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Balanced reporting of sports head injuries Posted: 12 Feb 2019 04:09 PM PST A group of more than 60 leading international neuroscientists are asking for balance when reporting on sports-related injury chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). |
How breast tissue stiffening promotes breast cancer development Posted: 12 Feb 2019 04:09 PM PST By examining how mammary cells respond in a stiffness-changing hydrogel, researchers discovered that several pathways work together to signal breast cells to turn cancerous. The work could inspire new approaches to treating patients and inhibiting tumor growth. |
Researchers develop fire-retardant coating featuring renewable materials Posted: 12 Feb 2019 04:08 PM PST Researchers are developing a new kind of flame-retardant coating using renewable, nontoxic materials readily found in nature, which could provide even more effective fire protection for several widely used materials. |
Fractures, head injuries common in e-scooter collisions Posted: 12 Feb 2019 04:08 PM PST UCLA researchers have found that people involved in electric scooter accidents are sometimes injured badly enough -- from fractures, dislocated joints and head injuries -- to require treatment in an emergency department. |
Drinking and drug-use dreams in recovery tied to more severe addiction history Posted: 12 Feb 2019 04:08 PM PST Vivid dreams involving drinking and drug use are common among individuals in recovery. A study finds these relapse dreams are more common in those with more severe clinical histories of alcohol and other drug problems. |
Natural selection and spatial memory link shown in mountain chickadee research Posted: 12 Feb 2019 04:08 PM PST Chickadees with better learning and memory skills, needed to find numerous food caches, are more likely to survive their first winter, a long-term study of mountain chickadees has found. |
Uncovering the evolution of the brain Posted: 12 Feb 2019 04:08 PM PST What makes us human, and where does this mysterious property of 'humanness' come from? Humans are genetically similar to chimpanzees and bonobos, yet there exist obvious behavioral and cognitive differences. Now, researchers have developed a strategy to more easily study the early development of human neurons compared with the neurons of nonhuman primates. |
Indonesia's devastating 2018 earthquake was a rare supershear, UCLA study finds Posted: 12 Feb 2019 01:22 PM PST The devastating 7.5 magnitude earthquake that struck the Indonesian island of Sulawesi last September was a rare 'supershear' earthquake, according to a study led by UCLA researchers. Only a dozen supershear quakes have been identified in the past two decades. |
Role of estrogen in controlling Type 2 diabetes Posted: 12 Feb 2019 01:22 PM PST The results of a recent study provide insights into the mechanism by which estrogen can decrease insulin resistance and the production of glucose, reducing incidences of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
Testosterone limits for female athletes based on 'flawed' research Posted: 12 Feb 2019 01:00 PM PST New rules governing international track and field competitions would require some women to medically reduce their testosterone levels to compete. A new study suggests the regulations are rooted in flawed science. |
Large study fails to link phthalates and increased breast cancer risk Posted: 12 Feb 2019 01:00 PM PST In the largest study to date on phthalates and postmenopausal breast cancer, a cancer epidemiology researcher found no association between breast cancer risk and exposure to the plasticizing and solvent chemicals used in such common products as shampoo, makeup, vinyl flooring, toys, medical devices and car interiors. |
Slower runners benefit most from elite methods Posted: 12 Feb 2019 01:00 PM PST How much do high-tech shoes, special diets and exercises, drafting behind other runners and other strategies to improve your 'running economy' actually improve your finish time? A new study spells it out. The takeaway: The faster you are, the harder it is to get faster. |
Moving artificial leaves out of the lab and into the air Posted: 12 Feb 2019 01:00 PM PST Researchers have proposed a design solution that could bring artificial leaves out of the lab and into the environment. Their improved leaf, which would use carbon dioxide -- a potent greenhouse gas -- from the air, would be at least 10 times more efficient than natural leaves at converting carbon dioxide to fuel. |
Laser-induced graphene gets tough, with help Posted: 12 Feb 2019 01:00 PM PST Laser-induced graphene combines with many materials to make tough, conductive composites for wearable electronics, anti-icing, antimicrobial applications, sensors and water treatment. |
Women scarce in the one percent Posted: 12 Feb 2019 01:00 PM PST Looking at income inequality reveals vast gender inequality as well, according to a new study. While the families earning in the top one percent of American household incomes receive nearly one-fourth of all U.S. income, the bulk of earning is done by men. Women's income alone is sufficient for one percent status in only five percent of elite households. Moreover, women's income contributes to achieving one percent ranking in only 15 percent of households. |
