12 PM PDT By analyzing peoples' visitation patterns to essential establishments like pharmacies, religious centers and grocery stores during Hurricane Harvey, researchers have developed a framework to assess the recovery of communities after natural disasters in near real time. They said the information gleaned from their analysis would help federal agencies allocate resources equitably among communities ailing from a disaster. |
| 'Good cholesterol' may protect liver Posted: 22 Jul 2021 02:12 PM PDT The body's so-called good cholesterol may be even better than we realize. New research suggests that one type of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has a previously unknown role in protecting the liver from injury. This HDL protects the liver by blocking inflammatory signals produced by common gut bacteria. |
| Unravelling the knotty problem of the Sun's activity Posted: 22 Jul 2021 01:30 PM PDT A new approach to analysing the development of magnetic tangles on the Sun has led to a breakthrough in a longstanding debate about how solar energy is injected into the solar atmosphere before being released into space, causing space weather events. The first direct evidence that field lines become knotted before they emerge at the visible surface of the Sun has implications for our ability to predict the behavior of active regions and the nature of the solar interior. |
| Early-life social connections influence gene expression, stress resilience Posted: 22 Jul 2021 01:30 PM PDT Having friends may not only be good for the health of your social life, but also for your actual health -- if you're a hyena, that is. Strong social connections and greater maternal care early in life can influence molecular markers related to gene expression in DNA and future stress response, suggests a new study of spotted hyenas in the wild. |
| Cattle losing adaptations to environment Posted: 22 Jul 2021 01:29 PM PDT Researchers have uncovered evidence showing that cattle are losing important environmental adaptations, losses the researchers attribute to a lack of genetic information available to farmers. After examining genetic material stretching back to the 1960s, they identified specific DNA variations associated with adaptations that could one day be used to create DNA tests for cattle -- tests that could tell farmers whether their cattle are suited for one environment or another. |
| Eyes wide shut: How newborn mammals dream the world they're entering Posted: 22 Jul 2021 11:20 AM PDT As a newborn mammal opens its eyes for the first time, it can already make visual sense of the world around it. But how does this happen before they have experienced sight? |
| Researchers develop tool to drastically speed up the study of enzymes Posted: 22 Jul 2021 11:20 AM PDT A new tool that enables thousands of tiny experiments to run simultaneously on a single polymer chip will let scientists study enzymes faster and more comprehensively than ever before. |
| New study provides clues to decades-old mystery about cell movement Posted: 22 Jul 2021 11:20 AM PDT A new study shows that the stiffness of protein fibers in tissues, like collagen, are a key component in controlling the movement of cells. The groundbreaking discovery provides the first proof of a theory from the early 1980s and could have a major impact on fields that study cell movement from regenerative medicine to cancer research. |
| Clever cockatoos learn through social interaction Posted: 22 Jul 2021 11:20 AM PDT Scientists have shown that cockatoos, an iconic Australian bird species, learn from each other a unique skill -- lifting garbage bin lids to gather food. The research confirms that cockatoos spread this novel behavior through social learning. This behavior by cockatoos is actually learnt, rather than a result of genetics. |
| Global warming may limit spread of dengue fever, new research finds Posted: 22 Jul 2021 11:19 AM PDT Infection with dengue virus makes mosquitoes more sensitive to warmer temperatures, according to new research. The team also found that infection with the bacterium Wolbachia, which has recently been used to control viral infections in mosquitoes, also increases the thermal sensitivity of the insects. The findings suggest that global warming could limit the spread of dengue fever but could also limit the effectiveness of Wolbachia as a biological control agent. |
| Cell-analysis technique could combat tuberculosis Posted: 22 Jul 2021 10:13 AM PDT Researchers have developed a way to analyze how individual immune cells react to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. It could pave the way for new vaccine strategies and provide insights into fighting other infectious diseases. |
| Smartphone screens effective sensors for soil or water contamination Posted: 22 Jul 2021 10:13 AM PDT The touchscreen technology used in billions of smartphones and tablets could also be used as a powerful sensor, without the need for any modifications. |
| Eco-friendly plastic from cellulose and water Posted: 22 Jul 2021 10:13 AM PDT Plastics offer many benefits to society and are widely used in our daily life: they are lightweight, cheap and adaptable. However, the production, processing and disposal of plastics pose a major global threat to the environment and human health. However, researchers have now found a sustainable method - 'hydrosetting', which uses water at normal conditions - to process and reshape a new type of hydroplastic polymer. |
| Pathogens get comfy in designer goo Posted: 22 Jul 2021 10:13 AM PDT New hydrogels mimic intestines when lined with epithelial cells. A study demonstrated hydrogels in various stiffnesses are valuable for learning the dynamics of pathogens that cause diarrhea and other intestinal diseases. |
| California's carbon mitigation efforts may be thwarted by climate change itself Posted: 22 Jul 2021 10:13 AM PDT To meet an ambitious goal of carbon neutrality by 2045, California's policymakers are relying in part on forests and shrublands to remove CO2 from the atmosphere, but researchers warn that future climate change may limit the ecosystem's ability to perform this service. |
| Excess coffee: A bitter brew for brain health Posted: 22 Jul 2021 09:06 AM PDT It's a favourite first-order for the day, but while a quick coffee may perk us up, new research shows that too much could be dragging us down, especially when it comes to brain health. |
| Visualizing a city's energy use Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:31 AM PDT Researchers used the City of Pittsburgh to create a model built upon the design, materials and purpose of commercial buildings to estimate their energy usage and emissions. |
| New approach eradicates breast cancer in mice Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:30 AM PDT A new approach to treating breast cancer kills 95 to 100 percent of cancer cells in mouse models of human estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancers and their metastases in bone, brain, liver and lungs. The newly developed drug, called ErSO, quickly shrinks even large tumors to undetectable levels. |
