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ScienceDaily: Most Popular News |
| To understand future habitat needs for chimpanzees, look to the past Posted: 23 Aug 2021 11:36 AM PDT A new study provides insight into where chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) avoided climate instability during glacial and interglacial periods in Africa over the past 120,000 years. |
| Sustained fast rates of evolution explain how tetrapods evolved from fish Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:58 AM PDT Biologists establish the origin date of the earliest tetrapods and discover they acquired several of the major new adaptive traits that enabled vertebrate life on land at accelerated evolutionary rates. |
| Study assesses risk that fruits, vegetables sold in U.S. are products of forced labor Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:58 AM PDT A new scoring method to identify the risk of forced labor in fruits and vegetables sold in the U.S. has been developed by researchers. Limited, scattered data serve as a call to action to build evidence base and address accompanying equity issues. |
| Blueprints for how human kidneys form their filtering units Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:58 AM PDT A team of scientists has conducted a comprehensive analysis reconstructing how kidneys form their filtering units, known as nephrons. The team studied hundreds of human and mouse nephrons at various points along their typical developmental trajectories, comparing important processes that have been conserved during the nearly 200 million years of evolution since humans and mice diverged from their common mammalian ancestor. The study details the similar genetic machinery that underpins nephron formation in humans and mice, enabling other groups of scientists to follow the logic of these developmental programs to make new types of kidney cells. |
| Understanding how elephants use their trunk Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:58 AM PDT The elephant proboscis (trunk) exhibits an extraordinary kinematic versatility as it can manipulate a single blade of grass but also carry loads up to 270 kilograms. Using motion-capture technologies developed for the movie industry, a team of scientists demonstrates that the complex behaviors of the elephant trunk emerge from the combination of a finite set of basic movements such as the propagation of an inward curvature and the formation of pseudo-joints. |
| Volcanoes acted as a safety valve for Earth’s long-term climate Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:58 AM PDT Scientists have discovered that extensive chains of volcanoes have been responsible for both emitting and then removing atmospheric carbon dioxide over geological time. This stabilized temperatures at Earth's surface. |
| Phosphorescent material inspired by ‘glow in the dark’ wood Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:58 AM PDT Scientists have harnessed the natural ability of wood to faintly glow to develop a new sustainable phosphorescent material that could potentially be used in a wide number of applications, from medical imaging and optical sensing to 'glow in the dark' dyes and paints. |
| Meeting biodiversity, climate, and water objectives through integrated strategies Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:58 AM PDT We are collectively failing to conserve the world's biodiversity and to mobilize natural solutions to help curb global warming. A new study shows that managing a strategically placed 30% of land for conservation could safeguard 70% of all considered terrestrial plant and vertebrate animal species, while simultaneously conserving more than 62% of the world's above and below ground vulnerable carbon, and 68% of all clean water. |
| Volcanism drove rapid ocean deoxygenation during the time of the dinosaurs Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:58 AM PDT Ocean deoxygenation during the Mesozoic Era was much more rapid than previous thought, with CO2 induced environmental warming creating ocean 'dead zones' over timescales of only tens of thousands of years. The research paints a new picture of severe ocean deoxygenation events in our planet's geologic history. |
| Understanding cookiecutter sharks Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:58 AM PDT A little understood species of shark, known for taking cookie cutter-shaped bites out of everything from white sharks and whales to the rubber coated sonar sensors on submarines and even underwater electrical cables, is the subject of a new study. While the deep sea dwelling Cookiecutter shark will take a chomp out of anything it encounters in the upper reaches of the ocean, it really feasts on crustaceans, squid and small fish found in their habitat. |
| Eyes provide peek at Alzheimer’s disease risk Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT Amyloid plaques found in the retinas of eyes may be an indicator of similar plaques in the brain, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and may provide a more visible biomarker for detecting disease risk. |
| Machine learning links material composition and performance in catalysts Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT In a finding that could help pave the way toward cleaner fuels and a more sustainable chemical industry, researchers have used machine learning to predict how the compositions of metal alloys and metal oxides affect their electronic structures. |
