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| How do blind cavefish survive their low-oxygen environment? Posted: 11 Mar 2022 03:25 PM PST Cavefish have obvious adaptations such as missing eyes and pale colors that demonstrate how they evolved over millennia in a dark, subterranean world. Now researchers say these incredible fish have an equally remarkable physiology that helps them cope with a low-oxygen environment that would kill other species. |
| Scientists make leap forward for genetic sequencing Posted: 11 Mar 2022 03:25 PM PST Researchers reveal new details about a key enzyme that makes DNA sequencing possible. The finding is a leap forward into the era of personalized medicine when doctors will be able to design treatments based on the genomes of individual patients. |
| Scientists announce discovery of supermassive binary black holes Posted: 11 Mar 2022 03:25 PM PST Researchers have discovered a supermassive black hole binary system, one of only two known such systems. |
| How to make the TB vaccine more effective Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:14 AM PST Briefly blocking a key molecule when administering the only approved vaccine for tuberculosis vastly improves long-term protection against the devastating disease in mice, researchers report. |
| How to clean solar panels without water Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:14 AM PST Dust that accumulates on solar panels is a major problem, but washing the panels uses huge amounts of water. Engineers have now developed a waterless cleaning method to remove dust on solar installations in water-limited regions, improving overall efficiency. |
| Researchers re-engineer red blood cells to trigger immune system against COVID-19 Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:14 AM PST Researchers have been able to re-engineer red blood cells and use them as a promising new vehicle for vaccine delivery. |
| Mirror image biomolecule helps marine sea squirts lose their tails Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:14 AM PST Researchers have found that D-serine, the structural mirror image of L-serine, regulates tissue migration in the marine organism Ciona during its juvenile-to-adult transformation. D-serine binds to NMDAR, leading to the formation and release of a vesicle that assists in tail regression in Ciona. This finding provides the first description of a biological function of a D-amino acid in a non-mammal chordate, elucidating vesicle release mechanisms in organisms other than mammals. |
| The next generation of robots will be shape-shifters Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:14 AM PST Physicists have discovered a new way to coat soft robots in materials that allow them to move and function in a more purposeful way. |
| Stemming the tide of invasive species in Great Lakes Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:06 AM PST New research shows that a bi-national regulation targeting ships entering the Great Lakes since the mid-2000s has been remarkably effective in reducing a large proportion of the invasive species in the world's largest freshwater ecosystem. |
| Lower, more frequent doses of nanomedicines may enhance cancer treatment Posted: 11 Mar 2022 09:57 AM PST Both nanomedicines and metronomic scheduling -- when medications are given at lower, more frequent doses -- can correct abnormalities surrounding tumors that help protect cancer cells and foster their growth and spread. Combining nanomedicines and metronomic scheduling may help improve cancer treatment strategies. |
| Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST When we think of ions, we usually think of single atoms that have lost or gained some electrons, but entire molecules can also become ions. Physicists now show that cold molecular ions can be created using a new method, and that they are a very useful tool for detecting small amounts of other, regular molecules. |
| Voles cut grass to watch flying predators Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A tiny rodent trims tall grasses so it can watch the skies for flying predators, new research shows. Brandt’s voles live in grassland in Inner Mongolia, China, where they are hunted by birds called shrikes. |
| Clinical trial reveals new treatment option for COVID-19 Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A clinical trial has indicated an effective treatment for critically ill COVID-19 patients. The study investigates the effects of using an anti-inflammatory protein, alpha-1 antitryspin (AAT), to treat COVID-19 patients who have progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). |
| Chemical analysis reveals effects of wildfire smoke on grapes and wines Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST As wildfire season in the West grows in length and severity, it is taking a toll on the wine industry through the effects of wildfire smoke on the quality of wine grapes. Volatile compounds in the smoke from wildfires can be absorbed by grapes and produce an unpleasant taste known as 'smoke taint' in wines made from affected grapes. A new study provides valuable data and guidelines for using analytical chemistry to identify grapes and wines affected by smoke taint. |
| Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST It is well known that methane, a greenhouse gas, is produced by special microorganisms, for example in the intestines of cows, or in rice fields. For some years, scientists had also observed the production of methane in plants and fungi, without finding an explanation. Now researchers have shed light on the underlying mechanism. Their findings suggest that all organisms release methane. |
| Bacteria on intertidal rockweed across the North Atlantic Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST Algae such as rockweeds are a fundamental part of marine ecosystems, providing habitat and food to many other marine organisms while also providing ecosystem services like oxygenation of the water. In turn, algae depend on bacteria to maintain their normal shapes and health. New sequencing methods are illuminating the relationships between marine bacteria and marine algae, as demonstrated in research by 15 scientists from countries across the North Atlantic. The published study contributes to the understanding how sensitive important algae are to the changing environment. |
