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ScienceDaily: Plants & Animals News |
| Branching worm with dividing internal organs growing in sea sponge Posted: 30 Apr 2021 01:58 PM PDT The marine worm Ramisyllis multicaudata is one of only two such species possessing a branching body, with one head and multiple posterior ends. The researchers discovered that the complex body of this worm spreads extensively in the canals of their host sponges. |
| Piecing together the LanCL puzzle Posted: 30 Apr 2021 11:47 AM PDT Researchers have published an article reporting the function of LanCL proteins. |
| New view of species interactions offers clues to preserve threatened ecosystems Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:04 AM PDT Scientists from around the world have produced a new analysis -- believed to be the most detailed study of specialized ecological data from global forests -- that is furthering science's understanding of species interactions and how diversity contributes to the preservation of ecosystem health. |
| Move over CRISPR, the Retrons are coming Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:04 AM PDT Researchers have created a new gene editing tool called Retron Library Recombineering (RLR) that can generate up to millions of mutations simultaneously, and 'barcodes' mutant bacterial cells so that the entire pool can be screened at once. It can be used in contexts where CRISPR is toxic or not feasible, and results in better editing rates. |
| Important factor in the development of dendritic cells identified Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:03 AM PDT Dendritic cells are divided into Type 1 (DC1) and Type 2 (DC2) dendritic cells. Each type fulfills different functions: DC1 provide an immune response to bacteria and viruses, DC2 protect against fungal or parasitic infections. Researchers found that a particular group of proteins plays a major role in the development of Type 1 dendritic cells. This |
| Shortage of DNA building blocks in the cell releases mitochondrial DNA Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:03 AM PDT Mitochondria are the energy suppliers of our body cells. These tiny cell components have their own genetic material, which triggers an inflammatory response when released into the interior of the cell. The reasons for the release are not yet known, but some cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases as well as the ageing process are linked to the mitochondrial genome. Researchers have investigated the reasons for the release of mitochondrial genetic material and found a direct link to cellular metabolism: when the cell's DNA building blocks are in short supply, mitochondria release their genetic material and trigger inflammation. The researchers hope to find new therapeutic approaches by influencing this metabolic pathway. |
| Brazilian Amazon released more carbon than it stored in 2010s Posted: 30 Apr 2021 09:03 AM PDT The Brazilian Amazon rainforest released more carbon than it stored over the last decade - with degradation a bigger cause than deforestation - according to new research. |
| Diverse spectrum of neurons that govern movement Posted: 30 Apr 2021 06:32 AM PDT Researchers have identified and mapped a diverse spectrum of motor neurons along the spinal cord. |
| Wasps are valuable for ecosystems, economy and human health (just like bees) Posted: 30 Apr 2021 06:32 AM PDT Wasps deserve to be just as highly valued as other insects, like bees, due to their roles as predators, pollinators, and more, according to a new article. |
| Discarded ostrich eggshells provide timeline for our early African ancestors Posted: 30 Apr 2021 06:31 AM PDT Dating early human middens becomes uncertain beyond 50,000 years, when radiocarbon dating ceases to be useful. Uranium-series dating of marine shells and bone is uncertain by some 10% because of the structure of these materials. A team has now improved the method for a more stable discard: ostrich eggshells. The method extends the accuracy and precision of radiocarbon 10 times into the past, to about 500,000 years ago. |
| Eastern and Western house mice took parallel evolutionary paths after colonizing US Posted: 29 Apr 2021 11:26 AM PDT Parallel evolution is common, but do different animal populations evolve in similar ways and alter the same genes to adapt to similar environmental conditions? Researchers tested this in two U.S. populations of house mice. They found independent evolution of a heavier body and larger nests as Eastern and Western populations invaded northern habitats after introduction from Europe. Many of the same genes changed allele frequency along with the increase in body mass. |
| Extent of human impact on the world's plant-life revealed Posted: 29 Apr 2021 11:26 AM PDT Research has shed new light on the impact of humans on Earth's biodiversity. The findings suggest that the rate of change in an ecosystem's plant-life increases significantly during the years following human settlement, with the most dramatic changes occurring in locations settled in the last 1500 years. |
| How diet controls RNA maturation Posted: 29 Apr 2021 11:26 AM PDT Particularly sensitive to chemical modifications, mRNAs are molecules responsible for transmitting the information encoded in our genome, allowing for the synthesis of proteins. Two teams have focused on a specific type of chemical modification - called methylation - of mRNA molecules in the small worm Caenorhabditis elegans. They found that methylation on a particular sequence of an mRNA leads to its degradation and that this control mechanism depends on the worm's diet. |
| How meningitis-causing bacteria may sense fever to avoid immune killing Posted: 29 Apr 2021 11:26 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a mechanism through which meningitis-causing bacteria can evade our immune system. In laboratory tests, they found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae respond to increasing temperatures by producing safeguards that keep them from getting killed. This may prime their defenses against our immune system and increase their chances of survival, the researchers say. |
| Multi-drug resistant infection about to evolve within cystic fibrosis patients Posted: 29 Apr 2021 11:26 AM PDT Scientists have been able to track how a multi-drug resistant organism is able to evolve and spread widely among cystic fibrosis patients - showing that it can evolve rapidly within an individual during chronic infection. The researchers say their findings highlight the need to treat patients with Mycobacterium abscessus infection immediately, counter to current medical practice. |
| Exploiting plants' ability to 'tell the time' to make food production more sustainable Posted: 29 Apr 2021 11:19 AM PDT Plant scientists say circadian clock genes, which enable plants to measure daily and seasonal rhythms, should be targeted in agriculture and crop breeding for higher yields and more sustainable farming. |
| Fish have been swallowing microplastics since the 1950s Posted: 29 Apr 2021 10:39 AM PDT Researchers examined the guts of freshwater fish preserved in museum collections; they found that fish have been swallowing microplastics since the 1950s and that the concentration of microplastics in their guts has increased over time. |
| Combining solar panels and lamb grazing increases land productivity, study finds Posted: 29 Apr 2021 09:34 AM PDT Land productivity could be greatly increased by combining sheep grazing and solar energy production on the same land, according to new research. |
| The Arctic's greening, but it won't save us Posted: 29 Apr 2021 08:23 AM PDT New research suggests that new green biomass in the Arctic is not as large a carbon sink as scientists had hoped. |
| Structural changes in snap-frozen proteins Posted: 28 Apr 2021 01:25 PM PDT Researchers have succeeded in ultra-fast freezing proteins after a precisely defined period of time. They were able to follow structural changes on the microsecond time scale and with sub-nanometer precision. Owing to its high spatial and temporal resolution, the method allows tracking rapid structural changes in enzymes and nucleic acids. |
| Soil bacteria evolve with climate change Posted: 28 Apr 2021 10:55 AM PDT While evolution is normally thought of as occurring over millions of years, researchers have discovered that bacteria can evolve in response to climate change in 18 months. Biologists found that evolution is one way that soil microbes might deal with global warming. |
| Study of marine noise highlights need to protect pristine Australian waters Posted: 28 Apr 2021 06:44 AM PDT New research has found urgent action is needed to ensure human-made underwater noise in Australian waters does not escalate to levels which could be harmful to marine animals, such as whales, and negatively impact our pristine oceans. |
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