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| Bringing 400-million-year-old fossilized armored worms to ‘virtual’ life Posted: 30 Nov 2021 02:39 PM PST Scientists have documented the discovery of two new species of fossilized armored worms in Australia -- Lepidocoleus caliburnus and Lepidocoleus shurikenus -- dating from about 400 million years ago. Then, using the micro-CT imaging capabilities of the MU X-ray Microanalysis Core facility, the researchers were able to develop first-of-its-kind digital 3D-models of the species' individual armor plates by virtually examining the armored skeletons of these ancient worms, called machaeridians. |
| Synthetic tissue can repair hearts, muscles, and vocal cords Posted: 30 Nov 2021 12:04 PM PST Combining knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering, scientists from McGill University develop a biomaterial tough enough to repair the heart, muscles, and vocal cords, representing a major advance in regenerative medicine. |
| Brief presence of water in Arabia Terra on Mars Posted: 30 Nov 2021 12:04 PM PST Scientists recently discovered that water was once present in a region of Mars called Arabia Terra. |
| Summer rains in American Southwest are not your typical monsoon Posted: 30 Nov 2021 12:04 PM PST Monsoons are continental weather events produced when intense summer sunlight heats land more than ocean. But new supercomputer simulations show that North America's only monsoon works differently. The North American monsoon, which drenches western Mexico and the American Southwest each summer, is generated when the jet stream collides with the Sierra Madre mountains, which diverts it southward and upward, condensing moisture laden air from the eastern Pacific into torrential rains. |
| Holistic framework can assess fisheries’ strengths and potential weaknesses Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST A new decision-making framework designed by an international team of fisheries researchers can help fisheries bolster their ability to adapt to a warming world. The tool is meant to take a lot of the guesswork out of finding resilience in a time of climate change. |
| Time crystal in a quantum computer Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST Researchers have created and observed a new phase of matter, popularly known as a time crystal. |
| As LA traffic slowed amid the pandemic, researchers gained new insight into air pollution Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST Car tailpipes spew out molecules of ammonia, a harmful air pollutant that can lead to thousands of premature deaths every year. New research shows that vehicles may produce a lot more of these emissions than federal and state regulators have believed. |
| Ubiquitous food additive alters human microbiota and intestinal environment Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST New clinical research indicates that a widely used food additive, carboxymethylcellulose, alters the intestinal environment of healthy persons, perturbing levels of beneficial bacteria and nutrients. These findings demonstrate the need for further study of the long-term impacts of this food additive on health. |
| Extraordinary Roman mosaic and villa discovered beneath farmer's field in Rutland, UK Posted: 30 Nov 2021 09:16 AM PST Archaeologists have unearthed the first Roman mosaic of its kind in the UK. |
| Reshaping the plastic lifecycle into a circle Posted: 30 Nov 2021 08:25 AM PST New research gives a bird's-eye view of the scale of plastic creation globally, tracing where it's produced, where it ends up, and its environmental impact. |
| Scientists can control brain circuits, behavior, and emotion using light Posted: 30 Nov 2021 08:25 AM PST Scientists can control brain circuits, behavior, and emotion using light. Researchers developed a new optogenetic tool, 'Opto-vTrap', which is expected to contribute to treatment for epilepsy, muscle spasms, and skin wrinkles. |
| Global HIV viral suppression rates too low among children and adolescents Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:15 AM PST An analysis in the lead up to World AIDS Day reveals that HIV is 'virally suppressed' in only 59 per cent of children and adolescents on treatment. |
| Reduced meat diet has many advantages Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:14 AM PST Which diet is better: moderately reduce meat consumption and eat more fruit, vegetables and wholegrain products or eating more fish and seafood? Or even switch completely to a vegan diet? A new study shows that the answer to these questions is not as clear-cut as one might think -- depending on which impacts one closely looks. |
| Nonverbal social interactions – even with unfriendly avatars – boost cooperation Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:14 AM PST Scientists used animated humanoid avatars to study how nonverbal cues influence people's behavior. The research offers insight into the brain mechanisms that drive social and economic decision-making. |
| Courting success: Why the 'head' outsmarts the body in basketball Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:14 AM PST A new study reveals why coaches believe 'game intelligence,' work ethic and competitiveness are far more important than physical fitness in determining success on the basketball court. |
| Closest pair of supermassive black holes yet Posted: 30 Nov 2021 05:43 AM PST Astronomers have revealed the closest pair of supermassive black holes to Earth ever observed. The two objects also have a much smaller separation than any other previously spotted pair of supermassive black holes and will eventually merge into one giant black hole. |