| Neurons are fickle: Electric fields are more reliable for information Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A new study suggests that electric fields may represent information held in working memory, allowing the brain to overcome 'representational drift,' or the inconsistent participation of individual neurons. |
| Magnetic reconnection breakthrough may help predict space weather Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST Researchers have recently discovered a breakthrough in magnetic reconnection that could ultimately help predict space weather. |
| New window system allows for long-term studies of brain activity Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A researcher has developed a tiny window that allows investigators to get clearer, long-term imaging of the brain's visual network. |
| Comprehensive analysis of cellular and molecular characteristics of acral melanoma Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST Researchers reveal key differences in the cellular and molecular composition of acral melanoma compared to melanoma. Their findings may lead to new potential therapeutic targets for this rare disease. |
| Discovery could lead to fewer side effects from a diabetes treatment Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A mouse study detailed the differences between the two forms of the protein PPARgamma, a target of 'glitazone' diabetes drugs, could cut out weight gain side effects. |
| Links between circadian rhythms, metabolism and addiction Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A new study establishes important conceptual connections between the fields of circadian rhythms, metabolism, and addiction. Going beyond current studies on substance use disorders, which focus on the impact of addictive drugs on the brain, this new research highlights an existing connection between specific neurons and peripheral organs. |
| Mutations leading to omicron variant did not enable virus to fully escape immune system Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST People who gained immunity -- either through vaccination or exposure -- against the original strain of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, also are likely to have some protection against the pathogen's omicron variant, according to a new study. |
| Newly identified softshell turtle lived alongside T. rex and Triceratops Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST Scientists describe the find of a new softshell turtle from the end of the Cretaceous Period. |
| Discovering molecular 'team-work' underlying nitrate assimilation in a unicellular red alga Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST The mechanisms suppressing nitrate assimilation in plants under nitrogen-repleted condition are poorly known, but researchers may have made a breakthrough. They have recently studied the transcription of nitrate assimilating genes in a unicellular red alga and found that deletion of the negative domain of transcription factor CmMYB1 or a previously unknown protein CmNDB1 is responsible for alleviation of the transcription of nitrate assimilating genes in nitrogen-repleted condition. |
| Exercise may treat long COVID-induced diabetes, depression Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST While no medically recognized treatment exists for long COVID, exercise may break the vicious cycle of inflammation that can lead to developing diabetes and depression months after a person recovers from the virus. |
| Firefly luminescence reveals pesticides Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST A luminescence reaction modeled on fireflies can detect contamination with organophosphates with high sensitivity, ease, and low cost. At the center of this technology is a new enzymatic method for the synthesis of analogues of luciferin, the substance that makes fireflies glow. As reported by a team of researchers, it could also be used in the field. |
| Acoustic propulsion of nanomachines depends on their orientation Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST Scientists have now found answers to central questions which had previously stood in the way of acoustic propulsion of nanoparticles. |
| Scientists find new colony structure of fire ants evolved in one species before spreading to others Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST Scientists have discovered that a new form of ant society spread across species. They found that after the new form of society evolved in one species, a 'social supergene' carrying the instruction-set for the new social form spread into other species. This spread occurred through hybridization, i.e., breeding between ants of different species. This unlikely event provides an alternate way of life, making the ants more successful than if they only had the original social form. |
| Open-access dataset of macaque brain published Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST Researchers have published a dataset that was recorded from the visual cortex of monkeys during the resting state. The dataset consists of electrophysiology data that was recorded from the visual cortex (V1 and V4) of two monkeys, from 1024 recording sites simultaneously during the resting state, and it also includes supporting datasets obtained while the monkeys performed visual tasks. |
| Past global photosynthesis reacted quickly to more carbon in the air Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST Ice cores allow climate researchers to look 800,000 years back in time: atmospheric carbon acts as fertilizer, increasing biological production. The mechanism removes carbon from the air and thereby dampens the acceleration in global warming. |
| Physicists show how frequencies can easily be multiplied without special circuitry Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST A new discovery by physicists could make certain components in computers and smartphones obsolete. The team has succeeded in directly converting frequencies to higher ranges in a common magnetic material without the need for additional components. Frequency multiplication is a fundamental process in modern electronics. |
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