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| Living in a walkable neighborhood lowers risk of excessive weight gain during pregnancy Posted: 02 Feb 2022 10:47 AM PST In one of the first studies to examine the link between neighborhood characteristics and weight gain during pregnancy, researchers find that pregnant people who live in walkable neighborhoods in New York City have lower odds of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) than those who live elsewhere in the city. They also found that living in a neighborhood with high rates of poverty increased the odds of excessive GWG. |
| Nearly 1,000 mysterious strands revealed in Milky Way’s center Posted: 02 Feb 2022 10:46 AM PST More than 35 years ago, a Northwestern professor discovered mysterious, gigantic magnetic filaments in the Milky Way galaxy's turbulent center. Now, armed with more advanced technology, he and his collaborators have uncovered nearly 1,000 of the strange structures. |
| Shadow of cosmic water cloud reveals the temperature of the young universe Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST Astronomers have found a new and original method for measuring the cosmic microwave background's temperature when the Universe was still in its infancy. They confirm in their new study the early cooling of our Universe shortly after the Big Bang and open up new perspectives on the elusive dark energy. |
| What is your dog’s lifespan? You might be surprised Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST The Dog Aging Project, founded in 2018, is by far the most ambitious project tackling the question of canine longevity, enrolling and studying tens of thousands of dogs of all sizes, breeds and backgrounds to develop a thorough understanding of canine aging. Their open-source dataset will give veterinarians and scientists the tools to assess how well a specific dog is aging and will set the stage for further research into healthy aging -- in both dogs and people. One of their most intriguing avenues of inquiry will analyze the DNA of exceptionally long-lived dogs, the 'super-centenarians' of the dog world. |
| Satellites and light reflections help researchers spot coastal plastic waste Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST Geospatial scientists have found a way to detect plastic waste on remote beaches that are not visible in conventional satellite images, bringing us closer to global monitoring options. |
| How the connections inside bird brains work together Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST Physiologists have a furthered understanding of the bird neural circuitry that allows them to distinguish where a specific sound is coming from. Their findings could help scientists understand the basics of how mammalian brains compute the time difference between a single sound arriving at each individual ear, known as 'interaural time difference'. This ability is an integral component of sound localization. |
| Simple, inexpensive, fast and accurate nano-sensors pinpoint infectious diseases Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST Researchers describe a novel method for detecting viruses like Ebola virus (EBOV) and SARS CoV-2. |
| Cooling matter from a distance Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST Researchers have succeeded in forming a control loop consisting of two quantum systems separated by a distance of one meter. Within this loop, one quantum system -- a vibrating membrane -- is cooled by the other -- a cloud of atoms, and the two systems are coupled to one another by laser light. Interfaces such as this allow different kinds of quantum systems to interact with one another even over relatively large distances and will play a key role in quantum technologies of the future. |
| Reassessing radon as a reliable groundwater tracer Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST As radioactive atoms are transported through groundwater aquifers in the form of gaseous radon, they are eventually transferred to the atmosphere. Measurements of the rate of this transfer can, in theory, be used to trace the infiltration of water into the surrounding soil. Yet a new study shows that this technique could have a significant flaw. |
| Untangling a DNA replication mystery may lead to new antimalarial drugs Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST The function of an enzyme, critical to most forms of life, has been revealed. |
| Hummingbirds exert fine control over body heat Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST Scientists from multiple universities now find there's more than one level of hummingbird torpor: shallow and deep, plus the transition stage between levels of torpor and the normal sleep state. |
| Predicting cell fates: Researchers develop AI solutions for next-gen biomedical research Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST Data is not only the answer to numerous questions in the business world; the same applies to biomedical research. In order to develop new therapies or prevention strategies for diseases, scientists need more and better data, faster and faster. However, the quality is often very variable and the integration of different data sets often almost impossible. |
| Cancer treatment: A berry from Brazil helps out Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:18 AM PST Castalagin, a polyphenol from the Amazonian fruit camu-camu, increases the efficacy of immunotherapy in mice by modifying their microbiome, researchers find. |
| Scientists uncover 'missing' plastics deep in the ocean Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:17 AM PST A new study unveils the prevalence of plastics in the entire water column of an offshore plastic accumulation zone in the southern Atlantic Ocean and implicates the ocean interior as a crucial pool of 'missing' plastics. Results show that small microplastics are critical, underexplored and integral to the oceanic plastic inventory. In addition, findings show that weak ocean current systems contribute to the formation of small microplastics hotspots at depth, suggesting a higher encounter rate for subsurface particle feeders like zooplankton. |
