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| Immune protein may drive alcoholism relapse Posted: 07 Jun 2022 04:44 PM PDT Scientists find evidence that the immune protein CSF1 may contribute to feelings of anxiety during alcohol withdrawal. |
| Sponge-like solar cells could be basis for better pacemakers Posted: 07 Jun 2022 01:10 PM PDT Scientists find that holes can also improve technology, including medical devices. The article describes an entirely new way to make a solar cell: by etching holes in the top layer to make it porous. |
| Lab earthquakes show how grains at fault boundaries lead to major quakes Posted: 07 Jun 2022 01:10 PM PDT In a 'seismological wind tunnel,' engineers demonstrate the impact of rock gouge -- ground-up rock along a fault boundary -- on earthquake propogation. |
| Unfreezing waters in ligand binding sites Posted: 07 Jun 2022 01:10 PM PDT Scientists have revealed the effect of temperature on water in protein-ligand interactions, providing a way to produce structures for drug discovery that are less biased by freezing artifacts. |
| High-speed, efficient and compact electro-optic modulators for free space Posted: 07 Jun 2022 10:09 AM PDT Current technologies to modulate light in free space are bulky, slow, static, or inefficient. Now researchers have developed a compact and tunable electro-optic modulator for free space applications that can modulate light at gigahertz speed. |
| Yolk-shell nanocrystals with movable gold yolk: Next generation of photocatalysts Posted: 07 Jun 2022 10:09 AM PDT Owing to their unique permeable, hollow shell structures with inner, movable cores, yolk-shell nanocrystals are suitable for a wide variety of applications. Yolk-shell nanocrystals consisting of a gold core with various semiconductor shells have been developed using a novel sequential ion-exchange process. These metal-semiconductor yolk-shell nanocrystals can serve as highly effective photocatalysts for many applications. |
| New theory of decision-making seeks to explain why humans don't make optimal choices Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT A new theory of economic decision-making offers an explanation as to why humans, in general, make decisions that are simply adequate, not optimal. |
| Pressures within supply chains paved the way to an oversupply of prescription opioids, experts say Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT New research shows pressure from manufacturers and suppliers of opioids, particularly national corporations, influenced how pharmacies bought and distributed those prescriptions. |
| Nanotechnology used to destroy and prevent relapse of solid tumor cancers Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT As people across the globe look forward to longer life expectancies, malignant cancers continue to pose threats to human health. The exploration and development of immunotherapy aims to seek new breakthroughs for the treatment of solid tumors. Although immune checkpoint-based immunotherapy has been shown to have great potential, only a small proportion of patients fully respond to this therapy, and the relevant molecular mechanisms need to be further explored. This delivery method is however complex and inefficient. In a breakthrough development, a team of scientists has formulated a novel vaccine which showed high efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors, achieving complete clearance of solid tumors and inducing long-lasting immune memory. This prevents the relapse of tumor growth that the patient originally presented with and provides immunity against similar tumour types. This was shown through the application of this vaccine on melanoma tumor models. |
| Merging physical domain knowledge with AI improves prediction accuracy of battery capacity Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT Researchers succeed in increasing the prediction accuracy of the battery capacity by up to 20% by merging physical domain knowledge with AI. |
| Scientists find new indicators of Alaska permafrost thawing Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT More areas of year-round unfrozen ground have begun dotting Interior and Northwest Alaska and will continue to increase in extent due to climate change, according to new research. |
| New model offers physics-inspired rankings evaluation Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT Researchers describe a new way to evaluate rankings. Their goal is not to find one true hierarchy, but to calculate the spread of all possible hierarchies, with each one weighted by its probability. |
| Nano-sensor detects pesticides on fruit in minutes Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT Researchers have developed a tiny sensor for detecting pesticides on fruit in just a few minutes. The technique uses flame-sprayed nanoparticles made from silver to increase the signal of chemicals. While still at an early stage, the researchers hope these nano-sensors could help uncover food pesticides before consumption. |
| Targeted micronutrition ameliorates allergy symptoms Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT Micronutrient deficiencies can promote inflammation and render the immune system particularly sensitive to allergenic substances. In particular, iron deficiency signals danger to immune cells and leads to a more pronounced, exaggerated immune response. For the first time, scientists have conducted a placebo-controlled trial and showed that targeted dietary measures can reduce the symptom burden in allergic reactions. The researchers are therefore treading a completely new path in the care of allergy sufferers. |
| Death of bats at wind turbines interrupts natural food chains Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT The numerous casualties of bats at wind turbines (WT) have a negative impact on the populations of affected species and potentially far-reaching consequences for the biodiversity in rural areas. Until now, it could only be assumed that the death of bats had further consequences. Now, a team of scientists show that natural food chains are interrupted, which can have far-reaching negative consequences for agriculture and forestry. The study demonstrates the extent to which the functional importance of bats for habitats has been underestimated so far. |
