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ScienceDaily: Matter & Energy News |
| New algorithm could simplify decisions for ship channel dredging Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:12 PM PDT Every ship channel has to be dredged. With high costs involved, a dredging project's managers have to be on the money in their timing and logistics choices. A new algorithm presents decision-makers with accurate context, comparisons and boots-on-the ground observations. |
| 'Spring-loaded' system pops phosphorus into molecular rings Posted: 21 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT Chemists have devised a new chemical reaction that allows them to synthesize a phosphorus-containing ring, using a catalyst to add phosphorus to simple organic compounds called alkenes. |
| Nylon cooking bags, plastic-lined cups can release nanoparticles into liquids Posted: 21 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT Nylon cooking bags and plastic-lined cardboard cups are conveniences many people rely on, but a new study suggests that they are an underappreciated source of nanoparticles. They report that the plastic in these products release trillions of nanometer-sized particles into each liter of water that they come in contact with. That sounds like a lot, but the team notes that these levels are under the regulatory limits for consumption. |
| Study finds offshore wind could drive down energy costs in New England, US Posted: 21 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT While wind power is expected to be a 'saving grace' during extreme winter storms, researchers wanted to look at whether storms could also disrupt power supplies and drive up prices. |
| New production method promises to end medical radioisotope shortages Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:16 AM PDT Technetium-99m is the world's most commonly used medical radioisotope, but regularly suffers from supply chain shortages, threatening the ability of doctors to diagnose a raft of ailments. But an alternative production technique looks set to make the radioisotope much more easily produced. |
| Uncovering the secret of ternary polymer solar cell success Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:16 AM PDT A research team has used electron spin resonance spectroscopy to investigate a polymer solar cell while in operation. Molecular level comparison of the PTzBT/PC61BM system with and without added ITIC allowed them to establish the mechanism for the improvements in stability and power conversion efficiency observed when ITIC is added. It is hoped that this insight will contribute to the commercial realization of cost-effective flexible polymer solar cells. |
| Revolutionary images of the birth of crystals Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:16 AM PDT Scientists have succeeded in visualizing crystal nucleation -- the stage that precedes crystallization -- that was invisible until now. |
| Cheaper solar cells could be on the way thanks to new materials Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT New solar cell devices that are cheaper and easier to make could soon make their way to market thanks to new materials. |
| Highway death toll messages cause more crashes Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT Displaying the highway death toll on message boards is a common awareness campaign, but new research shows this tactic actually leads to more crashes. This new study evaluated the effect of displaying crash death totals on highway message boards (e.g., '1669 deaths this year on Texas roads'). Versions of highway fatality messages have been displayed in at least 27 US states. |
| Designing the perfect piece of chocolate Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:11 AM PDT We like some foods, and dislike others. Of course, the way food tastes is important, but mouthfeel, and even the sound that food makes when we bite it, also determine whether we enjoy the eating experience. Is it possible to design edible materials that optimize this enjoyment? Physicists and food researchers show that indeed it is. |
| New materials for storing flammable industrial gases Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT Engineers have just demonstrated a promising new family of materials for storing flammable gases such as acetylene. These materials are nanoporous and flexible and can be modified to improve the adsorption of small molecules at the temperature and pressure conditions required for industrial applications. |
| Key to improved green tech efficiency found in simple acid treatment Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT The development of new, more efficient electrochemical cells could provide a good option for carbon-free hydrogen and chemical production along with large-scale electricity generation and storage. But first, scientists must overcome several challenges, including how to make the cells more efficient and cost-effective. |
| Microdrones with light-driven nanomotors Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT Physicists have managed to propel micrometer-sized drones precisely using light only. Their microdrones are significantly smaller than red blood cells. |
| Researchers demonstrate label-free super-resolution microscopy Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:01 AM PDT Researchers describe a new measurement and imaging approach that can resolve nanostructures smaller than the diffraction limit of light without requiring any dyes or labels. The work is a modification of laser scanning microscopy. It represents an important advance toward a new and powerful microscopy method that could be used to see the fine features of complex samples beyond what is possible with conventional microscopes and techniques. |
| Sapphire fiber could enable cleaner energy and air-travel Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:01 AM PDT Oxford University researchers have developed a sensor made of sapphire fibre that can tolerate extreme temperatures, with the potential to enable significant improvements in efficiency and emission reduction in aerospace and power generation. |
| Researchers detect coronavirus particles with 'slow light' Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:41 AM PDT Existing methods for detecting and diagnosing COVID-19 are either expensive and complex or inaccurate. Now, scientists have developed a novel biosensing platform to detect and quantify viral particles using a simple optical microscope and antibody proteins. Their versatile approach, based on slowing down light, could pave the way to new diagnostic tools and next-generation detection platforms that are fast, accurate, and low-cost. |
| Researchers take important step towards development of biological dental enamel Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:41 AM PDT To this day, cavities and damage to enamel are repaired by dentists with the help of synthetic white filling materials. There is no natural alternative to this. But a new 3D model with human dental stem cells could change this in the future. |
| 'Dative epitaxy': A new way to stack crystal films Posted: 20 Apr 2022 09:20 AM PDT Scientists have grown thin films of two different crystalline materials on top of each other using an innovative technique called 'dative epitaxy.' The researchers discovered the method by surprise. As a physicist explains, dative epitaxy holds layers of different materials together via a weak attractive force between the materials, paired with occasional chemical bonds called 'dative bonds.' |
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