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ScienceDaily: Matter & Energy News |
| Machine learning decodes tremors of the universe Posted: 09 Dec 2021 11:25 AM PST Researchers train a neural network to estimate -- in just a few seconds -- the precise characteristics of merging black holes based on their gravitational-wave emissions. The network determines the masses and spins of the black holes, where in the sky, at what angle, and how far away from Earth the merger took place. |
| Quest to deliver ultra-fast and energy efficient magnetic recording moves step closer Posted: 09 Dec 2021 11:25 AM PST The quest to deliver ultra-fast and energy efficient magnetic recording could be a step closer to fruition, due to pioneering new research on all-optical switching of magnetization. |
| A new super-cooled microwave source boosts the scale-up of quantum computers Posted: 09 Dec 2021 09:44 AM PST Researchers have developed a circuit that produces the high-quality microwave signals required to control quantum computers while operating at temperatures near absolute zero. This is a key step towards moving the control system closer to the quantum processor, which may make it possible to greatly increase the number of qubits in the processor. |
| A tool to speed development of new solar cells Posted: 09 Dec 2021 09:42 AM PST Researchers have developed a computational simulator that can help predict whether changes to materials or design will improve performance in new photovoltaic cells. |
| Atomic structure of antifungal drug confirms unusual mechanism, opens door to less-toxic derivatives Posted: 09 Dec 2021 09:42 AM PST Advanced molecular imaging technology has now mapped the structure of a drug widely used to treat fungal infections but whose workings have mystified researchers and physicians for nearly 70 years. Researchers now described in atomistic detail the structure of the drug amphotericin B, a powerful but toxic antifungal agent. Seeing the structure provides illumination in the researchers' quest to formulate less-toxic AmB derivatives. |
| Stretchy, washable battery brings wearable devices closer to reality Posted: 09 Dec 2021 06:56 AM PST Researchers have created what could be the first battery that is both flexible and washable. In addition to watches and patches for measuring vital signs, the battery might also be integrated with clothing that can actively change color or temperature. |
| MRI, hybrid imaging outperform conventional tests for small cell lung cancer staging Posted: 09 Dec 2021 06:56 AM PST MRI -- with or without FDG PET coregistration --c an improve the staging of patients with small cell lung cancer. |
| Success in visualizing the propagation path of electromagnetic waves from space to ground Posted: 09 Dec 2021 06:56 AM PST Using data on electromagnetic (EM) waves and plasma particles measured simultaneously via multiple satellites, an international collaborative research group has discovered the existence of invisible 'propagation path' of EM waves and elucidated the mechanism by which EM waves propagate to the ground. |
| Towards the achievement of megatesla magnetic fields in the laboratory Posted: 09 Dec 2021 06:56 AM PST Researchers have conducted high-precision 3D supercomputer simulations to reveal the 3D structure of theoretically predicted micron-scale megatesla magnetic fields, which optimizes engineering design of laser conditions and micron-size target structures for future laser experiments. |
| Circular economy: Researchers show how synthetic rubber raw material can be degraded Posted: 09 Dec 2021 06:56 AM PST Enzymes are capable of degrading synthetic polyisoprene. The specific conditions for that have now been created and exploited. Polyisoprene is the principal component of natural rubber and of many types of rubber also used in car tires, for example. Up until now, it has only been possible to degrade polyisoprene, with a composition similar to naturally occurring rubber. The present research could provide important insights toward a circular economy. |
| Rapid rise of decarbonization potentials of rooftop PV plus EVs in residential houses Posted: 09 Dec 2021 05:26 AM PST Cities are responsible for 60-70% of energy-related CO2 emissions. As the world is increasingly urbanized, it is crucial to identify cost-effective pathways to decarbonize. Here, we propose a 'SolarEV City' concept, in which integrated systems of cities' roof-top PVs with EVs as batteries can supply affordable and dispatchable CO2-free electricity for citie's dwellers, which can reduce CO2 emission by 54-95% with 26-41% of potential cost savings by 2030. |
| Analog computers now just one step from digital Posted: 09 Dec 2021 05:25 AM PST Engineers have reached a theoretical limit for efficiently converting analog data into digital bits in an emerging computer technology. |
| Engineers teach AI to navigate ocean with minimal energy Posted: 08 Dec 2021 01:51 PM PST New AI uses reinforcement learning to efficiently navigate oceans |
| Optical cavities could be key to next generation interferometers Posted: 08 Dec 2021 09:34 AM PST A new concept has been developed that has the potential to assist new instruments in the investigation of fundamental science topics such as gravitational waves and dark matter. |