| The last ice age widened the Aare and Gürbe valleys Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:17 AM PST A team was able to prove that the glaciers of the penultimate ice age ('Riss' glaciation) mainly eroded the bedrock between Thun and Bern, but that during the last glaciation (' Würm'- glaciation) glacial carving resulted in a widening and not in a further deepening of the valleys. The researchers reconstructed the geometry of the bedrock using gravity measurements to reach their conclusions. |
| A new amplifying technique for weak and noisy signals Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:17 AM PST Scientists have demonstrated a technique for the recovery of weak, noise-dominated optical signals. |
| Genome study finds unexpected variation in a fundamental RNA gene Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:17 AM PST A genome study to look for variants in a gene considered a fundamental building block for microscopic structures that synthesize proteins took a surprising twist. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:17 AM PST Using cellphone mobility data and COVID-19 hospital admissions data, researchers have reliably forecast regional hospital demands for almost two years, according to a new study. The forecasting system, which municipal authorities credit with helping Austin maintain the lowest COVID-19 death rate among all large Texas cities, has been built out for use by 22 municipal areas in Texas and can be used by any city to guide COVID-19 responses as the virus continues to spread. |
| New lightweight material is stronger than steel Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:17 AM PST Chemical engineers have created a new material that is stronger than steel, as light as plastic, and can be easily manufactured in large quantities. |
| Different autism risk genes, same effects on brain development Posted: 02 Feb 2022 08:17 AM PST Researchers have found that three different autism risk genes actually affect similar aspects of neuron development and the same neuron types, although each gene acted through unique molecular mechanisms. Additionally, a person's specific genomic background fine-tuned the genes' effects. The study was conducted using miniature 3D models, or 'organoids,' of the human cerebral cortex, the part of the brain responsible for cognition, perception, and language. The results advance our understanding of autism spectrum disorder and are a first step toward finding treatments for the condition. |
| 3D structure of regulator protein revealed Posted: 02 Feb 2022 06:19 AM PST A team of researchers has revealed the structure of a protein complex which is an important regulator of cellular degradation processes. |
| The path to renewable fuel just got easier Posted: 02 Feb 2022 06:19 AM PST The holy grail of bio-fuel researchers is to develop a self-sustaining process that converts waste from sewage, food crops, algae and other renewable carbon sources into fuels, while keeping waste carbon out of our atmosphere and water. Much progress has been made in converting such waste to useful fuel but completing the cycle using clean energy has proved a tough nut to crack. |
| Research advances technology of AI assistance for anesthesiologists Posted: 02 Feb 2022 06:19 AM PST A new deep learning algorithm trained to optimize doses of propofol to maintain unconsciousness during general anesthesia could aid anesthesiologists and augment monitoring, according to a new study. |
| Immunological memory provides long-term protection against coronavirus Posted: 02 Feb 2022 05:03 AM PST Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 by infection or vaccination generates immune cells that provide long-term immunity. These long-lived memory T cells play a key role in preventing severe cases of COVID-19. Researchers have now discovered how these memory T cells form. |
| Ocean eddies could explain Antarctic sea-ice paradox Posted: 02 Feb 2022 05:03 AM PST Despite global warming and the sea-ice loss in the Arctic, the Antarctic sea-ice extent has remained largely unchanged since 1979. However, existing climate model-based simulations indicate significant sea-ice loss, contrary to actual observations. As experts have now shown, the ocean may weaken warming around Antarctica and delay sea-ice retreat. |
| Magnetic seeds used to heat and kill cancer Posted: 01 Feb 2022 05:11 PM PST Scientists have developed a novel cancer therapy that uses an MRI scanner to guide a magnetic seed through the brain to heat and destroy tumors. |
| 'Threaded bone' rituals restored dignity after looting of Indigenous graves Posted: 01 Feb 2022 05:11 PM PST Ancient Indigenous people in Peru had a unique response to the looting and destruction of their ancestors' graves during the European colonial period, an international team of archaeologists has discovered. A study found nearly 200 examples of human vertebrae threaded onto reed posts in the Chincha Valley, dating from AD 1450-1650. The period spanned the Inca rule and the start of the European colonization -- a turbulent time of extensive famine and epidemics -- that coincided with widespread desecration of Indigenous people's graves by Europeans. |
| UK plants flowering a month earlier due to climate change Posted: 01 Feb 2022 05:11 PM PST Climate change is causing plants in the UK to flower a month earlier on average, which could have profound consequences for wildlife, agriculture and gardeners. |
| Artificial intelligence system rapidly predicts how two proteins will attach Posted: 01 Feb 2022 01:56 PM PST A new machine learning system can predict the structure formed when two proteins dock, in a process that's between 50 to 800 times faster than some software-based methods. This could help scientists better understand biological processes or speed the development of new therapies. |
| Mass customization can make fashion more sustainable if customers are willing to wait for it Posted: 01 Feb 2022 01:56 PM PST Mass customization, where customers order clothing made to their own style tastes and measurements, has been proposed as one solution to overproduction. But the logistical challenges of tailoring garments to individual customer requests and lengthy manufacturing lead times have discouraged most firms from adopting mass customization. They might want to reconsider that decision, according to a new study. |
