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| Posted: 11 Feb 2022 01:13 PM PST A new study shows how two subsets of one type of immune cell -- the CD8 T cell -- develop to provide either short-term or long-term immune protection. The study focuses on one factor that guides that developmental bifurcation -- interleukin-2, or IL-2. |
| Paris Climate Agreement goal still within reach, suggests new study Posted: 11 Feb 2022 01:13 PM PST A new study suggests some cautiously optimistic good news: The 2015 Paris Climate Agreement goal is still within reach, while apocalyptic, worst-case scenarios are no longer plausible. |
| Exercise post-vaccine bumps up antibodies, new study finds Posted: 11 Feb 2022 01:13 PM PST A study found people who cycled on a stationary bike or took a brisk walk for an hour-and-a-half after getting a flu shot or COVID-19 jab produced more antibodies in the following four weeks compared to participants who sat or continued with their daily routine post-immunization. |
| New clues in the brain linking pain and food Posted: 11 Feb 2022 01:13 PM PST Researchers may have found an explanation in a new study that suggests that circuitry in the brain responsible for motivation and pleasure is impacted when someone experiences pain. |
| Study shows waning effectiveness of third dose of mRNA vaccines Posted: 11 Feb 2022 01:13 PM PST A new study shows that immunity against severe COVID-19 disease begins to wane 4 months after receipt of the third dose of an mRNA vaccine. Waning immunity was observed during both the Delta and Omicron variant waves in similar fashion to how mRNA vaccine effectiveness wanes after a second dose. Although protection decreased with time, a third dose was still highly effective at preventing severe illness with COVID-19. |
| Diabetes, metabolic syndrome in mice treated with novel class of compounds Posted: 11 Feb 2022 01:12 PM PST Researchers have shown, in mice, that a new class of compounds they developed can improve several aspects of metabolic syndrome. Such conditions often lead to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. |
| Lifetime of knowledge can clutter memories of older adults Posted: 11 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST When a person tries to access a memory, their brain quickly sifts through everything stored in it to find the relevant information. But as we age, many of us have difficulty retrieving memories. Researchers propose an explanation for why this might be happening: the brains of older adults allocate more space to accumulated knowledge and have more material to navigate when attempting to access memories. While this wealth of prior knowledge can make memory retrieval challenging, the researchers say it has its upsides -- this life experience can aid with creativity and decision-making. |
| Researchers call for greater clarity over what constitutes ‘a mental health problem’ Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:27 AM PST A systematic review has uncovered a plethora of models used to understand mental health problems with ramifications for how people are assessed and supported. |
| Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:27 AM PST Researchers describe the development of a user-centered virtual reality system using head-mounted display and hand-tracking technology to engage stroke survivors with spatial neglect in intensive, repetitive therapy. |
| Researchers make non-alcoholic beer taste like regular beer Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:27 AM PST Finally, researchers have found a way to brew non-alcoholic beer that tastes just like regular beer. Even more, the method is far more sustainable than the existing brewing techniques. |
| This bizarre looking helmet can create better brain scans Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:27 AM PST Researchers have developed a dome-shaped device, which fits over a person's head and can be worn during a brain scan, that boosts MRI performance, creating crisper images that can be captured at twice the normal speed. Eventually, the magnetic metamaterial has the potential to be used in conjunction with cheaper low-field MRI machines to make the technology more widely available, particularly in the developing world. |
| First evidence indicating dinosaur respiratory infection Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:27 AM PST Scientists have discovered the first evidence of a unique respiratory infection in the fossilized remains of a dinosaur that lived nearly 150 million years ago. Researchers examined the remains of an immature diplodocid -- a long-necked herbivorous sauropod dinosaur, like 'Brontosaurus' - dating back to the Late Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic Era. The dinosaur nicknamed 'Dolly,' discovered in southwest Montana, had evidence of an infection in the area of its neck vertebrae. |
| Endangered delicacy: Tropical sea cucumbers in trouble Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:27 AM PST Overharvest has put the Great Barrier Reef's tropical sea cucumber populations in peril, researchers have revealed, with strong demand for this delicacy from East and Southeast Asia. |
| New species of marine plankton discovered, an overlooked source of nutrients in the oceans Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:27 AM PST A team of researchers has discovered two new and unusual species of diatoms in the waters off Hawai'i. The organisms were also found to fix nitrogen, a critical process that supports productivity in the nutrient-poor open ocean they inhabit. |