| Largest comet ever observed was active at near-record distance Posted: 29 Nov 2021 02:28 PM PST Astronomers show that comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein (BB), the largest comet ever discovered, was active long before previously thought, meaning the ice within it is vaporizing and forming an envelope of dust and vapor known as a coma. Only one active comet has been observed farther from the sun, and it was much smaller than comet BB. |
| Strong winds power electric fields in the upper atmosphere Posted: 29 Nov 2021 02:27 PM PST Using observations from NASA's ICON mission, scientists presented the first direct measurements of Earth's long-theorized dynamo on the edge of space: a wind-driven electrical generator that spans the globe 60-plus miles above our heads. The dynamo churns in the ionosphere, the electrically charged boundary between Earth and space. It's powered by tidal winds in the upper atmosphere that are faster than most hurricanes and rise from the lower atmosphere, creating an electrical environment that can affect satellites and technology on Earth. |
| Artificial intelligence that understands object relationships Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:51 PM PST Researchers developed a machine learning model that understands the underlying relationships between objects in a scene and can generate accurate images of scenes from text descriptions. |
| Timber or steel? Study helps builders reduce carbon footprint of truss structures Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:51 PM PST A new analysis could help architects and builders reduce the carbon footprint of truss structures, the crisscrossing struts that bolster bridges, towers, and buildings. |
| Extinct swordfish-shaped marine reptile discovered Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Researchers have discovered a new marine reptile. The specimen, a stunningly preserved meter-long skull, is one of the last surviving ichthyosaurs -- ancient animals that look eerily like living swordfish. |
| Team builds first living robots that can reproduce Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Scientists have discovered a new form of biological reproduction -- and created self-replicating living robots. Made from frog cells, these computer-designed organisms gather single cells inside a Pac-Man-shaped 'mouth' -- and release Xenobot 'babies' that look and move like themselves. Then the offspring go and do the same -- over and over. |
| How obesity damages the skeletal muscle metabolism Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST A decline in metabolism and endurance of skeletal muscle is commonly observed in obese patients, but the underlying mechanism is not well-understood. A research team uncovers a new mechanism to explain how obesity jeopardizes the functions of skeletal muscle and provides a potential treatment against the disease. |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Polymers, the basis of all plastics, usually do not have an ordered structure, in contrast to biopolymers such as proteins. A team of researchers has now developed a polymer that can be differentiated into folded (ordered) and unfolded (disordered) domains using UV irradiation. The team's work offers new possibilities for developing functional soft materials. |
| Parallels in human, dog oral tumors could speed new therapies Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Recent research compared the genetic expression profiles of a nonlethal canine tumor and the rare, devastating human oral tumor it resembles, laying the groundwork for potential translational medicine down the road. |
| Climate change is making one of the world’s strongest currents flow faster Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the only ocean current that circumnavigates the planet, is speeding up. For the first time, scientists are able to tell that this is happening by taking advantage of a decades-long set of observational records. |
| Research pushes auto industry closer to clean cars powered by direct ethanol fuel cells Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Alternative-energy research is charting a path toward the mass adoption of clean cars powered by direct-ethanol fuel cells. |
| Why we must avoid temperature overshoot Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST A new international study shows how near-term mitigation can help to prevent an overshoot in global temperatures, thereby reducing climate risks and bringing long-term economic gains. |
| Researchers light the way for organic glow-in-the-dark materials Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Organic materials could soon be utilized for glow-in-the-dark products, which has the potential to diversify and expand the already US$400 million industry, thanks to new research. |
| Potential new therapeutic pathway to clear chronic viral infections Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST A recent study in mice has uncovered that during chronic viral infection, a protein called BMI-1 gets turned on too early in B cells and messes up the delicate balance of gene expression, resulting in antibodies that are unsuccessful in their endeavor to clear the virus from the body. |
| New discovery opens the way for brain-like computers Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Research has long strived to develop computers to work as energy efficiently as our brains. A study has now succeeded in combining a memory function with a calculation function in the same component. The discovery opens the way for more efficient technologies, everything from mobile phones to self-driving cars. |
| Sun is likely an unaccounted source of the Earth’s water Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Curtin University researchers have helped unravel the enduring mystery of the origins of the Earth's water, finding the Sun to be a surprising likely source. |