| New research links continents to key transitions in Earth’s oceans, atmosphere and climate Posted: 01 Feb 2022 01:10 PM PST A new study advances the understanding of the role that continents have played in the chemical evolution of Earth's oceans, with implications for understanding atmospheric oxygenation and global climate oscillations. |
| Climate change has likely begun to suffocate the world’s fisheries Posted: 01 Feb 2022 01:10 PM PST By 2080, around 70 percent of the world's oceans could be suffocating from a lack of oxygen as a result of climate change, potentially impacting marine ecosystems worldwide, according to a new study. The new models find mid-ocean depths that support many fisheries worldwide are already losing oxygen at unnatural rates and passed a critical threshold of oxygen loss in 2021. |
| Paternal alcohol use increases frequency of fetal development issues Posted: 01 Feb 2022 01:10 PM PST Prenatal visits have traditionally focused almost exclusively on the behavior of mothers, but new research continues to suggest that science should be looking more closely at the fathers' behavior as well. |
| Moons may yield clues to what makes planets habitable Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:40 AM PST Because the moon is so important to life on Earth, scientists conjecture that a moon may be a potentially beneficial feature in harboring life on other planets. Most planets have moons, but Earth's moon is distinct in that it is large compared to the size of Earth; the moon's radius is larger than a quarter of Earth's radius, a much larger ratio than most moons to their planets. New research finds that distinction significant. |
| People in urban areas had better access to care and lower copays than rural areas Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:40 AM PST Substance abuse, access to mental health care and costs remain a burden for people living in rural areas, even if they have private insurance. |
| Study finds higher risk in families of Black patients with inherited heart muscle disease Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:40 AM PST Black patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) of unknown cause are more likely to have family members at risk of developing the heart muscle disease than families of white patients, according to results of a multi-site study. |
| The U.S. is failing to care for traumatic brain injury survivors, experts say Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:40 AM PST The United States care system is often failing to meet the needs of individuals, families and communities affected by traumatic brain injury, according to a report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The authors make many recommendations for advancing progress in TBI care, including changes to classification methods, improving research funding and establishing continuity of care. |
| New model to investigate fibrosis treatments without use of animals Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:40 AM PST A new 3D connective tissue model gives researchers a sophisticated tool to understand the underlying mechanisms of connective tissue disorders and test potential treatments. |
| Scientists unveil promising new approach to diabetes prevention Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:40 AM PST A team of scientists has conducted promising early tests of a new strategy that might one day be used to prevent or treat type 2 diabetes. The scientists tested an experimental compound called IXA4 in obese mice. They showed that the compound activates a natural signaling pathway that protects the animals from harmful, obesity-driven metabolic changes that would normally lead to diabetes. |
| Mighty powerful microbes: New insights into microbes that breathe rocks Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST Microbes may be miniscule, but they have a massive impact on Earth and its habitability. They are uniquely different from animals, plants, and other eukaryotic organisms in that they can gain energy from 'breathing' a surprisingly wide range of surfaces and materials. Microbes also drastically re-shape their environment as they feast on these energy sources, making microbes major players in the cycling and availability of nutrients on Earth. One especially well-known example was the rise of oxygen on Earth due to the metabolism of photosynthetic bacteria. |
| How Omicron escapes from antibodies Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST Dozens of mutations in the spike protein of the Omicron variant help it to evade all four of the classes of antibodies that can target SARS-CoV-2, according to a new study. This includes antibodies generated by the immune systems of vaccinated or previously infected people, as well as most of the monoclonal antibody treatments that have been developed. |
| Sustainable diets acceptable to local preferences and cultures Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST New research examines how staple grains can be used as an effective food group for dietary shifts that can be culturally appropriate as well as environmentally sustainable. |
| Did comet's fiery destruction lead to downfall of ancient Hopewell? Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST The rapid decline of the Hopewell culture about 1,500 years ago might be explained by falling debris from a near-Earth comet that created a devastating explosion over North America, laying waste to forests and Native American villages alike. Researchers found evidence of a cosmic airburst at 11 Hopewell archaeological sites in three states stretching across the Ohio River Valley. |
| Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST Astronomers have confirmed the existence of the second Earth Trojan asteroid known to date, the 2020 XL5, after a decade of search. |
| Researchers develop highly accurate modeling tool to predict COVID-19 risk Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST Researchers have combined location density with real-world mobility data to predict the risk of infection from COVID-19 at specific locations with unprecedented accuracy. |