| Steep rise in cardiac arrests associated with opioid use Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT A nationwide US study has shown that the rate of opioid-related cardiac arrests has steeply risen and is now on par with the rate of cardiac arrest from other causes. Opioid use disorder, which includes dependence and addiction, affects more than two million people in the US, while opioid overdose is the leading cause of death for those aged 25 to 64 years. This study examined the trends and outcomes of opioid-related cardiac arrest in 2012 to 2018. The US Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) was used to study all hospitalisations for cardiac arrest in active or chronic opioid users compared to cardiac arrests in patients not using opioids. |
| High-rate magnesium rechargeable batteries move one step closer to realization Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT Magnesium rechargeable batteries show immense promise for a greener future because of their energy density, safety, and cost. But the lack of high-performance cathode materials has impeded their development. Now, a research team has developed liquid-sulfur/sulfide composite cathodes that enable high-rate magnesium batteries. |
| Mathematical model predicts best way to build muscle Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT Researchers have developed a mathematical model that can predict the optimum exercise regime for building muscle. |
| New spontaneous mouse model shows promise for bolstering Sjögren's syndrome treatment Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that attacks the tear duct and salivary glands, leading to patients suffering unbearable dry eyes and mouth. To date, treatment options have been limited. But this may change thanks to a recently developed mouse model that will help explain the pathogenic mechanisms behind the disease. |
| Smallest biosupercapacitor provides energy for biomedical applications Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT The miniaturization of microelectronic sensor technology, microelectronic robots or intravascular implants is progressing rapidly. However, it also poses major challenges for research. One of the biggest is the development of tiny but efficient energy storage devices that enable the operation of autonomously working microsystems -- in more and more smaller areas of the human body for example. In addition, these energy storage devices must be bio-compatible if they are to be used in the body at all. Now there is a prototype that combines these essential properties. |
| Rise and fall of water blisters offers glimpse beneath Greenland’s thick ice sheet Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT A study found that as meltwater lakes on the surface of Greenland's ice sheet rapidly drain, they create water blisters between the ice and the bedrock that scientists could use to understand the hydrological network below Greenland's thick inland ice sheet. These networks could affect the stability of the ice sheet as Earth's climate warms. |
| Possible antidote for club drug GHB overdose Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT Diclofenac and other NSAIDs may limit the passage of narcolepsy medication and illicit party drug GHB to the brain, decreasing the potential for fatal overdose, researchers find. |
| New air routes are vital for organ transplants Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT Research suggests that introducing new airline routes reduces the discard rate of donated kidneys and increases the number of kidneys sent to transplant centers across the U.S. |
| Lightweight composite material inspects itself: Changes in color indicate deformations Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:57 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new type of laminate that changes color as soon as the material is deformed. This way, the materials researchers can kill two birds with one stone: a lightweight composite material that inspects itself. |
| Benefits outweigh risks for autonomous vehicles - if they are regulated Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:56 AM PDT Experts have assessed the risks and potential benefits associated with deploying autonomous vehicles (AVs) on U.S. roads and predicts that the benefits will substantially outweigh potential harms -- but only if the AVs are well regulated. |
| Pecan-enriched diet shown to reduce cholesterol Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:56 AM PDT Researchers show that pecans can dramatically improve a person's cholesterol levels. |
| No-till production farmers can cut herbicide use, control weeds, protect profits Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:56 AM PDT Farmers using no-till production -- in which soil never or rarely is plowed or disturbed -- can reduce herbicide use and still maintain crop yields by implementing integrated weed-management methods, according to a new study. |
| Preclinical study defines the spleen-heart connection in cardiac repair Posted: 23 Aug 2021 08:03 AM PDT A preclinical study has analyzed the interactions of the lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the spleen and heart during the transition from acute to chronic heart failure. Using a mouse model of heart failure, the researchers discovered new mechanisms to help define how the spleen and heart coordinate physiological inflammation in cardiac repair. |
| New discovery pinpoints the ‘golden window’ for IVF success Posted: 23 Aug 2021 08:03 AM PDT Researchers find a way to better pinpoint the 'golden window' when a womb is ready for pregnancy, in a discovery that could help boost IVF success rates. |