| Writing is not present in all 'complex' societies, but it can signal inequality Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:27 AM PST For a long time, anthropologists believed that a written language was a hallmark of a society being complex or 'advanced.' A new study on precolonial Mesoamerican societies shows that you can have a society with a big population and a complex government without a writing system. However, societies with writing systems tended to be less egalitarian than ones without. |
| Cellular tornadoes sculpt our organs Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST How are the different shapes of our organs and tissues generated? To answer this question, a team forced muscle cells to spontaneously reproduce simple shapes in vitro. By confining them on adhesion discs, the biochemists and physicists observed that the cells rapidly self-organize by aligning themselves in the same direction. A circular motion is created around a vortex -- called a topological defect -- which, by orienting the cells, allows them to join forces, deforming the cell monolayer into a protrusion, a structure commonly observed in embryo development. This cylindrical protrusion is maintained by the collective rotational forces of the cells, creating a tornado-like effect. The formation of these cellular tornadoes would therefore constitute a simple mechanism of spontaneous morphogenesis, dictated by the unique properties of multicellular assemblies. |
| Solar and wind power are key to decarbonizing Switzerland Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST How can we reduce the carbon footprint of electricity consumption in Switzerland? The country relies on electricity imports from fossil fuel power plants, which are major emitters of greenhouse gases. |
| 7 to 9 percent of all European vascular plants are globally threatened, study finds Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST Seven to nine percent of all vascular plant species occurring in Europe are globally threatened, according to a new study. Researchers combined Red Lists of endangered plant species in Europe with data on their global distribution. |
| Electron conspiracy in a Japanese lattice pattern: Kagome metals baffle science Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST Toward a new kind of superconductivity: In the past four years scientists have discovered metals whose crystal structure mimics that of a traditional Japanese woven bamboo pattern: kagome metals. The international research activity in this new direction of quantum materials has recently reached a new climax: an international team of physicists has discovered that the underlying kagome lattice structure induces the joint appearance of intricate quantum phenomena which can lead to an unprecedented type of superconductivity. |
| Machine learning outperforms clinical experts in classifying hip fractures Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST A new machine learning process designed to identify and classify hip fractures has been shown to outperform human clinicians. Two convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were able to identify and classify hip fractures from X-rays with a 19% greater degree of accuracy and confidence than hospital-based clinicians. |
| Colonic gene mapping gives insights into intestinal diseases Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST Using a technique called spatial transcriptomics, researchers have analyzed the gene expression in the mouse colon and created a map showing where in the tissue individual genes are expressed. When they superimposed previously known human transcription data onto the map, the researchers gained new insights into inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). |
| The secret hideouts of ovarian cancer revealed Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST Researchers discovered how ovarian cancer hides from the body's immune system. The findings will help develop novel precision therapies for ovarian cancer, a common and aggressive cancer type. |
| Distant galaxies and the true nature of dark matter Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST In conflict with the current prevailing theory used to describe the universe, a new study suggests the existence of a direct interaction between the elementary particles that make up the dark matter halo and those that make up ordinary matter. |
| Chemotherapy or not? Physicists study gene expression tests Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST Following surgery, patients with breast cancer are faced with the question of whether additional chemotherapy is necessary and really effective. It is important that these women do not receive too much treatment -- but not too little treatment either. Physicists modeled the gene expression tests and examined their usefulness on the basis of these models. |
| Graphene spintronics: 1D contacts improve mobility in nano-scale devices Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST Researchers may have cleared a significant hurdle on the path to quantum computing, demonstrating step-change improvements in the spin transport characteristics of nanoscale graphene-based electronic devices. |
