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| Posted: 31 May 2022 05:21 PM PDT Researchers demonstrate that under low fluid shear force conditions that simulate those found in microgravity culture during spaceflight, the foodborne pathogen Salmonella infects 3-D models of human intestinal tissue at much higher levels, and induces unique alterations in gene expression. |
| Immune recognition of self and non-self explored in new study Posted: 31 May 2022 04:29 PM PDT In a new study, researchers explore components of the immune system known as autoantibodies. While they have been implicated as central players in a range of serious autoimmune diseases, the study observes that autoantibodies are also found in healthy individuals. |
| Investigational drug attacks synovial sarcoma, a rare type of tumor Posted: 31 May 2022 03:19 PM PDT Researchers have developed a way to attack synovial sarcoma -- a rare tumor of soft tissues, such as ligaments and muscles -- using an investigational drug that triggers cell death. |
| As the grid adds wind power, researchers have to reengineer recovery from power outages Posted: 31 May 2022 03:19 PM PDT When electric grids go down, there's no way to restore them -- 'blackstart' them -- with power from wind turbines. A team is now working to develop strategies and controllers that would reenergize power grids dominated by wind power. In Iowa, wind turbines now produce 55% of the state's electricity. |
| Air pollution linked to adverse outcomes in pregnancy Posted: 31 May 2022 03:19 PM PDT A new study in mice reveals how exposure to traffic-related air pollutants causes cellular changes in the placenta that can lead to pregnancy complications and affect the health of both mother and offspring. |
| Posted: 31 May 2022 01:13 PM PDT A team of researchers has identified the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate selective autophagy in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. While the function of these processes is increasingly understood in mammals this is one of the first studies in insects. The study of autophagy -- the recycling and repair process within cells -- has huge potential to aid in fighting the ageing process, bacterial and viral infections and diseases including cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. |
| Researchers identify alternative to lithium-based battery technology Posted: 31 May 2022 01:13 PM PDT Researchers have identified an alternative to lithium-based battery technology by developing sodium glassy electrodes capable of supporting long-duration, grid-scale energy storage. |
| Diabetes may weaken teeth and promote tooth decay Posted: 31 May 2022 01:11 PM PDT Inducing Type 1 diabetes in mice significantly reduced enamel and dentin microhardness. |
| Your genetic sex determines the way your muscle 'talks' to other tissues in your body: Study Posted: 31 May 2022 12:19 PM PDT A new study identifies sex-specific circuits of muscle signaling to other tissues and that the organs and processes muscle impacts are markedly different between males and females. This new discovery provides insight into how muscle functions, such as exercise, promote healthy longevity, metabolism and improve cognition. |
| Pregnant moms and depression: Study links rising symptoms to kids' behavioral issues Posted: 31 May 2022 12:19 PM PDT Children whose mothers experience rising levels of depression from prepregnancy until the months just after giving birth are at greater risk of developing emotional, social and academic problems, psychology researchers report. Their seven-year study, which tracked mothers and their offspring from preconception until the children were 5 years old, is the first to demonstrate how changes in mothers' level of depression over time may impact early childhood behavioral and emotional stability. |
| What guppy guts can teach us about evolution Posted: 31 May 2022 12:19 PM PDT Thanks to a unique combination of biology and ecology, the guppies have provided researchers with insights into evolution for decades. Evans and Fitzpatrick have pushed those insights a step further, showing the guppies' potential to help probe big questions about how microbes living in host organisms contribute to health, survival and quality of life. |
| How high-intensity interval training can reshape metabolism Posted: 31 May 2022 12:19 PM PDT Scientists have shed new light on the effects that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has on human skeletal muscle, according to a new study in men. |
| Direct sound printing is a potential game-changer in 3D printing Posted: 31 May 2022 11:01 AM PDT Researchers describe a new platform technology called direct sound printing (DSP), which uses soundwaves to produce new objects. The paper explains show how focused ultrasound waves can be used to create sonochemical reactions in minuscule cavitation regions. Extremes of temperature and pressure lasting trillionths of a second can generate pre-designed complex geometries that cannot be made with existing techniques. |
| Why Uranus and Neptune are different colors Posted: 31 May 2022 11:01 AM PDT Astronomers may now understand why the similar planets Uranus and Neptune are different colors. Researchers have now developed a single atmospheric model that matches observations of both planets. The model reveals that excess haze on Uranus builds up in the planet's stagnant, sluggish atmosphere and makes it appear a lighter tone than Neptune. |
| Posted: 31 May 2022 11:01 AM PDT New research shows that the mental workload of intensive care unit nurses can successfully be evaluated using eye-movement tracking glasses. |