| Exercise maintains normal heart rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation Posted: 23 Aug 2021 08:03 AM PDT A six-month exercise program helps maintain normal heart rhythm and reduces the severity of symptoms in patients with atrial fibrillation, according to new research. |
| Researchers spot a 'golden' bear while studying endangered spectacled bears in Peru Posted: 23 Aug 2021 08:03 AM PDT The number of spectacled bears in Peru might be larger than suspected, a new study suggests. A team of researchers studied the population of the endangered species in Northern Peru. By identifying individuals through facial patterns, they were able to estimate the population density in the area and identify an unknown hotspot. Intriguingly, the researchers also observed the first 'golden' bear. |
| Gene editing could render mosquitoes infertile, reducing disease spread Posted: 23 Aug 2021 08:03 AM PDT Mosquitoes spread viruses that cause potentially deadly diseases such as Zika, dengue fever and yellow fever. New research uses gene editing to render certain male mosquitoes infertile and slow the spread of these diseases. |
| The Hobbit’s bite gets a stress test Posted: 23 Aug 2021 08:03 AM PDT If you've ever suffered from a sore jaw that popped or clicked when you chewed gum or crunched hard foods, you may be able to blame it on your extinct ancestors. That's according to a recent study of the chewing mechanics of an ancient human relative called Homo floresiensis, which inhabited the Indonesian island of Flores before our species arrived there some 50,000 years ago. |
| Think leisure is a waste? That may not bode well for your mental health Posted: 23 Aug 2021 07:43 AM PDT Feeling like leisure is wasteful and unproductive may lead to less happiness and higher levels of stress and depression, new research suggests. |
| Wildfire smoke exposure during pregnancy increases preterm birth risk Posted: 23 Aug 2021 07:43 AM PDT Smoke from wildfires may have contributed to thousands of additional premature births in California between 2007 and 2012. The findings underscore the value of reducing the risk of big, extreme wildfires and suggest pregnant people should avoid very smoky air. |
| Survival strategy of starving spruces trees: The critical role of reserves Posted: 23 Aug 2021 07:43 AM PDT Trees continue to form reserves even during long periods of starvation, study shows. |
| Alcohol use in young adults is associated with early aging of blood vessels Posted: 23 Aug 2021 07:43 AM PDT Drinking alcohol during adolescence to young adulthood is associated with accelerated arterial stiffening, a precursor to cardiovascular disease, according to a new study. |
| Delayed care for juvenile new-onset type 1 diabetes Posted: 23 Aug 2021 07:43 AM PDT Four out of ten children and adolescents who were admitted with new-onset type 1 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis did not receive hospital treatment the same day as contacts were taken with primary care. In severe cases, a delay before hospital care begins can lead to life-threatening conditions. |
| Scientists distill cow’s milk into nano-capsules for drug delivery Posted: 23 Aug 2021 06:42 AM PDT Scientists have developed a novel way to isolate exosomes from cow's milk. Exosomes are nano-sized biological capsules that cells produce to protect and courier delicate molecules throughout the body. Harvesting them to achieve clinical-grade levels of purity, however, is a complex process. |
| Interstellar comets like Borisov may not be all that rare Posted: 23 Aug 2021 05:56 AM PDT Astronomers calculate that the Oort Cloud may be home to more visiting objects than objects that belong to our solar system. |
| Synthetic tissue model with blood vessels Posted: 23 Aug 2021 05:56 AM PDT Researchers investigate which material properties support vessel formation. |
| One material with two functions could lead to faster memory Posted: 23 Aug 2021 05:56 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new light-emitting memory device by integrating a resistive random-access memory with a light-emitting electrochemical cell that are both based on perovskite. The results are promising for faster data storage and reading in future electronic devices and open a new avenue of applications for perovskite optoelectronics. |
| Gut bacteria and flavonoid-rich foods are linked and improve blood pressure levels Posted: 23 Aug 2021 05:56 AM PDT Flavonoids found in plants and plant foods such as berries, apples, tea, wine and dark chocolate are known to offer health benefits, including some protective effects on the cardiovascular system. A study of over 900 adults in Germany evaluated the quantity and frequency of eating flavonoid-rich foods and measured bacteria in the gut microbiome to determine if there was an association with blood pressure levels. |
| Antibody protects against broad range of COVID-19 virus variants Posted: 21 Aug 2021 08:39 AM PDT Researchers have identified an antibody that is highly protective against a broad range of variants of the virus that causes COVID-19. |
| Scholars dispel claims of cannibalistic Caribs Posted: 21 Aug 2021 08:39 AM PDT A group of scholars is denouncing what they call unsubstantiated and harmful claims of cannibalistic Caribs migrating to the Caribbean. |
| Rare Cambrian fossils from Utah reveal unexpected anatomical complexity in early comb jellies Posted: 21 Aug 2021 08:38 AM PDT Researchers describe two new species of fossil ctenophores from the mid-Cambrian of Western USA, one of which has a preserved nervous system, which illuminates the early evolution of nervous and sensory features in ctenophores. |
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