| New 3D images of shark intestines show they function like Nikola Tesla's valve Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:30 AM PDT For more than a century, researchers have relied on flat sketches of sharks' digestive systems to discern how they function -- and how what they eat and excrete impacts other species in the ocean. Now, researchers have produced a series of high-resolution, 3D scans of intestines from nearly three dozen shark species that will advance the understanding of how sharks eat and digest their food. |
| Scientists reverse age-related memory loss in mice Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:30 AM PDT Scientists have successfully reversed age-related memory loss in mice and say their discovery could lead to the development of treatments to prevent memory loss in people as they age. |
| 'Backpacking' hedgehogs take permanent staycation Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:30 AM PDT New research has been examining how alpine-based hedgehogs hibernate from a different perspective - their backs. |
| Fully renewable energy feasible for Samoa, study suggests Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:30 AM PDT The future of Samoa's electricity system could go green, a new study has shown. |
| Untwisting DNA reveals new force that shapes genomes Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:30 AM PDT Advances in microscopy reveal how the human genome organises itself in three-dimensional space at much higher resolution than previously possible. A new study finds that transcription generates a force that moves across DNA strands like ripples through water. The discovery may have future implications for the understanding of genetic diseases such as Cornelia de Lange syndrome, developmental disorders linked to chromatin folding, and open new avenues of research in genome fragility and cancer development. |
| RNA breakthrough creates crops that can grow 50 percent more potatoes, rice Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:29 AM PDT A new RNA breakthrough is allowing plants to yield dramatically more crops and increase drought tolerance, which could have an impact on food scarcity and production as climate change threatens ecosystems. In initial tests, adding a gene encoding for a protein called FTO to both rice and potato plants increased their yield by 50 percent in field tests -- and the plants grew significantly larger, produced longer root systems and were better able to tolerate drought stress. |
| Mobility restrictions can have unexpected impacts on air quality Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:29 AM PDT Reduced mobility induced by the COVID-19 restrictions had only minor influence on particulate pollution levels, according to atmosphere studies in the Po Valley region of northern Italy. Eventually computer simulations indicated that the change in air quality led to an increase in secondary aerosol formation. |
| Targeted removals and enhanced monitoring can help manage lionfish in the Mediterranean Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:29 AM PDT New research represents one of the first studies to examine the effectiveness of targeted lionfish removals from both an ecological and a socio-economic perspective. |
| Structural biology provides long-sought solution to innate immunity puzzle Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:29 AM PDT Researchers report the first structural confirmation that endogenous -- or self-made -- molecules can set off innate immunity in mammals via a pair of immune cell proteins called the TLR4-MD-2 receptor complex. The work has wide-ranging implications for finding ways to treat and possibly prevent autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and antiphospholipid syndrome. |
| Llama 'nanobodies' could hold key to preventing deadly post-transplant infection Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:28 AM PDT Scientists have developed a 'nanobody' - a small fragment of a llama antibody - that is capable of chasing out human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as it hides away from the immune system. This then enables immune cells to seek out and destroy this potentially deadly virus. |
| Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:28 AM PDT Researchers reported the development of a transferrable and integrative type I CRISPR-based platform that can efficiently edit the diverse clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a superbug capable of infecting various tissues and organs and a major source of nosocomial infections. The technique can accelerate the identification of resistance determinants of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens and the development of novel anti-resistance strategies. |
| 'Golden nail': Quarry near Salzgitter becomes global geological reference point Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:28 AM PDT Scientists have found in Salzgitter-Salder what researchers have been searching for for more than 20 years: A geological formation that perfectly represents the transition from the Cretaceous Turonian to the Coniacian Age. The former limestone quarry is now considered a global reference point (GSSP) for the turn of the ages 89.4 million years ago. |
| New study reports strong indications of freshened groundwater offshore the Maltese Islands Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:28 AM PDT Scientists report strong indications of freshened groundwater offshore the coastline between Valletta and Marsascala, in the south-east of Malta. |
| Informing policy for long-term global food security Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:28 AM PDT More than 820 million people in the world don't have enough to eat, while climate change and increasing competition for land and water are further raising concerns about the future balance between food demand and supply. The results of a new study can be used to benchmark global food security projections and inform policy analysis and public debate on the future of food. |
| African dust transport across North Atlantic Posted: 21 Jul 2021 02:27 PM PDT Researchers chronicle the history of African dust transport, including three independent 'first' discoveries of African dust in the Caribbean Basin in the 1950s and 1960s. |
| How does the structure of cytolysins influence their activity? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 02:26 PM PDT In a new study, researchers have uncovered how cytolysins from Enterococcus faecalis destroys bacterial and mammalian cells. |
| Reaping the benefits: Training in rice growing system ups yields and well-being Posted: 21 Jul 2021 07:23 AM PDT Researchers conducted randomized trials of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) agronomy method. Following SRI training of 5,486 Bangladeshi rice farmers, they compared trained and untrained farmers. The results showed compelling benefits for SRI's efficacy in increasing yield and profits, how it improves farming households' well-being, and its positive spillover effects in communities. This bolsters support for SRI's value, especially in the Global South. |
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