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| Bacterial cellulose could enable microbial life on Mars Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:12 PM PDT An international research team has investigated the chances of survival of kombucha cultures under Mars-like conditions. Kombucha is known as a drink, sometimes called tea fungus or mushroom tea, which is produced by fermenting sugared tea using kombucha cultures -- a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast. Although the simulated Martian environment destroyed the microbial ecology of the kombucha cultures, surprisingly, a cellulose-producing bacterial species survived. |
| Cannabis products demonstrate short-term reduction in chronic pain, little else, review finds Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:12 PM PDT Evidence behind the effectiveness of cannabis-related products to treat chronic pain is surprisingly thin, according to a new systematic evidence review. Voters in a number of states have legalized medical and recreational marijuana; however, the researchers found many of the products now available at U.S. dispensaries have not been well studied. |
| Gene variation may be early indicator for gastric cancer Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:11 PM PDT Researchers are hoping to catch stomach cancer before it develops in at-risk patients. Researchers identified a genetic variation that could help identify when patients with Helicobacter pylori are more likely to develop stomach cancer. |
| Posted: 06 Jun 2022 11:54 AM PDT Photonics researchers have introduced a novel method to control a light beam with another beam through a unique plasmonic metasurface in a linear medium at ultra-low power. This simple linear switching method makes nanophotonic devices such as optical computing and communication systems more sustainable requiring low intensity of light. |
| Study explores the promises and pitfalls of evolutionary genomics Posted: 06 Jun 2022 11:54 AM PDT A new study examines mathematical models designed to draw inferences about how evolution operates at the level of populations of organisms. The study concludes that such models must be constructed with the greatest care, avoiding unwarranted initial assumptions, weighing the quality of existing knowledge and remaining open to alternate explanations. |
| COVID-19 increases risk of psychiatric diagnoses in the months after infection, study finds Posted: 06 Jun 2022 11:54 AM PDT A recent study found that COVID-19 patients had a roughly 25% increased risk of developing a psychiatric disorder in the four months following their infection, compared with people who had other types of respiratory tract infections. |
| New study deepens understanding of how animals see, and what colors Posted: 06 Jun 2022 11:54 AM PDT Gathering vision data for hundreds of vertebrates and invertebrates, biologists have deepened scientists' understanding of animal vision, including the colors they see. The researchers determined that animals adapted to land are able to see more colors than animals adapted to water. Animals adapted to open terrestrial habitats see a wider range of colors than animals adapted to forests. |
| Cover crops not enough to improve soil after decades of continuous corn Posted: 06 Jun 2022 11:54 AM PDT Although about 20% of Illinois cropping systems are planted to continuous corn, it's nearly impossible to find fields planted this way for decades at a time. Yet long-term experiments, including over 40 years of continuous corn under different nitrogen fertilizer rates, provide incredible learning opportunities and soil management lessons for researchers and farmers alike. |
| Color-changing mouse model allows researchers to non-invasively study deep tissues Posted: 06 Jun 2022 11:54 AM PDT Biomedical and genetic engineers have developed a process to change the color of a mouse's tissue to better image its internal physiology. The approach will help researchers isolate and remove sources of strong background noise in biomedical images, giving them unprecedented access to observe, influence and image biological processes with a swiftly developing imaging technique called photoacoustic imaging. |
| Bumps could smooth quantum investigations Posted: 06 Jun 2022 11:54 AM PDT Materials theorists model a contoured surface overlaid with 2D materials and find it possible to control their electronic and magnetic properties. The discovery could simplify research into many-body effects, including quantum systems. |
| Phase separation found in immune response within cells Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT Protein complexes that play a critical role in launching an immune response assemble in droplets that form within the liquid environment in cells much like oil droplets in water, scientists report in a new study. The work could lead to new interventions to regulate immunity in individuals with overactive or underactive immune responses. |
| Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT Many of us try to repress the thought of them, while others have come to accept them. Whatever your take on parasites is, they can tell scientists a lot about ecology, health and the environment. |