Insulating crust kept cryomagma liquid for millions of years on nearby dwarf planet Posted: 12 Feb 2019 11:41 AM PST A recent NASA mission to the dwarf planet Ceres found brilliant, white spots of salts on its surface. New research delved into the factors that influenced the volcanic activity that formed the distinctive spots and that could play a key role in mixing the ingredients for life on other worlds. |
Why too much DNA repair can injure tissue Posted: 12 Feb 2019 11:14 AM PST Researchers have discovered how overactive DNA repair systems can lead to retinal damage and blindness in mice. A DNA repair enzyme called Aag glycosylase becomes hyperactive, provoking an inflammatory response that produces necrosis, leading to severe tissue damage. |
New frog species found on remote Ethiopian mountain Posted: 12 Feb 2019 11:14 AM PST A new species of puddle frog (order: Anura, family: Phynobatrachidae, genus: Phrynobatrachus), has just been discovered at the unexplored and isolated Bibita Mountain in southwestern Ethiopia. The research team named the new species Phrynobatrachus bibita sp. nov., or Bibita Mountain dwarf puddle frog, inspired by its home. |
With age comes hearing loss and a greater risk of cognitive decline Posted: 12 Feb 2019 10:48 AM PST In a new study, researchers report that hearing impairment is associated with accelerated cognitive decline with age, though the impact of mild hearing loss may be lessened by higher education. |
Gallbladder removal operation during pregnancy associated with adverse maternal outcomes Posted: 12 Feb 2019 10:47 AM PST When faced with painful gallstones, pregnant women should consider postponing surgical treatment until after childbirth, new study results show. |
Teaching self-driving cars to predict pedestrian movement Posted: 12 Feb 2019 10:47 AM PST By zeroing in on humans' gait, body symmetry and foot placement, researchers are teaching self-driving cars to recognize and predict pedestrian movements with greater precision than current technologies. |
Possibility of recent underground volcanism on Mars Posted: 12 Feb 2019 10:47 AM PST New research suggests liquid water is present beneath the south polar ice cap of Mars. Now, a new study argues there needs to be an underground source of heat for liquid water to exist underneath the polar ice cap. |
Diets consisting of fewer calories improve cell performance Posted: 12 Feb 2019 09:01 AM PST Animal experiments have shown that caloric restriction causes cellular changes that can prevent diseases. |
High cadence cycling offers no benefit to amateurs, finds new study Posted: 12 Feb 2019 09:01 AM PST A new study has found that exercise efficiency decreases in recreational cyclists when they pedal very hard, incorporating more revolutions per minute. |
Scientists gain new insight on triggers for preterm birth Posted: 12 Feb 2019 09:01 AM PST A group of scientists have gained new insight on a poorly-understood key player in the timing of labor and delivery. This new information brings scientists closer to being able to prevent preterm births. |
Streetcars don't guarantee heightened development activity Posted: 12 Feb 2019 09:01 AM PST Development outcomes along streetcar corridors can't be entirely attributed to the presence of the streetcar, researchers found. Streetcar investment is commonly accompanied with a healthy incentive package, for example. |
Laser physics: Transformation through light Posted: 12 Feb 2019 09:01 AM PST Laser physicists have taken snapshots of how C60 carbon molecules react to extremely short pulses of intense infrared light. |
Nano drops a million times smaller than a teardrop explodes 19th century theory Posted: 12 Feb 2019 09:00 AM PST Droplets emanating from a molecular 'nano-tap' would behave very differently from those from a household tap 1 million times larger -- researchers have found. This is potentially crucial step for a number of emerging nano technologies, e.g., manufacture of nano-sized drug particles, lab-on-chip devices for in situ diagnostics, and 3D printers capable of nanoscale resolution. |
Infection biology: What makes Helicobacter so adaptable? Posted: 12 Feb 2019 09:00 AM PST The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori owes its worldwide distribution to its genetic adaptability. Microbiologists have identified an enzyme that plays a vital role in the flexible control of global gene expression in the species. |
More efficient system to reprogram stem cells Posted: 12 Feb 2019 09:00 AM PST Induced pluripotent stem cells, the workhorse of many regenerative medicine projects, start out as differentiated cells that are reprogrammed to pluripotent stem cells by exposure to a complex set of genetic cocktails. |
Climate of North American cities will shift hundreds of miles in one generation Posted: 12 Feb 2019 09:00 AM PST In one generation, the climate experienced in many North American cities is projected to change to that of locations hundreds of miles away -- or to a new climate unlike any found in North America today. A new study and interactive web application aim to help the public understand how climate change will impact the lives of people who live in urban areas of the United States and Canada. |
Once seen as nerve cells' foot soldier, the axon emerges as decision-maker Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:48 AM PST New research reveals that parts of the neuron are far more complex than once thought. |
