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ScienceDaily: Plants & Animals News |
| Dynamic rivers contributed to Amazon's rich bird diversity Posted: 08 Apr 2022 11:29 AM PDT One of the most contentious questions in evolutionary biology is, how did the Amazon become so rich in species? A new study focused on birds examines how the movements of rivers in the Amazon have contributed to that area's exceptional biological diversity. The researchers found that as small river systems change over time, they spur the evolution of new species. The findings also reveal previously unknown bird species in the Amazon that are only found in small areas next to these dynamic river systems, putting them at high risk. |
| What shapes gut microbiomes of Alaska's brown bears? Location, location, location Posted: 08 Apr 2022 11:29 AM PDT A recent study of Alaskan brown bears (Ursus arctos) finds that there is significant variation in the gut microbiome of bear populations, depending on where the bears live. The finding advances our understanding of the relationship between wildlife habitat, diet and gut microbiome diversity. |
| Key to success of drug-resistant bacteria Posted: 08 Apr 2022 10:17 AM PDT Researchers have uncovered how Gram-negative bacteria -- which cause a variety of drug-resistant infections -- build their protective outer layer, which could lead to more effective treatments. |
| Old skins cells reprogrammed to regain youthful function Posted: 08 Apr 2022 05:39 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new technique for rejuvenating skin cells. This technique has allowed researchers to rewind the cellular biological clock by around 30 years according to molecular measures, significantly longer than previous reprogramming methods. The partially rejuvenated cells showed signs of behaving more like youthful cells in experiments simulating a skin wound. This research, although in early stages, could eventually have implications for regenerative medicine, especially if it can be replicated in other cell types. |
| New resource could provide clues on the past, present, and future of clownfish Posted: 08 Apr 2022 05:38 AM PDT Researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University have produced a comprehensive genome of the false clownfish, which could be used to answer a myriad of biological questions. |
| Human gene variant produces attention deficit disorder-like problems in mice Posted: 07 Apr 2022 01:19 PM PDT Mutant mice are providing scientists with a new neurobiological framework to understand the brain changes observed in distractible humans who carry a common gene variant whose frequency has been associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The scientists demonstrate that mice that express the variant adopt an inattentive phenotype similar to that seen in humans. |
| Cell biology: How mitochondria report stress Posted: 07 Apr 2022 11:19 AM PDT Researchers have discovered the mechanism by which the protein DELE1 detects organelle stress. This offers a possible new approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases. |
| High-ranking naked mole-rats are more resilient Posted: 07 Apr 2022 11:19 AM PDT Naked mole-rats are full of surprises. The latest is that higher-ranked mole-rats most likely have an immunological advantage over animals with lower social status. |
| Evidence in mice that bacteria in tumors help cancer cells metastasize Posted: 07 Apr 2022 11:19 AM PDT Bacteria promote cancer metastasis by bolstering the strength of host cells against mechanical stress in the bloodstream, promoting cell survival during tumor progression, researchers report. |
| Turbulence from spawning fish keeps a healthy circulation in coastal waters Posted: 07 Apr 2022 11:18 AM PDT A new study has shown how fish influence ocean ecosystems in coastal regions, revealing for the first time how they circulate nutrients and oxygen around the waters when they spawn. This process is key to keeping the ecosystems running. |
| Private protected areas help conserve overlooked and threatened regions Posted: 07 Apr 2022 11:18 AM PDT New research shows that private protected areas help conserve underrepresented biomes and highly threatened regions. Researchers have assessed 17,561 privately protected areas in 15 countries across five continents. Their findings reveal that compared to state protected areas, PPAs are twice as likely to be in areas with the greatest human disturbance, such as regions used for agriculture and mining. They are three times more likely to be in biomes with almost no established conservation reserves and protect 1.2% of key biodiversity areas. |
| Ocean water samples yield treasure trove of RNA virus data Posted: 07 Apr 2022 11:18 AM PDT Ocean water samples collected around the world have yielded a treasure trove of new data about RNA viruses, expanding ecological research possibilities and reshaping our understanding of how these small but significant submicroscopic particles evolved. |
| Virtual cooking class improves children's nutrition knowledge Posted: 07 Apr 2022 07:10 AM PDT Amid parental concerns regarding poor nutrition and lack of cooking skills among youth in Flint, Michigan, a team of local dietitians, chefs, and researchers created Flint Families Cook during the COVID-19 pandemic, a program for families with children ages 8-18 years old, delivered virtually to children and families in their homes. |
