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ScienceDaily: Mind & Brain News |
| Scientists uncover key factor in human brain development Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT Scientists have made a breakthrough discovery about the development of the brain. This new information contributes to our understanding of how the part of the brain that makes humans more intelligent than other mammals develops, and offers insights into what causes intellectual disabilities, including autism spectrum disorders. |
| Tracking sleep with a self-powering smart pillow Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT The human body needs sleep as much as it needs food and water. Yet many people fail to get enough, causing both mind and body to suffer. People who struggle for shut-eye could benefit from monitoring their sleep, but they have limited options for doing so. One team describes a potential solution: a self-powering smart pillow that tracks the position of the head. |
| AI ethical decision making: Is society ready? Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT With the accelerating evolution of technology, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a growing role in decision-making processes. Humans are becoming increasingly dependent on algorithms to process information, recommend certain behaviors, and even take actions of their behalf. A research team has studied how humans react to the introduction of AI decision making. Specifically, they explored the question, 'is society ready for AI ethical decision making?' by studying human interaction with autonomous cars. |
| Doctor's 'mood' likely to increase their risk of being sued Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT A new study finds doctor's 'mood' is affecting their work and chances of medical negligence. |
| Physical abuse less likely when spanking is eliminated Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT When parents in countries worldwide use spanking as a behavior deterrent, their children are more likely to become a victim of physical abuse, say researchers. |
| Primates and non-primates differ in the architecture of their neurons Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:00 AM PDT High-resolution microscopy now enabled an international research team to enlarge the knowledge about species-specific differences of the architecture of cortical neurons. |
| Target protein for diabetes drug linked to reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease Posted: 02 Jun 2022 01:40 PM PDT Mechanisms associated with a particular diabetes drug can also help to protect against Alzheimer's disease, a new study reports. The results indicate that the drug's target protein can be an interesting candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. |
| Children who attend schools with more traffic noise show slower cognitive development Posted: 02 Jun 2022 11:08 AM PDT A new study suggests that traffic noise at schools has a detrimental effect on the development of working memory and attention in primary-school students. |
| Parents' unpredictable behavior may impair optimal brain circuit formation Posted: 02 Jun 2022 11:08 AM PDT Researchers are conducting pioneering research into the concept that unpredictable parental behaviors, together with unpredictable environment, such as lack of routines and frequent disasters, disrupt optimal emotional brain circuit development in children, increasing their vulnerability to mental illness and substance abuse. |
| Benefit of supplements for slowing age-related macular degeneration Posted: 02 Jun 2022 09:14 AM PDT The AREDS2 dietary supplement formula not only reduces risk of lung cancer due to beta-carotene, but is also more effective at reducing risk of AMD progression, compared to the original AREDS formula. |
| Evidence mounts for alternate origins of Alzheimer's disease plaques Posted: 02 Jun 2022 08:42 AM PDT A breakdown in how brain cells rid themselves of waste precedes the buildup of debris-filled plaques known to occur in Alzheimer's disease, a new study in mice shows. |
| Neuroscientists demonstrate flexibility of innate behavior Posted: 02 Jun 2022 08:42 AM PDT Some behaviours that are crucial to survival appear to be hard-wired, meaning that they occur without previous experience. For example, many prey organisms naturally know how to escape to safety from perceived threats. However, it is also important for an organism to learn about the world and adapt to its ever-changing circumstances. How does the nervous system enact such flexible decisions over a lifetime? |
| What oxytocin can tell us about the evolution of human prosociality Posted: 02 Jun 2022 06:51 AM PDT Modern humans are characterized by their prosociality, a broad term that encompasses intraspecies empathy, social tolerance, cooperation and altruism. These facets of social cognition have been associated with variations in the oxytocin and vasotocin genes (OT and VT) and their receptors (OTR and VTR).To shed light on the genetic basis of this behavior, scientists carried out a new study comparing the available genomic sequences of these genes between modern humans, non-human primate species (e.g., chimpanzees, bonobos, and macaques) and archaic humans, using all the available genomes of Neanderthals and Denisovans. |
| New study shows bidirectional link between inflammatory bowel disease and depression Posted: 02 Jun 2022 06:51 AM PDT A new study shows that patients diagnosed with IBD were nine times as likely to develop depression than the general population. In addition, their siblings who did not suffer from IBD were almost two times as likely to develop depression. Conversely, patients with depression were two times as likely to develop IBD, and their siblings without depression were more than one and a half times as likely to develop IBD. |
| Brain scans remarkably good at predicting political ideology Posted: 02 Jun 2022 06:50 AM PDT Brain scans of people taken while they performed various tasks -- and even did nothing -- accurately predicted whether they were politically conservative or liberal, according to the largest study of its kind. |
| Brain cell activity plays critical role in central nervous system disorder outcomes Posted: 01 Jun 2022 04:57 PM PDT Learning how cells in the brain regulate their response to injury and disease is informing the understanding of neurological disorders and uncovering new paths for treatment. Findings from a new study could lead to the development of a broad range of new therapies that target specific astrocyte activity to help treat a variety of central nervous system conditions, including multiple sclerosis and stroke. |