| Transforming materials with light Posted: 08 Dec 2021 09:33 AM PST Researchers have figured out a way to use lasers to alter materials without the creation of damaging heat. |
| Gravitational waves could be key to answering why more matter was left over after Big Bang Posted: 08 Dec 2021 08:03 AM PST If researchers can detect Q-balls in gravitational waves, it could help explain why more matter than anti-matter was left over after the Big Bang. |
| UK university can reduce CO2 emissions by 4% with shorter winter semesters Posted: 08 Dec 2021 08:02 AM PST Researchers found that shifting learning weeks to the summer term and extending the winter vacation period can reduce the university's yearly CO2 emissions by more than 4%. |
| Yeast cells cause embedded objects to rise via the microbial Brazil nut effect Posted: 08 Dec 2021 08:02 AM PST Researchers have dubbed a newly discovered phenomenon, where microbe-generated gas bubbles create granular fluctuations on the wet sandy floors of waterbodies, the microbial Brazil nut effect. |
| These tiny liquid robots never run out of juice as long as they have food Posted: 08 Dec 2021 08:02 AM PST Scientists at Berkeley Lab and the University of Massachusetts Amherst have demonstrated the first self-powered, aqueous robot that runs continuously without electricity. The technology has potential as an automated chemical synthesis or drug delivery system for pharmaceuticals. |
| Devising new meat alternatives with 3D printing — and cocoa butter Posted: 08 Dec 2021 06:01 AM PST No longer just a dream of vegetarians and vegans, fake meat is becoming more widely available in grocery stores and restaurants. And more options are almost certainly on the way. One team has now developed a new combination of plant-based ingredients tailored for 3D printing meat alternatives. Their most successful recipes required an odd-sounding addition: cocoa butter, derived from cocoa beans of chocolate fame. |
| MRI’s may be initial window into CTE diagnosis in living; approach may shave years off diagnosis Posted: 08 Dec 2021 06:01 AM PST While chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) cannot yet be diagnosed during life, a new study provides the best evidence to date that a commonly used brain imaging technique, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may expedite the ability to diagnose CTE with confidence in the living. |
| Impaired-driver sensor could pave the way for safer vehicles Posted: 08 Dec 2021 06:01 AM PST The bipartisan infrastructure bill recently signed into law by President Joe Biden includes a requirement for automakers to install driver monitoring systems that detect intoxicated or impaired drivers. Current systems rely on cameras, which have limitations. Now, researchers have made heat-resistant, pressure-detecting sensors that, when attached to seats, can tell whether a driver is drowsy or has a sudden illness, signaling a future smart car to take action. |
| Wearable sensor measures airborne nicotine exposure from e-cigarettes Posted: 08 Dec 2021 05:59 AM PST Some studies have shown that nicotine, an addictive substance in electronic cigarettes, increases the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. But to get a full understanding of its potential health effects, a real-time nicotine monitoring device is needed. Such a device could also help vapers -- as well as non-vapers who encounter second-hand smoke -- measure their exposure. Now, researchers report that they have developed a battery-free, wearable device that could accomplish this task. |
| CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing boosts effectiveness of ultrasound cancer therapy Posted: 08 Dec 2021 05:59 AM PST Sonodynamic therapy uses ultrasound in combination with drugs to release harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the site of a tumor. However, the treatment isn't very effective because cancer cells can activate antioxidant defense systems to counteract it. Now, researchers have breached these defenses with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, allowing sonodynamic therapy to effectively shrink tumors in a mouse model of liver cancer. |
| Wastewater helps decipher the popularity of new synthetic drugs Posted: 08 Dec 2021 05:59 AM PST Over the years, hundreds of new synthetic drugs that mimic the effects of illegal and legal substances have emerged. The underground nature of each drug's development and distribution makes its international popularity hard to track. Now, using wastewater from the days near the 2021 New Year holiday, researchers report an increased international usage of some synthetic drugs, including eutylone and 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) compared to the previous year. |
| Physicists discovered special transverse sound wave Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:25 PM PST A research team has discovered a new type of sound wave: the airborne sound wave vibrates transversely and carries both spin and orbital angular momentum like light does. The findings shattered scientists' previous beliefs about the sound wave, opening an avenue to the development of novel applications in acoustic communications, acoustic sensing and imaging. |
