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| Halos and dark matter: A recipe for discovery Posted: 22 Jul 2022 03:48 PM PDT About three years ago, a team of astronomers went looking for the universe's missing mass, better known as dark matter, in the heart of an atom. Their expedition didn't lead them to dark matter, but they still found something that had never been seen before, something that defied explanation. Well, at least an explanation that everyone could agree on. |
| Researchers identify a new mechanism responsible for controlling auditory sensitivity Posted: 22 Jul 2022 03:48 PM PDT CU Anschutz researchers have identified a new mechanism of how auditory sensitivity is regulated, making more sense of how our hearing is so precise -- and providing insight into how we can better protect auditory sensitivity from damage. |
| Colorectal cancer tumors both helped and hindered by T cells Posted: 22 Jul 2022 03:48 PM PDT Colorectal tumors are swarming with white blood cells, but whether these cells help or hinder the cancer is hotly debated. While some studies have shown that white blood cells heroically restrict tumor growth and combat colorectal cancer, equally compelling evidence casts the white blood cells as malignant co-conspirators -- bolstering the tumor and helping it spread. |
| Genetic defect leads to motor disorders in flies Posted: 22 Jul 2022 03:48 PM PDT Researchers have discovered a protein whose defect causes motor disorders in flies. The protein had also previously been found in human patients with Parkinson's disease. So far, however, it was not known what function it has in the cell. The study now provides an answer to this question. |
| How the intestine replaces and repairs itself Posted: 22 Jul 2022 03:48 PM PDT A new study suggests that stem cells are able to integrate cues from their surroundings and coordinate their behavior across tissue through networks of vasculature in their close vicinity. |
| Ant colonies behave like neural networks when making decisions Posted: 22 Jul 2022 03:48 PM PDT Colonies decide to flee rising temperatures in much the same way that neural computations give rise to decisions. |
| New method can improve explosion detection Posted: 22 Jul 2022 03:48 PM PDT Computers can be trained to better detect distant nuclear detonations, chemical blasts and volcano eruptions by learning from artificial explosion signals, according to a new method. |
| International study identifies risks for long COVID in children Posted: 22 Jul 2022 09:33 AM PDT Nearly six percent of children who presented to the emergency department (ED) with COVID-19 reported symptoms of long COVID 90-days later, according to a study conducted in eight countries. Initial hospitalization of 48 or more hours, four or more symptoms at the initial ED visit, and age 14 years or older were associated with long COVID. |
| Nonthermal plasma-promoted CO2 hydrogenation in presence of alloy catalysts Posted: 22 Jul 2022 09:33 AM PDT Nonthermal plasma (NTP) is used to activate CO2 molecules for hydrogenation into alternative fuels at low temperatures, also enabling the conversion of renewable electricity to chemical energy. Researchers from Tokyo Tech combined experimental and computational methods to investigate the hydrogenation pathway of NTP-promoted CO2 on the surface of Pd2Ga/SiO2 catalysts. The mechanistic insights from their study can help improve the efficiency of catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 and allows the engineers to design new concept catalysts. |
| Measuring the universe with star-shattering explosions Posted: 22 Jul 2022 09:33 AM PDT Astronomers have analyzed archive data for powerful cosmic explosions from the deaths of stars and found a new way to measure distances in the distant Universe. |
| Supermassive blackhole influences star formation Posted: 22 Jul 2022 09:33 AM PDT Powerful jets of a supermassive black hole change the conditions for star formation in interstellar clouds. |
| The bigger the temperature change, the larger the extinction event Posted: 22 Jul 2022 09:32 AM PDT Scientists have unearthed evidence pointing to a strong relationship between the magnitude of mass extinctions and global temperature changes in geologic times. This interesting correlation reveals a more optimistic outlook on future extinction events. |
| Scientists expand entomological research using genome editing Posted: 22 Jul 2022 09:32 AM PDT Researchers have developed a work-flow method, called Fanflow4Insects, that annotates gene functions in insects. In functional annotation, scientists collect information about a gene's biological identity. The team's new method uses transcribed sequence information as well as genome and protein sequence databases. With Fanflow4Insects, the team has annotated the functional information of the Japanese stick insect and the silkworm, including gene expression as well as sequence analysis. The functional annotation information that their workflow provides will greatly expand the possibilities of entomological research using genome editing. |