| Young adults turn crushes into love Posted: 01 Jun 2022 03:56 PM PDT The 'hookup culture' does not seem to be the norm in real college life, suggests a new study. Rather, young adults are looking for relationships. |
| A stem cell model could help unravel the complex biology behind some psychiatric disorders Posted: 01 Jun 2022 02:02 PM PDT Researchers have applied a novel stem cell model to map disease risk variants in human neurons, which could help provide insights into the biological mechanisms that underlie neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. |
| Narcissistic bosses stymie knowledge flow, cooperation inside organizations Posted: 01 Jun 2022 12:55 PM PDT New research shows that narcissism can cause knowledge barriers within organizations. Narcissists hinder cooperation between units due to a sense of superiority. |
| A surprising way to tamper ugly 'Dark Triad' personality traits Posted: 01 Jun 2022 11:28 AM PDT Want to be less selfish, manipulative or impulsive? A new study has found that tasks designed to make someone more agreeable also effectively reduce a trio of negative personality traits known as the 'Dark Triad' -- Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. |
| Why ketamine is a speedster antidepressant Posted: 01 Jun 2022 11:28 AM PDT Ketamine is the speedster of antidepressants, working within hours compared to more common antidepressants that can take several weeks. But ketamine can only be given for a limited amount of time because of its many side effects. A new study identifies for the first time exactly how ketamine works so quickly, and how it might be adapted for use as a drug without the side effects. The study in shows ketamine works as a rapid antidepressant by increasing the activity of the very small number of newborn neurons, which are part of an ongoing neurogenesis in the brain. |
| Gratitude expressions between co-workers improve cardiovascular responses to stress Posted: 01 Jun 2022 11:28 AM PDT A study finds teammates who thanked each other before performing a high-stress task had a better cardiovascular response compared to teams who did not express gratitude. The enhanced cardiovascular response leads to increased concentration, more confidence, allowing individuals to give their peak performance. |
| Team sports linked to fewer mental health difficulties for kids Posted: 01 Jun 2022 11:28 AM PDT A large-scale study of U.S. children and adolescents has found that participation in a team sport is associated with fewer mental health difficulties, but that kids who are exclusively involved in an individual sport--such as tennis or wrestling--may face greater mental health difficulties than kids who do no sports at all. |
| Study examines why the memory of fear is seared into our brains Posted: 01 Jun 2022 10:30 AM PDT Neuroscientists have been studying the formation of fear memories in the emotional hub of the brain -- the amygdala -- and think they have a mechanism. |
| New tool helps older adults monitor 'attentional performance' during driving Posted: 01 Jun 2022 08:18 AM PDT Researchers have developed a straightforward questionnaire that older adults can use to assess their 'attentional performance' during driving. In proof-of-concept testing, the researchers have demonstrated the tool can predict which drivers are at increased risk of having accidents. |
| Widespread futile care could contribute to veterinary burnout Posted: 01 Jun 2022 08:17 AM PDT More than 99% of veterinarians surveyed said they'd encountered useless or non-beneficial veterinary care in their careers, according to a new Cornell-led study that documents the prevalence of futile care for the first time. The authors use a working definition of futile care as continuing treatment when relevant goals can no longer be reached. |
| How the brain responds to surprising events Posted: 01 Jun 2022 08:17 AM PDT Researchers have found that one key role of the neuromodulator noradrenaline, produced by the locus coeruleus, is to help the brain learn from surprising outcomes. |
| Finding the biological roots for pathological social withdrawal, Hikikomori Posted: 01 Jun 2022 08:17 AM PDT Researchers analyzed the blood of Hikikomori patients and found key biomarkers for the condition included higher ornithine and long-chain acylcarnitine levels and lower levels of bilirubin and arginine. Further analysis was able to distinguish between hikikomori and healthy volunteers and even predict with high accuracy the severity of the condition. The team hopes their findings can lead to better specialized treatments and support for hikikomori. |
| A biomarker that can diagnose Parkinson's disease Posted: 01 Jun 2022 06:22 AM PDT Researchers have successfully developed a biomarker that will enable Parkinson's disease to be rapidly and inexpensively diagnosed from blood serum samples. Being able to diagnose the disease faster will hopefully lead to the development of new treatment methods, which will have great benefit, especially for aging societies. |
| Newly discovered brain cell sheds light on the formation of memories Posted: 01 Jun 2022 06:22 AM PDT The study reports a novel neuron type in the hippocampus, defines its functional role in the brain, discloses its connectivity with other nerve cells and brain areas and progresses the understanding of brain circuits underlying fast brain waves that are often associated with memory. |
| Your genetic sex determines the way your muscle 'talks' to other tissues in your body: Study Posted: 31 May 2022 12:19 PM PDT A new study identifies sex-specific circuits of muscle signaling to other tissues and that the organs and processes muscle impacts are markedly different between males and females. This new discovery provides insight into how muscle functions, such as exercise, promote healthy longevity, metabolism and improve cognition. |
| New studies shed light on election-related stress Posted: 31 May 2022 07:27 AM PDT A new study finds anticipating stress related to political elections can affect people's emotional well-being before anything has even happened. But a related study shows that education can help protect people against those stresses -- even for individuals who are actively engaged in the political process. |
| Breastfeeding duration associated with cognition Posted: 25 May 2022 12:17 PM PDT Breastfeeding duration is associated with improved cognitive scores at ages 5 through 14, even after controlling for socioeconomic position and maternal cognitive ability, according to a new study. |
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