Scientists provide new insight on gene mutations associated with autism Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:47 AM PST A novel investigation into the impacts of neuronal mutations on autism-related characteristics in humans has been described. |
Accelerated risk of mobility loss for people aged 60+ tied to excess weight/inactivity Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:47 AM PST The combination of excess weight/obesity and an inactive lifestyle represents a powerful joint risk factor for developing mobility loss after age 60, according to a new study. |
New AI toolkit is the 'scientist that never sleeps' Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:47 AM PST Researchers have developed a new AI-driven platform that can analyze how pathogens infect our cells with the precision of a trained biologist. |
Walking simulation games signal a new literary genre Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:47 AM PST Walking simulation games signal a new literary genre Research has revealed that walking simulations are blurring the boundaries of different art forms to create a new literary genre. Walking simulations -- video games where there are no winners and no one is shot at or killed -- have become increasingly popular in the last few years. |
Improving geothermal HVAC systems with mathematics Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:47 AM PST Sustainable heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, such as those that harness low-enthalpy geothermal energy, are needed to reduce collective energy use and mitigate the continued effects of a warming climate. Researchers use asymptotic expansion techniques to study the harmonic thermal response of vertical geothermal boreholes in such systems to sub-annual harmonic excitations. |
Why bribery works and what changes its effectiveness Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:47 AM PST A new study suggests that greed, and not the willingness to return the favor, is the main reason people give in to bribery. But the research also finds there are times when the almighty buck can be ignored and effects of a bribe can be lessened. |
Cancer comparison across species highlights new drug targets Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:47 AM PST Cancer genes in mucosal melanoma, a rare and poorly understood subtype of melanoma, have been compared in humans, dogs and horses for the first time. Researchers sequenced the genomes of the same cancer across different species to pinpoint key cancer genes. The results give insights into how cancer evolves across the tree of life and could guide the development of new therapies. |
How Viagra puts a brake on a master growth regulator to treat heart disease Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:47 AM PST When normal cells grow, divide or do any job in the body, they do so in response to a whole slew of internal sensors that measure nutrients and energy supply, and environmental cues that inform what happens outside the cell. |
Mom's reward: Female Galápagos seabird has a shorter lifespan than males Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:47 AM PST The male Nazca booby, a large seabird of the Galápagos Islands, often outlives the domineering female of the species, according to new research. Why? It's a story of rotating sex partners, the cost of being a parent and how the body falls apart in old age. |
New tarantula species from Angola distinct with a one-of-a-kind 'horn' on its back Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:46 AM PST A new to science species of tarantula with a peculiar horn-like protuberance sticking out of its back was recently identified in central Angola, a largely underexplored country located at the intersection of several Afrotropical ecoregions. |
Consciousness rests on the brain's ability to sustain rich dynamics of neural activity Posted: 12 Feb 2019 07:42 AM PST Consciousness, from the moment we go to sleep until we wake up, seems to come and go every day. Consciousness can be temporarily abolished by pharmacological agents or more permanently by brain injury. Each of these departures from conscious wakefulness brings about different changes in brain function, behavior and in the brain's neurochemistry. However, they all share a common feature: the lack of reported subjective experience. |
Young children who express suicidal ideation understand death better than their peers Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:49 AM PST Four- to six-year-old children who express suicidal thoughts and behaviors have a better understanding of what it means to die than the majority of their peers, reports a new study. |
Phase transition dynamics in two-dimensional materials Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:48 AM PST Scientists have discovered the mechanism involved when transition metal dichalcogenides on metallic substrates transform from the semiconducting 1H-phase to the quasi-metallic 1T'-phase. |
Questions in quantum computing: How to move electrons with light Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:48 AM PST To design future quantum technologies, scientists pinpoint how microwaves interact with matter. |
Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:48 AM PST Researchers have discovered why sleep can sometimes be the best medicine. Sleep improves the potential ability of some of the body's immune cells to attach to their targets, according to a new study. The study helps explain how sleep can fight off an infection, whereas other conditions, such as chronic stress, can make the body more susceptible to illness. |