| 'Smart necklace' biosensor may track health status through sweat Posted: 22 Jul 2022 09:32 AM PDT Researchers have successfully tested a device that may one day use the chemical biomarkers in sweat to detect changes in a person's health. |
| Porous crystals bind fluorine-containing greenhouse gases Posted: 22 Jul 2022 09:32 AM PDT Fluorine-containing gases -- including so-called per- or polyfluorinated hydrocarbons, or PFCs -- have a significant share in global warming. Researchers recently developed new crystalline materials that can selectively adsorb the molecules of such carbon-fluorine bonds. They hope that these porous crystals may be useful for targeted binding and recovery of PFCs. |
| Strengthening the immune response to cancer Posted: 22 Jul 2022 09:32 AM PDT A team of medical researchers want to improve our immune defenses against cancer. They have recently shown in human cells what was previously only possible in mouse models. Their findings have raised the chances of a highly effective immunotherapy being developed for blood cancer. |
| New clues to how maternal antibodies can protect babies from cytomegalovirus Posted: 22 Jul 2022 09:32 AM PDT Antibodies that summon virus-engulfing white blood cells may play an important role in protecting infants from potentially serious congenital infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), according to a new study. |
| Light polarization creates art, explains mathematical concepts Posted: 22 Jul 2022 09:32 AM PDT Scientists explore the physics of how polarization-filtered colors emerge, how they can be controlled, and why subtle changes in viewing angle, sample orientation, and the order of layers of films between polarizers can have dramatic effects on the observed colors. The research emphasizes visual examples of concepts related to birefringence, such as addition, subtraction, and order-of-operations. |
| Potential target for Type 1 diabetes treatment Posted: 22 Jul 2022 05:24 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a pathway to the regeneration of insulin in pancreatic stem cells, a major breakthrough toward new therapies to treat Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Using the pancreas stem cells of a type 1 diabetic donor, researchers were able to effectively reactivate them to become insulin-expressing and functionally resemble beta-like cells through the use of a drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration but not currently licensed for diabetes treatment. |
| Posted: 21 Jul 2022 05:49 PM PDT Fifty years after the famous 'marshmallow test' found that children who resist temptation do better on measures of life success, a study of preschoolers in Boulder and Japan reveals that what kids are willing to wait for depends on their cultural upbringing. |
| Wildfire-smoke observations fill gap in estimating soot's role in climate change Posted: 21 Jul 2022 05:48 PM PDT New research refining the amount of sunlight absorbed by black carbon in smoke from wildfires will help clear up a long-time weak spot in earth system models, enabling more accurate forecasting of global climate change. |
| Women urged to eat potassium-rich foods to improve their heart health Posted: 21 Jul 2022 05:48 PM PDT Women who eat bananas, avocados and salmon could reduce the negative effects of salt in the diet, according to a new study. The study found that potassium-rich diets were associated with lower blood pressure, particularly in women with high salt intake. |
| How 'shark week' could inspire love for ocean predators Posted: 21 Jul 2022 12:55 PM PDT Findings from a new study indicate more positive YouTube videos could be a useful tool for shark conservation. |
| Tomatoes, but not farm workers, gardeners, safe from soil lead Posted: 21 Jul 2022 12:55 PM PDT Scientists don't know much about how vegetables and other crops take up and accumulate lead in real-world settings, but new research in Chicago backyard gardens shows tomatoes are likely safe to eat, even when grown in highly lead-contaminated soils. |
| Healthy sleep habits before kindergarten help children adjust to school Posted: 21 Jul 2022 12:22 PM PDT The transition to kindergarten is a notable milestone for children and families, who typically prepare by gathering school supplies and meeting the teacher. New research suggests that one important way to prepare for the transition to first-time schooling is to develop a bedtime routine in which children consistently get at least 10 hours of sleep at night, which will help them adjust during the transition. |