| Reusable plastic bottles release hundreds of chemicals Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST Researchers have found several hundred different chemical substances in tap water stored in reusable plastic bottles. Several of these substances are potentially harmful to human health. There is a need for better regulation and manufacturing standards for manufacturers, according to the chemists behind the study. |
| Molecular mechanism of cerebral venous thrombosis discovered Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare, often severe disease that has been brought to public attention by the COVID-19 pandemic. A research group has now succeeded for the first time in deciphering a molecular cause of this disease. This opens the way to new therapeutic approaches. |
| Eye provides clues to insidious vascular disease Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST Researchers have developed a method that could be used to diagnose atherosclerosis. Using self-learning software, they were able to identify vascular changes in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), often at an early stage. Although these early stages do not yet cause symptoms, they are nevertheless already associated with increased mortality. The algorithm used photos from an organ not normally associated with PAD: the eye. |
| New computer vision system designed to analyse cells in microscopy videos Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:26 AM PST Researchers have developed a system based on computer vision techniques that allows automatic analysis of biomedical videos captured by microscopy in order to characterize and describe the behavior of the cells that appear in the images. |
| How El Niño and drought affected the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:25 AM PST The oceanic phenomenon El Niño significantly affected the number of enslaved Africans transported from West Africa to the Americas between the mid-1600s and mid-1800s, according to a new study. The study bridges atmospheric science with African history, carrying lessons for a warming future. It found that, much like tree rings and corals, El Niño can be used as a proxy for historical rainfall and temperature patterns in West Africa. |
| Strong and elastic, yet degradable: protein-based bioplastics Posted: 11 Feb 2022 07:20 AM PST More than eight million tons of plastic end up in the oceans every year -- a serious danger for the environment and health. Biodegradable bioplastics could provide an alternative. A research team has now introduced a new method for the production of protein-based plastics that are easily processable, biodegradable, and biocompatible, as well as having favorable mechanical properties. |
| Novel wearable armband helps users of prosthetic hands to ‘get a grip’ Posted: 11 Feb 2022 05:06 AM PST A new study could be a game changer for users of prosthetic hands who have long awaited advances in dexterity. Researchers examined if people could precisely control the grip forces applied to two different objects grasped simultaneously with a dexterous artificial hand. They designed a multichannel wearable soft robotic armband to convey artificial sensations of touch to the robotic hand users. Subjects were able to successfully grasp and transport two objects simultaneously with the dexterous artificial hand without breaking or dropping them, even when their vision of both objects was obstructed. The study is the first to show the feasibility of this complex simultaneous control task while integrating multiple channels of haptic/touch sensation feedback noninvasively. |
| Smartphone app can vibrate a single drop of blood to determine how well it clots Posted: 11 Feb 2022 05:06 AM PST Researchers have developed a new blood-clotting test that uses only a single drop of blood and a smartphone vibration motor and camera. |
| Vaccinated patients less likely to need critical care during Omicron surge Posted: 11 Feb 2022 05:06 AM PST A new study of COVID-19 patients who had the Omicron variant of the disease shows that vaccinated adults had less severe illness than unvaccinated adults and were less likely to land in intensive care. |
| New plant-derived composite is tough as bone and hard as aluminum Posted: 11 Feb 2022 05:06 AM PST A new woody composite is tough as bone and hard as aluminum, and might pave way for naturally derived plastics. |
| Researchers reveal largest catalog of gene activators Posted: 11 Feb 2022 05:06 AM PST Researchers have created a functional catalog of proteins that activate gene expression, with implications for tailored therapy for cancer and other diseases that occur when wrong genes are switched on. |
| Chemical history of the Milky Way revealed by new catalog of tens of millions of stars Posted: 11 Feb 2022 05:06 AM PST Researchers published a new sample catalog of more than 24 million stars that can be used to decipher the chemical history of elements in the Milky Way galaxy. |
| Who’s watching? Nearly a third of TV ads play to empty rooms Posted: 11 Feb 2022 05:06 AM PST Paying thousands of dollars to advertise on television is a huge proposition -- never more so than for the Super Bowl, for which 30-second TV spots this year will cost advertisers as much as $6.5 million. Contrary to Super Bowl advertisements, which are some of the most high-profile commercials, new research shows nearly a third of TV ads play to empty rooms. |
