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ScienceDaily: Plants & Animals News |
| A synthetic antibiotic may help turn the tide against drug-resistant pathogens Posted: 26 May 2022 11:15 AM PDT A synthesized antibiotic derived from computer models of bacterial gene products appears to neutralize even drug-resistant bacteria. The compound, named cilagicin, works well in mice and employs a novel mechanism to attack MRSA, C. diff, and several other deadly pathogens. |
| New light shed on cell membranes Posted: 26 May 2022 09:21 AM PDT Researchers are using light in novel ways to better image biological samples. |
| Professional 'guilds' of bacteria gave rise to the modern microbiome Posted: 26 May 2022 08:28 AM PDT Even the smallest marine invertebrates -- some barely larger than single-celled protists -- are home to distinct and diverse microbial communities, or microbiomes, according to biologists. The study underscores that a vast diversity of animals have microbiomes, just as humans do. But more surprisingly, there's little correlation between how closely related most animals are and how similar their microbiomes are -- something widely assumed to be true based on the study of humans, larger mammals, and insects. |
| Fishing for new source of proteoglycans, an important health food ingredient Posted: 26 May 2022 08:28 AM PDT Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), commonly obtained from salmon nasal cartilage, are a key ingredient of various health foods. As the popularity of health foods increases, scientists are searching for alternative sources of CSPGs. Now, researchers have analyzed the PGs and their CS structures in the head cartilage of 10 edible bony fishes, including sturgeons. Their findings point to several new fishes that can serve as alternatives to salmon as a source of CSPGs. |
| Drug resistance molecule can spread though bacterial 'communities' Posted: 26 May 2022 08:28 AM PDT DNA molecules called plasmids -- some of which protect bacteria from antibiotics -- can spread rapidly through bacterial 'communities' that are treated with antibiotics, new research shows. |
| Inappropriate antibiotics for nonhospitalized kids cost US at least $74 million Posted: 26 May 2022 08:27 AM PDT Children who were prescribed antibiotics inappropriately were more likely to develop complications such as diarrhea and skin rashes than children who were treated according to medical guidelines, according to a new study. This misuse of antibiotics resulted in at least $74 million in excess health-care costs in the U.S. in 2017. |
| Gut bacteria can make blood pressure medication less effective Posted: 26 May 2022 06:56 AM PDT Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, two of the leading causes of death in America. It's also one of the most common chronic conditions in the United States, with nearly half of U.S. adults considered hypertensive under current guidelines. Among those with high blood pressure, an estimated 20% have what's known as resistant hypertension, meaning their blood pressure remains high despite aggressive treatment. New research has shown gut bacteria can reduce the effectiveness of certain blood pressure drugs, potentially providing a pathway to developing new ways of overcoming treatment-resistant hypertension. |
| Agriculture tech use opens possibility of digital havoc Posted: 26 May 2022 06:55 AM PDT Wide-ranging use of smart technologies is raising global agricultural production but international researchers warn this digital-age phenomenon could reap a crop of another kind -- cybersecurity attacks. Complex IT and math modelling has highlighted the risks. |
| New non-radioactive, neutral reagent reveals viruses in clear detail Posted: 26 May 2022 06:55 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated the benefits of a new non-radioactive, neutral negative staining reagent by imaging viruses at nanometer-scale. The salt-presenting reagent is a structurally stable and neutral molecule with a longer shelf life and less procurement restrictions than the conventionally used reagent, uranyl acetate. |
| Perplexing fish-like fossil finally classified Posted: 26 May 2022 06:55 AM PDT For the first time since its discovery 130 years ago one of the most mysterious fossil vertebrates has finally been classified, increasing our possible understanding of the first animals to crawl on Earth. |
| Decline of diatoms due to ocean acidification Posted: 25 May 2022 03:26 PM PDT Diatoms are the most important producers of plant biomass in the ocean and help to transport carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere into the deep ocean and thus regulate our climate. Because diatoms rely on silica rather than calcium carbonate to build their shells, they were previously thought to benefit from ocean acidification -- a chemical change in seawater triggered by the increasing uptake of CO2 that makes calcification more difficult. Scientists now show that diatoms, which are a type of plankton, are also affected. Analyses of data from field experiments and model simulations suggest that ocean acidification could drastically reduce diatom populations. |
| Researchers use CRISPR technology to modify starches in potatoes Posted: 25 May 2022 01:37 PM PDT Humble potatoes are a rich source not only of dietary carbohydrates for humans, but also of starches for numerous industrial applications. Scientists are learning how to alter the ratio of potatoes' two starch molecules -- amylose and amylopectin -- to increase both culinary and industrial applications. |
| How anesthetics affect brain functions Posted: 24 May 2022 08:06 AM PDT Researchers have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the precise spatial distribution of synchronously working brain regions in anesthetized humans, long-tailed macaques, common marmosets and rats. The scientists were able to show that the areas where burst-suppression is evident differ significantly in primates and rodents. |
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