| Getting the most therapeutic potential out of cells Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST A simple change in the way donor cells are processed can maximize a single cell's production of extracellular vesicles, which are small nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, according to new research. |
| Recycling of tectonic plates a key driver of Earth’s oxygen budget Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST A new study has identified serpentinite -- a green rock that looks a bit like snakeskin and holds fluids in its mineral structures -- as a key driver of the oxygen recycling process, which helped create and maintain the sustaining atmosphere for life on Earth. |
| Tracking down microplastics in Antarctica Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Microplastics are everywhere, even in the most remote places. Where do these tiny pieces of plastic come from? Researchers have shown that it takes precise analysis to answer this question. |
| Snow monkeys go fishing to survive harsh Japanese winters Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Snow monkeys living in one of the world's coldest regions survive by 'going fishing' -- scooping live animals, including brown trout, out of Japanese rivers and eating them to stay alive, a new study reveals. |
| Waterfall sounds used as a telltale sign of water loss Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Waterfalls have a specific threshold of water flow that must be maintained to preserve their characteristic sound and appearance, according to research that used audio recordings and images to monitor waterfalls in Europe. With this new method, scientists can use a waterfall's sound and appearance to track changes in its flow as human interventions and climate change impact water levels, according to the new study. |
| Eight worst wildfire weather years on record happened in the last decade Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST The world's eight most extreme wildfire weather years on record have occurred in the last decade, according to a new study that suggests extreme weather is being driven by a decrease in atmospheric humidity coupled with rising temperatures. |
| Researchers shrink camera to the size of a salt grain Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Researchers have developed an ultracompact camera the size of a coarse grain of salt. The new system can produce crisp, full-color images on par with a conventional compound camera lens 500,000 times larger in volume. |
| Farmers spread Transeurasian languages Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST New research provides interdisciplinary support for the 'Farming Hypothesis' of language dispersal, tracing Transeurasian languages back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia beginning in the Early Neolithic -- roughly between 8-10 thousand years ago. |
| Arctic krill respond to visual changes during Arctic night Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:23 AM PST New research finds that Arctic krill have a biological response to changes in light. When it is lightest in the Arctic polar night, usually around the middle of the day known as midday twilight, the krill know to swim down to the bottom in order to hide from predators. When it is darkest in the Arctic polar night, that's when they swim to the surface in search of bioluminescent food. |
| Sizing up the challenges in extracting lithium from geothermal brine Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:57 AM PST For geothermal fields around the world, produced geothermal brine has been simply injected back underground, but now it's become clear that the brines produced at the Salton Sea geothermal field contain an immense amount of lithium, a critical resource need for low-carbon transportation and energy storage. Demand for lithium is skyrocketing, as it is an essential ingredient in lithium-ion batteries. Researchers have recently published a comprehensive review of past and current technologies for extracting minerals from geothermal brine. |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Scientists describe how Antarctic fishes with and without hemoglobin react to acute thermal stress. The responses may help the fish withstand the impacts of climate change. |
| Scientists discover potential cause of Alzheimer’s Disease Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST In people with brain buildups, a key but difficult-to-detect difference in the form of tau protein allows scientists to distinguish people showing no outward signs of dementia from those who do. |
| Efficient organic solar cells processed from green solvents Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST A small guest molecule in the right place makes it possible to produce energy-efficient organic solar cells using eco-friendly solvents. A record efficiency over 17% is demonstrated. In addition, solar cells with larger areas can be produced. |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST A new species of parasitoid wasp that constructs remarkable star-shaped cocoon masses is reported from the biodiversity hot spot Ryukyu Islands. Researchers observed how the wasps construct 'stars' after making their way out of the moth larvae they inhabit during their own larval stage. |
| Nibbling prehistoric herbivore sheds new light on Triassic diversity Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST A Triassic herbivore, known for its supposed similarities to a modern-day ostrich, has been revealed to have entirely different approach to feeding from previously thought. |