| Gender pay gap linked to unpaid chores in childhood Posted: 21 Jul 2022 12:22 PM PDT Young women and girls' time spent in unpaid household work contributes to the gender pay gap, according to new research. The research shows women's later employment participation is affected by taking on the weight of this care burden in childhood, thus adding to existing inequality gaps in the study countries. |
| How different cancer cells respond to drug-delivering nanoparticles Posted: 21 Jul 2022 11:15 AM PDT Researchers have discovered thousands of biological traits that influence whether cancer cells take up nanoparticles. Researchers analyzed interactions between 35 different types of nanoparticles and nearly 500 types of cancer cells. |
| The best semiconductor of them all? Posted: 21 Jul 2022 11:14 AM PDT A material known as cubic boron arsenide has two major advantages over silicon, research shows. It provides high mobility to both electrons and holes, and it has excellent thermal conductivity. It is, the researchers say, the best semiconductor material ever found. |
| Buckyballs on gold are less exotic than graphene Posted: 21 Jul 2022 10:20 AM PDT C60 molecules on a gold substrate appear more complex than their graphene counterparts, but have much more ordinary electronic properties. This is now shown by measurements with ARPES at BESSY II and detailed calculations. |
| Resistance to cassava mosaic disease explained Posted: 21 Jul 2022 10:20 AM PDT Researchers have identified the gene responsible for resistance in certain cassava cultivars against the devastating cassava mosaic disease. This is an important step for breeding virus-resistant cassava varieties. |
| Early Alzheimer's detection up to 17 years in advance Posted: 21 Jul 2022 10:20 AM PDT A sensor identifies misfolded protein biomarkers in the blood. This offers a chance to detect Alzheimer's disease before any symptoms occur. |
| Natural food more mouth-watering to children than processed fare Posted: 21 Jul 2022 10:20 AM PDT Children are more likely to prefer foods they believe to be natural to lab-grown options, rating them higher for tastiness, safety and desirability, a study shows. Researchers say the tendency in adults to prefer natural food is well documented. However, the latest findings found this food preference exists in early and middle childhood as well. |
| New method to map the surface of the moon increases accuracy to unprecedented levels Posted: 21 Jul 2022 10:20 AM PDT Topography: The surface of the moon and rocky planets, Mars in particular, are of huge interest to anyone trying to explore our solar system. The surface must be known in as much detail as possible, for missions to land safely, or for any robotic vessel to drive across the surface. But until now, the methods to analyze images from e.g. orbiting spacecraft have entailed a huge work load and immense computer power -- with limited results. |
| Software program allows simultaneous viewing of tissue images through dimensionality reduction Posted: 21 Jul 2022 10:20 AM PDT Imaging of tissue specimens is an important aspect of translational research that bridges the gap between basic laboratory science and clinical science to improve the understanding of cancer and aid in the development of new therapies. To analyze images to their fullest potential, scientists ideally need an application that enables multiple images to be viewed simultaneously. |
| Moths enlist additional troops in an evolutionary arms race Posted: 21 Jul 2022 10:20 AM PDT A new study shows that ultrasound-producing moths are far more widespread than previously thought, adding three newly discovered sound-producing organs, eight new subfamilies and potentially thousands of species to the roster. |
| Why some flu viruses cause more severe infections Posted: 21 Jul 2022 10:20 AM PDT Research uses computational modeling to try to understand the body's immune response to avian flu. His latest work finds that the levels of interferon may be responsible for its more severe presentation -- and may also be the key to treating it. |
| Posted: 21 Jul 2022 10:20 AM PDT Climate change is causing a mass extinction the likes of which has not been seen in recorded history. For birds, this biodiversity loss has implications beyond just species loss. Researchers use statistical modelling to predict that extinction will decrease morphological diversity among remaining birds at a rate greater than species loss alone. The team's results reveal which birds we are at risk of losing and which regions are most susceptible to homogenization. |
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