| Changing the channel: Study sheds new light on a promising antidepressant Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT A study reveals new details about how ketamine works, paving the way toward the development of safe, effective treatments for depression. |
| Breakthrough paves way for photonic sensing at the ultimate quantum limit Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT A team of physicists has found a way to operate mass manufacturable photonic sensors at the quantum limit. This breakthrough paves the way for practical applications such as monitoring greenhouse gases and cancer detection. |
| Intriguing connection between diet, eye health and lifespan uncovered Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated a link between diet, circadian rhythms, eye health and lifespan in Drosophila. They additionally and unexpectedly found that processes in the fly eye are actually driving the aging process. |
| Large study reveals stark changes in brain structure for people with anorexia Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT New findings highlight clear differences in grey matter for people with anorexia nervosa and point to the importance of early treatment interventions. |
| A quantum drum that stores quantum states for record-long times Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Researchers have improved the coherence time of a previously developed quantum membrane dramatically. The improvement will expand the usability of the membrane for a variety of different purposes. With a coherence time of one hundred milliseconds, the membrane can for example store sensitive quantum information for further processing in a quantum computer or network. |
| How genetics influence immunity in patients with type 1 diabetes Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Scientists have characterized the genetic factors that affect the immune response in type 1 diabetes patients, with potential implications for developing new treatments. |
| Earth's magnetic poles not likely to flip anytime soon Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT The emergence of a mysterious area in the South Atlantic where the geomagnetic field strength is decreasing rapidly, has led to speculation that Earth is heading towards a magnetic polarity reversal. However, a new study that pieces together evidence stretching back 9,000 years, suggests that the current changes aren't unique, and that a reversal may not be in the cards after all. |
| How fast-growing bacteria can resist antibiotics Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT New insights into how some bacteria survive antibiotics could lead to the development of novel treatment strategies. |
| Low levels of high-risk salmonella evade traditional methods of detection Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Poultry is responsible for more than one out of every five cases of salmonella infection in the U.S. But traditional methods of testing the chicken you grab off the grocery shelf may not be enough to detect all strains of the bacteria, according to new research. |
| Are ultra-processed foods harmful? Experts weigh the evidence Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT In new papers and a live debate, leading scientists present arguments for and against incorporating the concept of ultra-processed foods into dietary guidelines. |
| Data reveal 20-year transformation of Gulf of Maine Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Two decades of research show a startling transformation of the Gulf of Maine. Many trends point to an overarching pattern: more warm, North Atlantic water is coming in and changing the foundation of the Gulf's food web. |
| Detecting new particles around black holes with gravitational waves Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Clouds of ultralight particles can form around rotating black holes. A team of physicists now show that these clouds would leave a characteristic imprint on the gravitational waves emitted by binary black holes. |
| Lessons from the past: How cold-water corals respond to global warming Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Corals react to changes in their environment. This is true for tropical as well as cold-water corals and includes, among others, changes in temperature, salinity and pH values. Researchers have now investigated how warmer temperatures occurring as a result of climate change are affecting cold-water corals. For this purpose, they examined in detail how these corals have reacted to environmental changes over the past 20,000 years. |
| Earth-abundant solar pixels found to produce hydrogen for weeks Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Devices made of readily available oxide and carbon-based materials can produce clean hydrogen from water over weeks -- according to new research. The findings could help overcome one of the key issues in solar fuel production, where current earth-abundant light-absorbing materials are limited through either their performance or stability. |
| How mothers calm their distressed infants with soothing signals Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT This study demonstrates empirically, for the first time, that synchronized physiology between mothers and babies plays a role in soothing distressed infants, and that treating postpartum depression with cognitive behavioral therapy can improve the synchronicity patterns and thereby augment mothers' ability to soothe their distressed babies. |
| Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT The most effective intervention to prevent preterm birth is the administration of a natural hormone, progesterone, in patients at risk for premature delivery. Two categories of patients have been eligible for this treatment: those with a short cervix and those with a previous preterm birth. But new research indicates that progesterone is not effective in reducing the rate of preterm birth in women with a prior history of preterm birth. |
| Colossal collisions linked to solar system science Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT A new study shows a deep connection between some of the largest, most energetic events in the universe and much smaller, weaker ones powered by our own Sun. |
| Neuroscientists identify role of basolateral amygdala neurons Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:08 AM PDT The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a region of the brain that has been almost exclusively studied in the context of fear and emotion. Only recently have researchers begun to question whether the BLA may play a larger, overarching role in memory and behavior. Yet almost nothing is known about the neuronal activity of the BLA during naturalistic behavior. To address these questions, neuroscientists at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre at UCL observed the neuronal activity in this brain region while rats freely engaged with a variety of different ethological stimuli. Interactions with ethological stimuli are relevant to the animal's survival and to the propagation of its genes, and include food, prey and conspecifics. In a new study, published today in Cell Reports, the researchers demonstrate strong responses to these classes of events in the BLA. |
| Scientists develop novel computational model for aptamer generation, with wide applications Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:07 AM PDT Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides generated by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). They have a wide variety of applications, but computational approaches are necessary to efficiently identify candidate aptamers. A team of researchers has now developed RaptGen, a variational autoencoder that efficiently discovers new aptamers not included in the input SELEX dataset. This novel computational model could one day be the standard method for aptamer generation. |
| Deciphering the migratory pattern of the smallest seabird in the Mediterranean Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:05 AM PDT It had always been thought that the Mediterranean population of the European storm petrel -- the smallest seabird in the Mediterranean -- spent the year in this sea and that only a small part of the population migrated to the Atlantic during the winter season. Now, a study reveals that most of the European storm petrels that nest in the western Mediterranean move to the Atlantic Ocean as their main wintering area. |
| Deep nerve stimulation consistently reduces blood pressure Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:05 AM PDT Biomedical engineers are expanding the study of wireless electrodes to treat hypertension and are reporting that blood pressure can be consistently controlled by bioelectronic treatment. |
| Mouse study shows gene therapy may correct creatine deficiency disorder Posted: 06 Jun 2022 06:34 PM PDT A new study in mice finds that a gene therapy appears to correct a rare creatine deficiency disorder that commonly results in intellectual disabilities, problems with speech, involuntary movements and recurrent seizures. |
| Characteristics of stable Vitiligo skin disease Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:12 PM PDT A new study reveals the unique cell-to-cell communication networks that can perpetuate inflammation and prevent repigmentation in patients with vitiligo disease. |
| Sign languages change, too: The evolution of SELF in ASL Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:12 PM PDT A new study shows that American Sign Language (ASL) is more linguistically complex than previously understood. In particular, new research documents the emergence of the copula --- a word meaning to be (e.g. is, was, are, were) --- in ASL, something that has been overlooked in previous linguistic analyses. |
| All wound up: A reversible molecular whirligig Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:12 PM PDT Over the last few decades, researchers have built minuscule molecular machines that rotate or shuttle other molecules. However, it's difficult to determine the mechanical work and forces that these tiny contraptions produce, which is important when using them as nanorobots or in artificial muscles. Now researchers report molecular motors that twist and untwist like whirligig toys -- enabling the measurement of the energy and torque of their rotations. |
| Warning labels could help customers identify hidden sugar in restaurant menus Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:12 PM PDT Seeing a warning icon on a restaurant menu may help consumers identify the high amounts of added sugar hidden in menu items -- and it may even convince them to reach for healthier items like water, say researchers. |
| How species form: What the tangled history of polar bear and brown bear relations tells us Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:12 PM PDT A new study is providing an enhanced look at the intertwined evolutionary histories of polar bears and brown bears. Becoming separate species did not completely stop these animals from mating with each other. Scientists have known this for some time, but the new research draws on an expanded dataset -- including DNA from an ancient polar bear tooth -- to tease out more detail. |
| New evidence about when, where, and how chickens were domesticated Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:11 PM PDT New research transforms our understanding of the circumstances and timing of the domestication of chickens, their spread across Asia into the west, and reveals the changing way in which they were perceived in societies over the past 3,500 years. |
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