| A cloudless future? The mystery at the heart of climate forecasts Posted: 31 May 2022 11:01 AM PDT Analyses of global climate models consistently show that clouds constitute the biggest source of uncertainty and instability in predictions. New research on the Frontera supercomputer seeks to better incorporate clouds into global models by breaking models into two parts: a coarse-grained, lower-resolution (100km) planetary model and many small patches with 100 to 200 meter resolution. These simulations can capture the physical processes and turbulent eddies involved in cloud formation and do not produce unwanted side-effects. |
| New insights into the movement of pine cone scales Posted: 31 May 2022 09:21 AM PDT Pine cones open when dry and close when wet. In this way, pine seeds are released only under advantageous conditions, namely when it is dry and the seeds can be carried far by wind. Opening and closing is of particular interest to researchers because the actuation is passive, that is, it does not consume metabolic energy. This is why the pine cone has already served as a model for biomimetic flap systems that react to moisture and are used, for example, in building envelopes to regulate the climate. |
| Oil spill remediation: Research confirms effectiveness of oil dispersants Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT Chemical dispersants are some of the best tools to clean up after an oil spill. However, scientists do not fully understand how well they work. A new study validated their efficacy in order to better prepare for the next disaster. |
| Your liver is just under three years old Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT The liver has a unique ability to regenerate after damage. However, it was unknown whether this ability decreases as we age. Scientists have now used a technique known as retrospective radiocarbon birth dating to determine the age of the human liver. They showed that no matter the person's age, the liver is always on average less than three years old. The results demonstrate that aging does not influence liver renewal, making the liver an organ that generally replaces its cells equally well in young and old people. |
| Injured human liver treated for 3 days in a machine and then successfully transplanted Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT A multidisciplinary research team has succeeded in doing something during a treatment attempt that had never been achieved in the history of medicine until now: it treated an originally damaged human liver in a machine for three days outside of a body and then implanted the recovered organ into a cancer patient. One year later, the patient is doing well. |
| Degrading a key cancer cell-surface protein to invigorate immune attack on tumors Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT One powerful way cancer cells defend against tumor-killing immune cells is to load up their cell surface with a protein known as PD-L1. Now a team of researchers has identified a method to degrade tumor cell-surface PD-L1, thereby making tumors susceptible to immune attack. |
| Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT Plant fossils dating back 55 to 40 million years ago, during the Eocene epoch reveal details about the warmer and wetter climate. These conditions meant there were palms at the North and South Pole and predominantly arid landmasses like Australia were lush and green. By focusing on the morphology and taxonomic features of 12 different floras, the researchers developed a more detailed view of what the climate and productivity was like in the ancient hothouse world of the Eocene epoch. |
| How sleep builds relational memory Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT Researchers describe biological mechanism that allows sleep to build relational memories -- associations between unrelated items. |
| The secret to a longer lifespan? Gene regulation holds a clue Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT Researchers investigated genes connected to lifespan. Their research uncovered specific characteristics of these genes and revealed that two regulatory systems controlling gene expression -- circadian and pluripotency networks -- are critical to longevity. The findings have implications both in understanding how longevity evolves and in providing new targets to combat aging and age-related diseases. |
| Photonics: Quest for elusive monolayers just got a lot simpler Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT Optics researchers develop an automated scanning device that can detect 2D monolayers with 99.9 percent accuracy -- surpassing any other method to date -- at a fraction of the cost, in far less time, and with readily available materials. |
| Electrical pulses to the back of the neck found to restore breathing after opioid drug use Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT Breathing difficulties are the main cause of death following opioid use. In the UK, the number of adults entering treatment for opioid use was 140,863 in 2020/211 and opioid use remains a significant cause of premature death, contributing to 3,726 drug-related deaths last year. Opioid misuse causes death by supressing respiratory activity. New research points to a novel treatment for respiratory depression associated with opioid use that administers electrical pulses to the back of the neck, helping patients regain respiratory control following high dosage opioid use. This could offer an alternative to pharmacological treatments, which can cause withdrawal symptoms, heart problems and can negatively affect the central nervous system. |
| Roundworms offer new insights into Bardet-Biedl syndrome Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT Scientists have identified a new role for a protein complex at the center of a human genetic disorder called Bardet-Biedl syndrome, or BBS, for which there is currently no cure. |