| Study reveals a protein’s key contribution to heterogeneity of neurons Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Tomosyn's tight regulation of neurotransmitter release distinguishes functions of two neuron classes at the fly neuromuscular junction, incluiding their ability to engage in a form of plasticity |
| Programmable interaction between quantum magnets Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Researchers have succeeded in their aim of not only changing the strength but also the nature of the interaction between microscopic quantum magnets, known as spins. Instead of falling into a state of complete disorder, the especially prepared magnets can maintain their original orientation for a long period. With these findings, the physicists have successfully demonstrated a programmable control of spin interactions in isolated quantum systems. |
| Development of an artificial vision device capable of mimicking human optical illusions Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Researchers have developed an ionic artificial vision device capable of increasing the edge contrast between the darker and lighter areas of an mage in a manner similar to that of human vision. This first-ever synthetic mimicry of human optical illusions was achieved using ionic migration and interaction within solids. It may be possible to use the device to develop compact, energy-efficient visual sensing and image processing hardware systems capable of processing analog signals. |
| A rocky fate for greenhouse gases Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Researchers use synchrotron X-ray total scattering and quantum computer simulations to model the crystal structure of amorphous magnesium carbonate as a function of temperature. As a precursor to crystalline magnesium carbonate hydrate materials, which can trap atmospheric carbon dioxide, understanding its properties can help lead to effective carbon sequestration methods to fight global warming. |
| Method to reveal undesired biological effects of chemicals Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST How do pollutants and other chemicals that we are exposed to affect our health? Researchers have applied a method to identify the proteins in the body affected by chemicals. The method can be used to discover at an early stage whether a substance has biological effects in an organism. |
| This is how the superbug Pseudomonas aeruginosa reacts to antibiotics Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:55 AM PST The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to all antibiotics on the market. Therefore, there is a great need for new therapeutic approaches. In order to find them, it helps to understand how the germ reacts to active substances. |
| Scientists produce new antibiotics by gene editing Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:55 AM PST Scientists have discovered a new route to produce complex antibiotics exploiting gene editing to re-program pathways to future medicines urgently required to combat antimicrobial resistance, treat neglected diseases and prevent future pandemics. |
| Study links increasing air pollution to the rise of a type of lung cancer Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:55 AM PST An international team of scientists has linked increased air pollution to an uptick in cases of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) worldwide. The same study also concluded an overall lower consumption of tobacco worldwide is statistically linked to less people contracting lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:55 AM PST In part of a recent human study led by the Technical University of Munich (TUM), it was found that after eating a curry dish containing pepper, piperine - an alkaloid responsible for the pungency of pepper - was present in the milk of breastfeeding women. The findings help decipher mechanisms that shape our food preferences from infancy. |
| Statin use affects prostate cancer screening results Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:55 AM PST Prostate cancer screening results differ in men taking cholesterol-lowering statin drugs compared with non-users, a study finds. In statin users, screening did not increase the incidence of prostate cancer as it did in other men. |
| Breakthrough in understanding motor neuron disease Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:55 AM PST Researchers have made a major discovery in understanding motor neuron disease (MND). The research team has found that MND has 4 distinct patterns of changes in electrical signals that can be identified using EEG (electroencephalography). |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:36 AM PST By understanding the epidemiology and population biology of a significant and high-priority pathogen, Enteroccocus faecium (E. faecium) in Irish hospitals, researchers are providing the evidence base for more effective surveillance, and infection and prevention control strategies aimed at minimizing the spread of the antibiotic resistant bacteria. |
| How can our brain still perceive familiar objects even when they become indistinct? Posted: 26 Nov 2021 10:44 PM PST Researchers have explored the brain neuronal mechanism that allows the perception of familiar images even if they are indistinct. They found that the number of neurons responding to low-contrast rather than high-contrast visual stimuli increased in rats performing a visual orientation discrimination task after repeated experiences. These neurons showed stronger activities in correct-choice than incorrect-choice trials. These neurons efficiently represented low-contrast stimulations. Thus, the low-contrast preference in V1 activity may contribute to improved low-contrast visual. discrimination. |
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