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| Sidewinding young stellar jets spied by Gemini South Posted: 21 Jan 2022 01:55 PM PST Sinuous stellar jets meander lazily across a field of stars in new images. The gently curving stellar jets are the outflow from young stars, and astronomers suspect their sidewinding appearances are caused by the gravitational attraction of companion stars. These crystal-clear observations were made using the Gemini South telescope's adaptive optics system, which helps astronomers counteract the blurring effects of atmospheric turbulence. |
| Tug of sun, moon could be driving plate motions on ‘imbalanced’ Earth Posted: 21 Jan 2022 01:55 PM PST A study proposes that imbalanced forces and torques in the Earth-moon-sun system drive circulation of the whole mantle. The new analysis provides an alternative to the hypothesis that the movement of tectonic plates is related to convection currents in the Earth's mantle. |
| Breakthrough COVID-19 infections spur strong antibody responses Posted: 21 Jan 2022 01:55 PM PST People vaccinated three times or vaccinated after an earlier COVID-19 infection had comparable neutralizing antibody activity to those with a breakthrough case, according to a new study. |
| River flows linked to the ups and downs of imperiled Chinook salmon population Posted: 21 Jan 2022 11:54 AM PST A study has discovered that sufficient water flows during summer can be critical to a Chinook salmon population in the interior of British Columbia. |
| Form fit: Device wraps around hot surfaces, turns wasted heat to electricity Posted: 21 Jan 2022 11:54 AM PST The energy systems that power our lives also produce wasted heat -- like heat that radiates off hot water pipes in buildings and exhaust pipes on vehicles. A new flexible thermoelectric generator can wrap around pipes and other hot surfaces and convert wasted heat into electricity more efficiently than previously possible, according to scientists. |
| Rusting iron can be its own worst enemy Posted: 21 Jan 2022 11:54 AM PST Atom-level simulations reveal the reason iron rusts in supposedly 'inert' supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. Trace amounts of water can cause a reaction at the interface between iron and the fluid, prompting the formation of corrosive chemicals. |
| Harnessing noise in optical computing for AI Posted: 21 Jan 2022 11:54 AM PST A research team has developed an optical computing system for AI and machine learning that not only mitigates the noise inherent to optical computing but actually uses some of it as input to help enhance the creative output of the artificial neural network within the system. |
| Mange outbreak decimated a wild vicuna population in Argentina Posted: 21 Jan 2022 11:54 AM PST Mange has decimated the population of wild vicunas and guanacos in an Argentinian national park that was created to conserve them, according to a new study. The findings suggest domestic llamas introduced to the site may have been the source of the outbreak. Cascading consequences for local predator and scavenger species are expected. |
| Research finds patients and providers differ in opinions about immediate access to medical records Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:49 AM PST A recent study found that about 63% of clinicians surveyed agree that immediate release of electronic medical records is more confusing than helpful to patients. |
| In Science, small groups create big ideas Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:49 AM PST To understand the dynamics of emerging topics in science and medicine, researchers looked at researcher participation in articles containing emerging keywords over 50 years. They found that although more human resources are needed for publication, large research groups less frequently generate emerging topics. Moreover, expertise in certain topics has become important for generating emerging topics, and researchers who generate emerging topics now tend to remain in that field. |
| Changing the genetic 'recipe' for protovertebrates Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:49 AM PST Researchers conducted single-cell gene expression analysis to uncover the effects of manipulation of the sensory cell regulator POU IV in the protovertebrate Ciona intestinalis. Alteration of POU IV expression led to the induction of cells with characteristics of multiple sensory cell types and cells that express a gene expression profile that has not been previously observed in Ciona intestinalis. The activation of upstream POU IV regulators Foxg and Neurogenin was identified as a possible mechanism underlying the unusual sensory cell development. |
| Reinterpreting our brain's body maps Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:48 AM PST Our brain maps out our body to facilitate accurate motor control. For a century, the body map has been thought to have applied to all types of motor actions. Now, a research group has revealed that the body relies on multiple maps based on the choice of motor system. |
| New efficiency record for solar cell technology Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:48 AM PST A research team has set a new record in the power conversion efficiency of solar cells made using perovskite and organic materials. Their latest work demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of 23.6%, approaching that of conventional silicon solar cells. This technological breakthrough paves the way for flexible, light-weight, low cost and ultra-thin photovoltaic cells for wide-ranging applications. |
| Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:48 AM PST Researchers have developed a new control approach that enables a legged robot, called ANYmal, to move quickly and robustly over difficult terrain. Thanks to machine learning, the robot can combine its visual perception of the environment with its sense of touch for the first time. |
| Balanced diet can mitigate negative impact of pests for bumblebees Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:48 AM PST Bumblebees are important pollinators because they pollinate many different plant species and are extremely resilient. They can still manage to fly at temperatures that are too cold for other pollinators. Like many other insects, they are in sharp decline. This makes it even more important to find out what bumblebees need to reproduce successfully. A team has shown that a diverse landscape and a diverse pollen diet, which the bumblebees collect as a protein source to nourish their offspring, play a significant role in this. A more diverse diet could even mitigate negative effects of infestation with parasitic wax moth larvae. |
| New neutron-based method helps keep underwater pipelines open Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:48 AM PST Industry and private consumers alike depend on oil and gas pipelines that stretch thousands of kilometers underwater. It is not uncommon for these pipelines to become clogged with deposits. Until now, there have been few means of identifying the formation of plugs in-situ and non-destructively. Measurements now show that neutrons may provide the solution of choice. |
| Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:48 AM PST In a win-win for commercial fisheries and marine wildlife, researchers have found that using lighted nets greatly reduced accidental bycatch of sharks, rays, sea turtles, and unwanted finfish. |
| Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:48 AM PST Vortex dynamics simulations reveal reconnection, an important property linked with creation of turbulence cascade, fluid mixing, and aerodynamic noise generation. Turbulent pipe flow simulated at high Reynolds number of up to 5,000. |
| Late-life exercise shows rejuvenating effects on cellular level Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:48 AM PST When 2-year old mice were studied after two months of progressive weighted wheel running, despite having no prior training, it was determined that they were the epigenetic age of mice eight weeks younger than sedentary mice of the same age. |
| Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:48 AM PST Scientists have made a discovery about the properties of water that could provide an exciting addendum to a phenomenon established over two centuries ago. The discovery also holds interesting possibilities for cooling devices and processes in industrial applications using only the basic properties of water. |
| People who are depressed may be more susceptible to misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:48 AM PST In a 50-state survey-based study, adults with depressive symptoms were twice as likely to support misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines. People who endorsed false statements were half as likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19. |
| Sex-typical behavior of male, female mice guided by differences in brain’s gene activity Posted: 21 Jan 2022 09:44 AM PST Scientists found more than 1,000 gene-activation differences between female and male mice's brains, plus more than 600 between females in different stages of their reproductive cycle. |
| AI light-field camera reads 3D facial expressions Posted: 21 Jan 2022 06:43 AM PST Machine-learned, light-field camera reads facial expressions from high-contrast illumination invariant 3D facial images. |
| Consistent asteroid showers rock previous thinking on Mars craters Posted: 21 Jan 2022 06:43 AM PST New research has confirmed the frequency of asteroid collisions that formed impact craters on Mars has been consistent over the past 600 million years. |
| Scientists build 'valves' in DNA to shape biological information flows Posted: 21 Jan 2022 06:43 AM PST Scientists have developed new biological parts that are able to shape the flow of cellular processes along DNA. |
| Oral immunotherapy induces remission of peanut allergy in some young children Posted: 20 Jan 2022 05:12 PM PST A clinical trial has found that giving peanut oral immunotherapy to highly peanut-allergic children ages 1 to 3 years safely desensitized most of them to peanut and induced remission of peanut allergy in one-fifth. |
| Motor proteins haul precious cargo in neurons: How can we control their movement? Posted: 20 Jan 2022 01:51 PM PST Inside neurons, motor proteins haul precious cargo, moving essential goods along thread-like roadways called microtubule tracks. |
| Novel microscopic picoshell particles developed Posted: 20 Jan 2022 01:51 PM PST Bioengineers have created a new type of petri dish in the form of microscopic, permeable particles that can dramatically speed up research and development (R&D) timelines of biological products, such as fatty acids for biofuels. Dubbed PicoShells, the picoliter (trillionth of a liter), porous, hydrogel particles can enable more than one million individual cells to be compartmentalized, cultured in production-relevant environments, and selected based on growth and biomass accumulation traits using standard cell-processing equipment. |
| New MRI expands access to life-saving imaging Posted: 20 Jan 2022 01:51 PM PST MRI is a powerful medical tool that provides detailed images of everything from bones and joints to the brain and spinal cord, but millions of patients can't benefit from the improved care it provides. Implanted devices like defibrillators and pacemakers interfere with the MRI's magnetic signal, while obese and claustrophobic patients are often unable to get into the small opening on a traditional MRI machine. |
| Smarter catalysts through 'induced activation' Posted: 20 Jan 2022 01:51 PM PST Researchers propose a novel method of significantly enhancing the catalytic efficiency of materials already in broad commercial usage, a process they have termed 'induced activation.' |
| Pristine groundwater seeps support native algae on Hawai‘i’s coasts Posted: 20 Jan 2022 01:51 PM PST Native marine macroalgae, also known as limu, or as seaweed, thrive in environments created by natural groundwater seeps, specifically benefiting from the combined effects of enhanced nutrients despite lowered salinity levels, according to a new review. |
| Researchers highlight COVID-19 neurological symptoms and need for rigorous studies Posted: 20 Jan 2022 01:50 PM PST In a new article, experts highlight what is currently known about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the brain, the importance of increased research into the underlying causes of Long COVID and possible ways to treat its symptoms. |
| Poor fidelity may mean effective education strategies never see light of day Posted: 20 Jan 2022 01:50 PM PST Promising new education interventions are potentially being 'unnecessarily scrapped' because trials to test their effectiveness are insufficiently faithful to the original research, a study warns. Researchers ran a large-scale computer simulation to examine how much 'fidelity' compromises the results of school-based trials of new learning innovations and strategies. 'Fidelity' is the extent to which these evaluations adhere to the original research on which the educational intervention is based. |
| Quantum dots boost perovskite solar cell efficiency and scalability Posted: 20 Jan 2022 11:07 AM PST Scientists have boosted the efficiency and scalability of perovskite solar cells by replacing their electron-transport layers with a thin layer of quantum dots. |
| Undescended testis: Fate of fertility predicted by blood biomarkers Posted: 20 Jan 2022 11:07 AM PST In boys with undescended testis, the risk of developing infertility is traditionally predicted based on a decrease in germ cell count observed using testicular biopsy samples. However, the process of testicular biopsy carries the risk of injury, infection, and developing subfertility. In a new study, researchers from Japan have identified an alternative means of predicting future infertility based on serum sex hormone ratios without performing the testicular biopsy. |
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