| Novel chemical design makes hard crystals stretchy Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:25 PM PST Researchers have discovered a new way to make crystals stretchy, a modification that could enable them to act as very effective nanofilters. |
| Unprecedented three-dimensional X-ray microscope methodology to image plants at cellular resolution Posted: 07 Dec 2021 07:20 AM PST Measuring plant phenotypes, a term used to describe the observable characteristics of an organism, is a critical aspect of studying and improving economically important crops. Phenotypes central to the breeding process include traits like kernel number in corn, seed size in wheat, or fruit color in grape. These features are visible to the naked human eye but are in fact driven by microscopic molecular and cellular processes in the plant. Using three-dimensional (3D) imaging is a recent innovation in the plant biology sector to capture phenotypes on the 'whole-plant' scale: from miniscule cells and organelles in the roots, up to the leaves and flowers. However, current 3D imaging processes are limited by time-consuming sample preparation and by imaging depth, usually reaching only a few layers of cells within a plant tissue. |
| Stem cell study paves way for manufacturing cultured meat Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:24 AM PST Scientists have for the first time obtained stem cells from livestock that grow under chemically defined conditions, paving the way for manufacturing cell cultured meat and breeding enhanced livestock. |
| Researchers develop an antibody-drug delivery system Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:24 AM PST Researchers have developed the first metal-organic framework (MOFs) antibody-drug delivery system that has the potential to fast-track potent new therapies for cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. |
| Sodium-based material yields stable alternative to lithium-ion batteries Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST Scientists have developed a new sodium metal anode for rechargeable batteries that resists the formation of dendrites, a common problem with standard sodium metal anodes that can lead to shorting and fires. |
| Visualizing cell structures in three dimensions in mere minutes Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST Researchers have optimized a special X-ray process -- known as soft X-ray tomography -- to deliver high-resolution three-dimensional images of entire cells and their molecular structure in just a few minutes. |
| Researcher pushes limit of when water will freeze Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST An engineer is changing what we know about when water freezes as he pushes the limit and gets the best look yet at tiny drops of water as they freeze. |
| Battery 'dream technology' a step closer to reality with new discovery Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST A sodium-sulfur battery solves one of the biggest hurdles that has held back the technology as a commercially viable alternative to the ubiquitous lithium-ion batteries that power everything from smartphones to electric vehicles. |
| New type of earthquake discovered Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:31 AM PST A research team has documented a new type of earthquake in an injection environment in British Columbia, Canada. The seismic events are slower than conventional earthquakes. Their existence supports a scientific theory that until now had not been sufficiently substantiated by measurements. |
| Researchers crack the synthetic code of rare molecules sought after in drug development Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:30 AM PST A research team has succeeded in producing two molecules that are otherwise only formed by microorganisms from extremely contaminated wastewater in an abandoned mine in South Korea. The method, which took four years to develop, could pave the way for new types of drugs. |
| Liquid crystals for fast switching devices Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:30 AM PST An international team has investigated a newly synthesized liquid-crystalline material that promises applications in optoelectronics. Simple rod-shaped molecules with a single center of chirality self-assemble into helical structures at room temperature. Using soft X-ray resonant scattering at BESSY II, the scientists have now been able to determine the pitch of the helical structure with high precision. Their results indicate an extremely short pitch at only about 100 nanometres which would enable applications with particularly fast switching processes. |
| Rapid test identifies antibody effectiveness against COVID-19 variants Posted: 03 Dec 2021 12:14 PM PST A new test could measure patient immunity against multiple COVID-19 variants such as Omicron and Delta at once and inform which synthetic monoclonal antibody to use for treatments. |
| Researchers develop an algorithm to increase the efficiency of quantum computers Posted: 02 Dec 2021 11:15 AM PST Quantum computing is taking a new leap forward due to new research. The team of researchers have proposed a scheme to reduce the number of calculations needed to read out data stored in the state of a quantum processor. This, in turn, will make quantum computers more efficient, faster, and ultimately more sustainable. |
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