| Textile filter testing shows promise for carbon capture Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT Researchers found they could filter carbon dioxide from air and gas mixtures at promising rates using a proposed new textile-based filter that combines cotton fabric and an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase -- one of nature's tools for speeding chemical reactions. |
| How a knee replacement impacts the planet Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT Researchers are quantifying the effects of healthcare on the environment, specifically the particularly waste-heavy and energy-intensive specialty of orthopedic surgery. The researchers reviewed existing literature and found that while data is still sparse, efforts to reduce the carbon footprint of orthopedic surgery could make a huge impact. |
| New technology protects authenticity of engineered cell lines Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT A team of researchers has developed a first-of-its-kind method to create a unique identifier for each copy of a cell line to allow users to verify its authenticity and protect the manufacturer's intellectual property (IP). |
| Breakthrough study examines evolution of snake venom genes Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT A new study provides the first comprehensive explanation of how snake venom regulatory systems evolved -- an important example that illuminates the evolution of new complex traits. |
| Genetically modified corn does not damage non-target organisms Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT The largest, highest quality analysis of data ever conducted reveals that genetically modified Bt corn has little impact on nontarget insects and other organisms, especially compared to growing conventional corn. |
| Small package, big potential to help cell-based therapies Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT Innovative research is exploring the use of a new cell delivery method to help cells stick and stay where they're needed most. |
| Chemists design chemical probe for detecting minute temperature shifts in the body Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT A chemistry team has engineered a cobalt complex to act as a noninvasive chemical thermometer. They've done so by making the cobalt complex's nuclear spin -- a workhorse, fundamental magnetic property -- mimic the agile, but less stable sensitivity of an electron's spin. |
| Poor sleep linked to increased risk of COPD flare-ups Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT Poor sleep is associated with a significantly increased risk of life-threatening flare-ups in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, according to a new study. The risk for these flare-ups -- sudden bouts of worsening breathing -- was 25% to 95% higher in people who experienced poor sleep than in people who had good quality sleep. The findings suggest that poor sleep may be a better predictor of flare-ups than even a person's history of smoking. |
| An edible QR code takes a shot at fake whiskey Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT Biomedical engineers have developed an edible silk tag with a QR code, which scanned by a smartphone can then confirm authenticity of the whiskey or other liquids, such as liquid medications. |
| Researchers create 'time machine' simulations studying the lifecycle of ancestor galaxy 'cities' Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:15 AM PDT Researchers have created time machine-like simulations recreate the full life cycle of some of the largest collections of galaxies observed in the distant universe 11 billion years ago. |
| Vocal non-native songbird could change Britain's dawn chorus as we know it Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:15 AM PDT A tiny but loud, brightly colored songbird from subtropical Asia could be emerging as a new invasive species in Britain, threatening to dominate the dawn chorus of native Robins, Blackbirds and warblers. A new study warns the Red-billed Leiothrix could become as familiar in gardens, parks and woodland as Ring-necked Parakeets. |
| Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:15 AM PDT Over 200 years ago, a Spanish botanist described Artocarpus odoratissimus, a species of fruit-bearing tree found in Borneo and the Philippines. The Iban people, who are Indigenous to Borneo, know the tree to have two different varieties, which they call lumok and pingan, distinguished by their fruit size and shape. Despite this knowledge, Western botanists have long considered the tree as a single species, but a genetic analysis confirms the Iban people were right all along. |
| Including all types of emissions shortens timeline to reach Paris Agreement temperature targets Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:15 AM PDT Looking beyond carbon dioxide emissions to include other human-generated pollutants, like methane, nitrogen oxide and particulate pollution, changes the picture for how much warming is already 'baked in' to the climate system. Earth will continue to warm even if all emissions cease, and Earth will be committed to reaching peak temperatures about five to 10 years before experiencing them. |
| Molecules found in mucus can thwart fungal infection Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:15 AM PDT Researchers have identified components of mucus that can specifically interact with the fungus Candida albicans and prevent it from causing infection. These molecules, known as glycans, are a major constituent of mucins, the gel-forming polymers that make up mucus. |