| Urban magnetic fields reveal clues about energy efficiency, pollution Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT Researchers present a comparative analysis of urban magnetic fields between two U.S. cities: Berkeley, California, and the Brooklyn borough of New York City. They explore what kinds of information can be extracted using data from magnetic field sensors to understand the working of cities and provide insights that may be crucial for preventative studies. |
| Great white sharks may have contributed to megalodon extinction Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT The diet of fossil extinct animals can hold clues to their lifestyle, behavior, evolution and ultimately extinction. However, studying an animal's diet after millions of years is difficult due to the poor preservation of chemical dietary indicators in organic material on these timescales. An international team of scientists has applied a new method to investigate the diet of the largest shark to have ever existed, the iconic Otodus megalodon. This new method investigates the zinc isotope composition of the highly mineralized part of teeth and proves to be particularly helpful to decipher the diet of these extinct animals. |
| Solar-biomass hybrid system satisfies home heating requirements in winter Posted: 31 May 2022 08:17 AM PDT Researchers outline a computer simulation model addressing the challenge of solar power's inherent intermittency by adding biomass as another renewable energy source to advance a reliable, affordable heating solution while reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The proposed solar-biomass hybrid system is based on distributed multi-generation technology that integrates photovoltaic-thermal and biomass power sources. |
| Scientists use AI to update data vegetation maps for improved wildfire forecasts Posted: 31 May 2022 07:27 AM PDT A new technique uses artificial intelligence to efficiently update the vegetation maps that are relied on by wildfire computer models to accurately predict fire behavior and spread. |
| Healthy development thanks to older siblings Posted: 31 May 2022 07:27 AM PDT During the first years of their lives, children develop the cognitive, social and emotional skills that will provide the foundations for their lifelong health and achievements. However, exposure to environmental stressors during critical periods of life can have negative long-term consequences for their development. One of the most critical stressors for children is maternal stress, which is known to have a detrimental effect on children's health and well-being, already in utero. |
| Dementia diagnosis often comes as part of costly crisis Posted: 31 May 2022 07:27 AM PDT Medicare costs around the time of a dementia diagnosis are much lower for older adults screened proactively rather than those diagnosed while experiencing a health issue. |
| Researchers investigate the links between facial recognition and Alzheimer's disease Posted: 31 May 2022 07:27 AM PDT In recent years Alzheimer's disease has been on the rise throughout the world and is rarely diagnosed at an early stage when it can still be effectively controlled. Using artificial intelligence, researchers conducted a study to identify whether human-computer interfaces could be adapted for people with memory impairments to recognize a visible object in front of them. |
| Decoding how a protein on the move keeps cells healthy Posted: 31 May 2022 07:26 AM PDT Cells rely on a process known as RNA interference (RNAi) to control protein production. The centerpiece of that process is the protein Argonaute, which seeks out and destroys mRNA molecules. Scientists have now discovered how Argonaute efficiently jumps from one target to the next. Their work may help improve current RNAi-based therapies and develop better ones in the future. |
| What will it take to transform obesity care for all? Posted: 31 May 2022 07:26 AM PDT A new framework for managing obesity care in primary care settings, and efforts to educate clinicians about the appropriate use of obesity medications, aim to improve care for this chronic disease. |
| Nerve stimulation promotes resolution of inflammation Posted: 31 May 2022 07:26 AM PDT The nervous system is known to communicate with the immune system and regulate inflammation in the body. Researchers now show how electrical activation of a specific nerve can promote healing in acute inflammation. |
| Cuttlefish camouflage may be more complex than previously thought Posted: 31 May 2022 07:26 AM PDT A new study suggests that the European cuttlefish (sepia officinalis) may combine, as necessary, two distinct neural systems that process specific visual features from its local environment, and visual cues relating to its overall background environment to create the body patterns it uses to camouflage itself on the sea floor. |
| Multi-spin flips and a pathway to efficient ising machines Posted: 31 May 2022 07:26 AM PDT Combinatorial optimization problems are at the root of many industrial processes and solving them is key to a more sustainable and efficient future. Ising machines can solve certain combinatorial optimization problems, but their efficiency could be improved with multi-spin flips. Researchers have now tackled this difficult problem by developing a merge algorithm that disguises a multi-spin flip as a simpler, single-spin flip. This technology provides optimal solutions to hard computational problems in a shorter time. |