Face transplant surgery can improve speech in victims of severe face trauma Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:48 AM PST A new case study finds that face transplant surgery in patients who have experienced severe facial trauma can improve speech production. |
Investing in antibiotics critical to saving lives during pandemic influenza outbreaks Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:48 AM PST Researchers have developed a mathematical framework to estimate the value of investing in developing and conserving an antibiotic to mitigate the burden of bacterial infections caused by resistant Staphylococcus aureus during a pandemic influenza outbreak. |
A new mouse model may unlock the secrets of type I diabetes Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:26 AM PST Finding new treatments or a cure for type I diabetes has been elusive in part because scientists have not had a reliable animal model that mimics the full scope of human type I diabetes. A research team has now developed a humanized mouse model that spontaneously develops Type I diabetes and the full range of complications experienced by diabetes patients. That allows study of the disease and its natural progression in a way not previously possible. |
Selfies to self-diagnosis: Algorithm 'amps up' smartphones to diagnose disease Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:26 AM PST Smartphones aren't just for selfies anymore. A novel cell phone imaging algorithm can now analyze assays typically evaluated via spectroscopy, a powerful device used in scientific research. Researchers analyzed more than 10,000 images and found that their method consistently outperformed existing algorithms under a wide range of operating field conditions. This technique reduces the need for bulky equipment and increases the precision of quantitative results. |
Another early-onset Alzheimer's gene mutation found, and traced back to Africa Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:26 AM PST For some of us, they carry the bright blue of our grandfather's eyes. For others they result in the characteristic cleft chin or the familial tendency toward color blindness. But in some families, the genetic mutations handed down from generation to generation aren't as benign. And for one family in particular, the mutation results in early-onset Alzheimer's disease. |
Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:26 AM PST Researchers have provided a new estimate for the glacier ice volume all around the world, excluding the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Their conclusion: previous calculations overestimated the volume of the glaciers in High Mountain Asia. |
Simple and low-cost crack-healing of ceramic-based composites Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:26 AM PST A team of researchers has demonstrated that cracks induced in composites consisting of alumina ceramics and titanium could be healed at room temperature, a world-first. This ceramic healing method permits crack-healing even in a state in which a device is mounted on a ceramic package at a low cost and without using complicated heat treatment processes that require significant amounts of energy. |
Obstructive sleep apnea linked to inflammation, organ dysfunction Posted: 12 Feb 2019 06:25 AM PST Voyagers no longer embark in search of the storied Fountain of Youth, but the quest for longevity is still very much alive for researchers. Chronological age -- the passing of time one spends on this planet -- cannot be reversed, of course. However, biological age -- one's health relative to that of one's peers -- can be turned back. Healthy lifestyle habits contribute to "aging well," meaning one's biological age is younger than one's chronological age, researchers said. And sleep is a major factor in how well one ages. |
Gory, freaky, cool: Marine snail venom could improve insulin for diabetic patients Posted: 12 Feb 2019 05:15 AM PST Researchers detailed the function of cone snail insulins, bringing them one step closer to developing a faster-acting insulin to treat diabetes. |
Earth's magnetic shield booms like a drum when hit by impulses Posted: 12 Feb 2019 05:15 AM PST The Earth's magnetic shield booms like a drum when it is hit by strong impulses, according to new research. |
The physical forces of cells in action Posted: 12 Feb 2019 05:15 AM PST The detection of physical forces is one of the most complex challenges facing science. Considered to play a decisive role in many biological processes, the chemical tools to visualize the physical forces in action do not exist. But today, researchers have developed probes inspired by lobster cooking, they enable to enter into cells. For the first time, physical forces can be imaged live inside the cells. |
What can early adulthood tell us about midlife identity? Posted: 12 Feb 2019 05:15 AM PST A recent study indicates that personality style in young adulthood anticipates identity formation later in life. |
Research will help urban planners prioritize bike lanes Posted: 12 Feb 2019 05:15 AM PST A new virtual tool could help planners choose the best places to install bikes lanes in cities. The data-based tool builds on previous research that validated the safety benefits of bike lanes for cyclists and motorists. |
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