| Microwave data assimilation improves forecasts of hurricane intensity, rainfall Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST In 2017, Hurricane Harvey stalled after making landfall over coastal Texas, pouring down record rainfall, flooding communities and becoming one of the wettest and most destructive storms in United States history. A new technique using readily available data reduces forecast errors and could improve track, intensity and rainfall forecasts for future storms like Hurricane Harvey, according to scientists. |
| Picture warnings on sodas? A promising tool to fight childhood obesity Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST The first study in a laboratory 'mini mart' shows picture warnings reduced parental purchases of sugary drinks like juice and soda. Researchers say the warning labels could be new tool in fighting childhood obesity. |
| Obesity may increase risk of some female reproductive disorders Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing female reproductive disorders, however, the roles and mechanisms of obesity in the cause(s) of reproductive conditions are unclear. A study suggests an etiological link between obesity and a range of female reproductive conditions, but the extent of this link differs among conditions. |
| Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST Phasing out animal agriculture represents 'our best and most immediate chance to reverse the trajectory of climate change,' according to a new model developed by scientists. |
| Paris Agreement limits still catastrophic for coral reefs, research suggests Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST Limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C above pre-industrial levels will still be catastrophic for coral reefs, new research suggests. More than 90 percent of tropical coral reefs will suffer frequent heat stress -- their number one threat -- even under Paris Agreement climate warming limits. The scale is even worse than predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which reported in 2018 that such a level would cause 70 percent to 90 percent of coral reefs to decline. |
| Extreme heat is the 'new normal' for the ocean Posted: 01 Feb 2022 11:39 AM PST New research reveals excessively warm ocean temperatures driven by climate change are the new normal. The study establishes that more than half of the ocean surface has exceeded a historical heat extreme threshold on a regular basis since 2014. Researchers conducted the study by mapping 150 years of sea surface temperatures to determine a fixed historical benchmark for marine heat extremes. The scientists then looked at how often and how much of the ocean surpassed this point. The first year in which more than half of the ocean experienced heat extremes was 2014. The trend continued in subsequent years, reaching 57 percent of the ocean in 2019, the last year measured in the study. Using this benchmark, just two percent of the ocean surface was experiencing extremely warm temperatures at the end of the 19th century. |
| Single-use sensor strips detect cerebrospinal fluid leaks Posted: 01 Feb 2022 08:53 AM PST Researchers developed a single-use sensor strip that can be used with a circuit board to detect cerebrospinal fluid leaks. They collected nine clinical samples and introduced the test fluid into a small liquid channel on the tip of the sensor strips. The liquid channel held electrodes, which contained antibodies specific to proteins found only in human cerebrospinal fluid. The circuit board analyzed the signal and produced a four-digit number that correlates to the concentration of the protein beta-2-transferrin, found in CSF. |
| More predictive in vitro assays may improve nanomedicine Posted: 01 Feb 2022 08:52 AM PST One recent obstacle to drug delivery research is an observed weak correlation between in vitro and in vivo performance. When nanoparticles are applied intravenously, they face several obstacles that differ from in vitro situations. Nanoparticles are usually covered by a biomolecular multilayer (a protein corona), which alters the physiochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity profile of the nanoparticles. |
| Posted: 01 Feb 2022 08:52 AM PST First generation COVID-19 vaccines have been highly effective, but also have limitations. Now, scientists have developed a more targeted vaccine that, in animal studies, shows stronger, broader, and more durable protection in a single, low dose. |
| Researchers study waves created by recreational boats Posted: 01 Feb 2022 08:52 AM PST A new study found that popular wakesurf boats require a greater distance from the shoreline and other boats compared to more typical recreational boats. This distance is needed to reduce the potential impact of their larger waves. |
| A new way to store sustainable energy: 'Information batteries' Posted: 01 Feb 2022 08:52 AM PST Renewable energy has an intermittency problem -- the sun provides no power at night, while winds can stop suddenly. Better battery storage is considered key to solving the intermittency problem by storing energy when the wind and sun are strong. But current storage solutions, including lithium-ion batteries and pumped hydro, are expensive and challenging to scale. What if surplus renewable energy could be stored as computation instead? |
| Urgent investment needed in preventing deadly disease Posted: 01 Feb 2022 08:52 AM PST Researchers are calling for urgent investment in the prevention of a devastating emerging disease that kills tens of thousands of people each year. A global systematic review reports on the frequency of a range of serious complications and very high risk for death among patients with found non-typhoidal Salmonella invasive disease. |
| The power of chaos: A robust and low-cost cryptosystem for the post-quantum era Posted: 01 Feb 2022 08:52 AM PST Scientists develop a chaos-based stream cipher that can withstand attacks from large-scale quantum computers. |
| Historic buildings could be protected from rising energy bills by solar panels Posted: 01 Feb 2022 08:52 AM PST Installing solar panels could help historic buildings beat the rising costs of energy, according to a new study. |
| Expanding renewable energy need not hinder conservation efforts Posted: 01 Feb 2022 08:52 AM PST A study has found that expanding green energy production sites in the future won't necessarily be a threat to protected areas of land. |
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