| Mobile app provides effective support for children with obesity Posted: 31 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT A mobile app that shows a child's weight development in real-time for children with obesity provides greater weight loss compared to conventional care. The fact that both families and healthcare professionals can follow the same data facilitates individualized extra support when needed. |
| New artificial enzyme breaks down tough, woody lignin Posted: 31 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT An innovative artificial enzyme has shown it can chew through woody lignin, an abundant carbon-based substance that stores tremendous potential for renewable energy and materials. |
| Too much self-confidence can endanger health Posted: 31 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT Older people who overestimate their health go to the doctor less often. This can have serious consequences for their health, for example, when illnesses are detected too late. By contrast, people who think they are sicker than they actually are visit the doctor more often. This is what a new study based on data from over 80,000 Europeans aged 50 and older found. |
| Discovery could lead to better cancer immunotherapy Posted: 31 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT A type of white blood cell previously known only as a helper in the immune system appears also to be the instigator of the body's defenses against cancerous tumors. The discovery could lead to more effective cancer immunotherapy, a promising treatment which uses the body's own immune system, rather than radiation, to attack cancer cells. In an animal study, researchers found that a population of T cells called CD4-positive helper T cells helped start a chain of antitumor immunity defenses that allow killer cells to better infiltrate melanoma and breast cancer tumors. |
| The history of Lake Cahuilla before the Salton Sea Posted: 31 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT Lake Cahuilla went through many cycles of filling and drying out over thousands of years. A new study by a San Diego State University researcher and colleagues used radiocarbon dating to determine the timing of the last seven periods of filling during the Late Holocene. The research sheds light on both the history of human occupation in the area and its seismic past. |
| A new arrangement: Using quantum dots to quench the smallest ferrimagnetism Posted: 31 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT A team of scientists have focused on the Kondo effect on minimal ferrimagnetism and attempted to elucidate it theoretically. As a result, they found that the Kondo effect occurred via multiple 'quantum entangled states' depending on temperature and other factors. They also found that the Kondo effect suppressed electrical conductivity through minimal ferrimagnetism, when usually it is amplified in many other cases. |
| Scientists solve long-standing mystery: Why do some asthma patients respond poorly to treatment? Posted: 30 May 2022 12:31 PM PDT Identification of growth factors produced in patients with severe asthma may lead to new therapies, a study finds. |
| What's in a name? Glimmers of evolution in naming babies, choosing a dog Posted: 30 May 2022 09:04 AM PDT Maverick was first used as a baby name after a television show called 'Maverick' aired in the 1950s, but its popularity rose meteorically in 1986 with the release of the movie 'Top Gun.' Today, it is even used for baby girls. |
| Ultrasound-guided microbubbles boost immunotherapy efficacy Posted: 30 May 2022 09:04 AM PDT Researchers have developed an ultrasound-guided cancer immunotherapy platform that generates systemic antitumor immunity and improves the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. |
| Engineers boost signals from fluorescent sensors Posted: 30 May 2022 09:03 AM PDT Engineers have found a way to dramatically improve the signal emitted by fluorescing nanosenors. The researchers showed they could implant sensors as deep as 5.5 centimeters in tissue and still get a strong signal. The advance allows the particles to be placed deeper within biological tissue, which could aid with cancer diagnosis or monitoring. |
| The paired perils of breast cancer and diabetes Posted: 30 May 2022 09:03 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a mechanism linking breast cancer and diabetes, each of which promotes development and growth of the other. |
| Posted: 30 May 2022 05:58 AM PDT Large floods will sometimes force a river to jump course and forge a new path across the landscape, in rare and catastrophic events known as river avulsions. Scientists have now published a global compilation of river avulsions. The study corroborates roughly a decade of theoretical and experimental work by the group, which fleshed out avulsions from what had been an understudied curiosity. |
| Fjords emit as much methane as all the deep oceans globally Posted: 30 May 2022 05:57 AM PDT During heavy storms, the normally stratified layers of water in ocean fjords get mixed, which leads to oxygenation of the fjord floor. But these storm events also result in a spike in methane emissions from fjords to the atmosphere. Researchers have estimated that the total emissions of this climate-warming gas are as great from fjords as from all the deep ocean areas in the world put together. |
| Anthropogenic vapors in haze pollution over Hong Kong and Mainland China's megacities Posted: 28 May 2022 07:03 PM PDT Scientists have revealed the significant roles of anthropogenic low-volatility organic vapors on the secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation in four megacities in China, providing new insights for effectively mitigating the urban air pollution issues. |
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