| Beyond 'plant trees!': Research finds tree plantations encroaching on essential ecosystems Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:15 AM PDT Trees planted in the tropics as part of nations' reforestation commitments can have unintended consequences, sometimes degrading biodiversity hotspots, damaging ecosystems like grasslands, or encroaching on protected areas. |
| Body versus brain: New evidence for an autoimmune cause of schizophrenia Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:15 AM PDT Researchers have found that some people with schizophrenia have autoantibodies -- which are made by the immune system and recognize the body's own proteins, rather than outside threats such as viruses or bacteria -- against NCAM1, a protein that's important for communication between brain cells. The patients' autoantibodies also caused schizophrenia-related behaviors in mice. These findings may improve the diagnosis and treatment of a subset of patients with schizophrenia. |
| New model finds best sites for electric vehicle charging stations Posted: 06 Jun 2022 07:56 AM PDT Researchers have developed a computational model that can be used to determine the optimal places for locating electric vehicle charging facilities, as well as how powerful the charging stations can be without placing an undue burden on the local power grid. |
| Sharp X-ray images despite imperfect lenses Posted: 06 Jun 2022 07:56 AM PDT X-rays make it possible to explore inside human bodies or peer inside objects. The technology used to illuminate the detail in microscopically small structures is the same as that used in familiar situations -- such as medical imaging at a clinic or luggage control at the airport. X-ray microscopy enables scientists to study the three-dimensional structure of materials, organisms or tissues without cutting and damaging the sample. Unfortunately, the performance of X-ray microscopy is limited by the difficulties in producing the perfect lens. A team has now shown that, despite the manufacturing limitations of lenses, a much higher image quality and sharpness than ever before can be achieved using a special experimental arrangement and numerical image reconstruction downstream: an algorithm compensates for the deficits of the lenses. |
| Red pandas face a fractured future Posted: 06 Jun 2022 07:56 AM PDT The much-loved red panda is renowned for its tree-climbing ability and adorable nature, but new research shows the endangered mammal is being driven closer to extinction. |
| Intersecting light beams key in transformative 3D printer potential Posted: 06 Jun 2022 07:56 AM PDT Researchers have used intersecting light beams to control chemical reactions in an advanced material, paving the way for future use in 3D printers that print entire layers, instead of single points, at a time. |
| Molecular mechanism behind migration revealed in salt-seeking worms Posted: 06 Jun 2022 07:56 AM PDT Researchers have uncovered the molecular mechanism responsible for turning migratory actions on and off in nematode worms. The team found that the protein syntaxin plays a vital role in storing memory in the nervous system, and that altering it can affect the migratory behavior of nematodes. This line of research could one day help us better understand the migratory behavior of larger species such as mammals. |
| New way to identify influenza A virus lights up when specific virus targets are present Posted: 06 Jun 2022 07:56 AM PDT In order to quickly detect the presence of the influenza A virus, researchers developed a fluorogenic probe that could bind to the promoter region. A fluorogenic probe uses tiny molecules called fluorophores that emit light when a specific target is present. |
| Scientists use robots to reveal how predatory fish cope with unpredictable prey Posted: 06 Jun 2022 07:56 AM PDT Scientists have demonstrated how predators overcome their preys' erratic behavior by adapting their own during the hunt. |
| Power up: New polymer property could boost accessible solar power Posted: 06 Jun 2022 06:15 AM PDT Researchers have observed structural chirality, a biological property important to photosynthesis, emerging in achiral conjugated polymers. Their discovery could help enhance flexible solar cell design and increase access to affordable renewable energy. |
| Removing barriers to opioid use disorder treatment shows success during pandemic Posted: 04 Jun 2022 05:29 AM PDT Pandemic-era changes to prescribing guidelines for the lifesaving drug buprenorphine led to improved treatment outcomes for patients with opioid use disorder in Philadelphia, according to a recently published study. |
| Grain boundaries go with the flow Posted: 03 Jun 2022 12:54 PM PDT Engineers mimic atom-scale grain boundaries with magnetic particles to see how shear stress influences their movement. |
| Novel method for early disease detection using DNA droplets Posted: 03 Jun 2022 12:33 PM PDT Droplet systems such as DNA droplets, which are formed by liquid-liquid phase separation of macromolecules, play an essential role in cellular functions. Now, by combining the technologies of DNA droplets and DNA computing, computational DNA droplets have been developed, which can recognize specific patterns in tumor biomarker microRNA sequences. |
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