| Chemical compound promotes healthy aging, study finds Posted: 07 Apr 2022 07:10 AM PDT A recently discovered chemical compound helped elderly mice with obesity lose fat and weight, add muscle and strength, reduce age-related inflammation and increase physical activity, a new study shows. |
| How mountain streams signal climate change Posted: 07 Apr 2022 07:10 AM PDT A new tool can better assess an important but overlooked indicator of global warming: the variety of bugs, worms, and snails living in high mountain streams. |
| Surfer science supports seawater study Posted: 07 Apr 2022 07:10 AM PDT Seawater samples taken from a surfboard have helped scientists understand microscopic life in the waves, new research shows. |
| Amazon rainforest foliage gases affect the Earth’s atmosphere Posted: 06 Apr 2022 02:20 PM PDT Researchers have uncovered a plant-derived process that leads to the formation of aerosol particles over the Amazon rainforest and potentially other forested parts of the world. |
| Turmeric compound helps grow engineered blood vessels and tissues Posted: 06 Apr 2022 01:06 PM PDT Curcumin, a compound found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and is known to suppress angiogenesis in malignant tumors. Bioengineers have now discovered that when delivered through magnetic hydrogels into stem cell cultures this versatile compound paradoxically also promotes the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor, or VEGF, that helps vascular tissues grow. |
| To save California's whales, put overlooked threats into policy Posted: 06 Apr 2022 01:06 PM PDT Current whale-protection policies in California rarely address the overlapping, compounding stressors facing whale populations. |
| Cryo-EM imaging of STING protein reveals new binding pocket Posted: 06 Apr 2022 01:05 PM PDT Imaging at near-atomic resolution of a key immune protein commonly known as STING has revealed a previously unrecognized binding site that appears to be pivotal for launching immune attacks, scientists report. The findings could lead to new ways of manipulating STING to prompt stronger immune responses or stem its action in autoimmune diseases. |
| Most U.S. dog owners don't follow FDA pet food handling guidelines, study finds Posted: 06 Apr 2022 01:05 PM PDT A new analysis suggests that most U.S. dog owners are unaware of -- and do not follow -- guidelines on safe pet food and dish handling from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but that better education and implementation of the guidelines could reduce contamination. |
| Injured dinosaur left behind unusual footprints Posted: 06 Apr 2022 01:05 PM PDT A set of dinosaur footprints in Spain has unusual features because the dinosaur that made the tracks had an injured foot, according to a new study. |
| Antibiotic and antiretroviral drug effects on breast milk are explored for mothers living with HIV Posted: 06 Apr 2022 10:24 AM PDT Infants carry a vast assemblage of bacteria, viruses and fungi in their guts. Combined, these microbes make up a complex ecology known as the gut microbiome, which plays a major role in health and disease throughout life. The initial source of these billions of microbes is the mother's breast milk. Scientists have now used next-generation sequencing to investigate the breast milk microbiome from HIV positive women in Kenya. |
| Good parenting evolved multiple times in moss animals Posted: 06 Apr 2022 10:24 AM PDT The spindly filaments and coral-like colonies of the ancient phylum of marine animals known as bryozoans likely aren't the first thing that come to mind when you envision safe and protective child care. But a new study on the 600-million-year history of these obscure animals highlights the important role good parenting has played in their enduring success. In one of the largest genetic analyses of invertebrate marine organisms to date, researchers sequenced DNA from hundreds of alcohol-preserved specimens stored in more than 20 museums around the world. |
| Researchers rejuvenate mouse organs through cellular reprogramming Posted: 06 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT Scientists have observed signs of rejuvenation in the pancreas, liver, spleen, and blood of mice after applying one cycle of cell reprogramming. To achieve this, the researchers have characterized rejuvenation by studying molecular marks in the DNA, gene expression, and cell metabolism. |
| New study reveals extent of labor abuse and illegal fishing risks among fishing fleets Posted: 05 Apr 2022 08:52 AM PDT A new modeling approach combines machine learning and human insights to map the regions and ports most at risk for illicit practices, like forced labor or illegal catch, and identifies opportunities for mitigating such risks. |
| Recent changes in bird morphology -- probably due to global warming, study finds Posted: 05 Apr 2022 07:28 AM PDT Researchers have found changes in the morphology of many birds in Israel over the past 70 years, which they interpret to be a response to climate change. |
| Are egg cells in aging primates protected from mutations? Posted: 04 Apr 2022 01:45 PM PDT New mutations occur at increasing rates in the mitochondrial genomes of developing egg cells in aging rhesus monkeys, but the increases appear to plateau at a certain age and are not as large as those seen in non-reproductive cells, like muscle and liver. |
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