| Portable toilets of the ancient Roman world Posted: 11 Feb 2022 05:06 AM PST Archaeologists develop method of identifying intestinal parasites concealed within 1,500-year-old 'chamber pot'. New technique helps distinguish portable toilets from other jars and ceramic vessels, leading to greater understanding of gut health in the past. |
| Planetary bodies observed for first time in 'habitable zone' of dead star Posted: 11 Feb 2022 05:06 AM PST A ring of planetary debris studded with moon-sized structures has been observed orbiting close to a white dwarf star, hinting at a nearby planet in the 'habitable zone' where water and life could exist, according to a new study. White dwarfs are glowing embers of stars that have burned through all their hydrogen fuel. Nearly all stars, including the Sun, will eventually become white dwarfs, but very little is known about their planetary systems. |
| Where mathematics and a social perspective meet data Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:42 PM PST Community structure, including relationships between and within groups, is foundational to our understanding of the world around us. |
| A star in the world of ceramic engineering Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:42 PM PST Facing the challenging task of developing lightweight, high-strength ceramic materials, an engineer has turned to an unexpected collaborator for design inspiration: the knobby sea star from the tropical Indo-Pacific. By investigating the complex and highly ordered mineralized skeletal system of this unusual marine species, the research team discovered an unexpected combination of characteristics that may lead to developing an entirely new class of high-performance lightweight ceramic composites. |
| Researchers identify brain region associated with feeling full after eating Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:41 PM PST Researchers have learned more about the part of the brain that mediates satiation. This could help lead to better treatments for eating disorders and weight management. |
| Illuminating research sheds new light on the evolution of light-response systems Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:41 PM PST Researchers found that sea urchin larvae exhibited ciliary responses to strong photoirradiation by swimming backward. As ciliary responses are difficult to detect in deuterostomes because they may be masked by more obvious muscular activities, identifying cilia-based responses to light in sea urchins provides key information on the evolution and diversification of light-response systems in macroscopic animals. |
| Protein p53 plays a key role in tissue repair, study finds Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:41 PM PST New research has found the protein p53 plays a key role in epithelial migration and tissue repair. The findings could improve our understanding of the processes used by cells to repair tissues, and be used to identify interventions that could accelerate and improve wound repair. |
| Mitochondria efficiently adapt to changing metabolic conditions Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:41 PM PST A recent study explains an essential component for proper mitochondrial function: The protein complexes MICOS and ATP synthase can communicate with each other. Researchers have uncovered an important mechanism that ensures efficient metabolic adaptation of mitochondria. |
| New insights into how metal exposures can impact fetal growth Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:41 PM PST A new study reveals how prenatal exposure to mixtures of commonly found metals can adversely affect fetal growth. |
| Mystery origin of iconic Aussie snakes unlocked Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:41 PM PST New research has found the first tangible evidence that the ancestors of some of Australia's most venomous snakes arrived by sea rather than by land -- the dispersal route of most other Australian reptiles. |
| It’s in the air – battery discovery takes up the charge Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:41 PM PST Clean energy researchers have designed a molecule to boost the performance of lithium-oxygen batteries to give electric vehicles the same driving range as petrol-fueled cars. Lithium-oxygen batteries are aimed to deliver maximum energy density through breathing air to generate electricity. To date, they have been beset by challenges, including low discharge capacity, poor energy efficiency and severe parasitic reactions. This molecule can simultaneously tackle those issues. |
| Harvesting baker's yeast for aging-related therapeutics Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:41 PM PST Researchers have successfully engineered common baker's yeast to produce D-lysergic acid (DLA), an ingredient used in medicine for dementia and Parkinson's Disease. |
| Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:41 PM PST Researchers show how magnetic flux sensors can be used to monitor the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells that run on hydrogen. By detecting changes in current, failure states due to incorrect water levels can be identified. This work may lead to cost-effective sustainable energy generation for electric vehicles. |
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