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| DNA shed from colon cancers into bloodstream successfully guides chemotherapy after surgery Posted: 04 Jun 2022 05:29 AM PDT A multi-institutional, international study found that testing for ctDNA after surgery and directing chemotherapy to ctDNA-positive patients reduced the use of chemotherapy overall without compromising recurrence-free survival. |
| Targeted drug achieves 43% response rate in KRAS-mutated lung cancer Posted: 03 Jun 2022 12:54 PM PDT Nearly 43% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose lung cancers harbored a specific KRAS mutation responded to the experimental drug adagrasib, and the targeted agent also showed activity against lesions in the brain that metastasized from the lung tumors, according to results of a new study. |
| Nanostructured fibers can impersonate human muscles Posted: 03 Jun 2022 12:33 PM PDT Researchers have created a new type of fiber that can perform like a muscle actuator, in many ways better than other options that exist today. And, most importantly, these muscle-like fibers are simple to make and recycle. |
| Great timing, supercomputer upgrade lead to successful forecast of volcanic eruption Posted: 03 Jun 2022 12:33 PM PDT In the fall of 2017, a team of geologists had just set up a new volcanic forecasting modeling program on the Blue Waters and iForge supercomputers. Simultaneously, another team was monitoring activity at the Sierra Negra volcano in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. The teams shared their insights and what happened next was the fortuitous forecast of the June 2018 Sierra Negra eruption five months before it occurred. |
| New research shows long-term personality traits influence problem-solving in zebra finches Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT Zebra finches innovate solutions to novel foraging tasks, where sometimes success is related to personality type. |
| Shaping up the genome for cell division Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT Our cells perform a marvel of engineering when it comes to packing information into small spaces. Every time a cell divides, it bundles up an amazing 4 meters of DNA into 46 tiny packages, each of which is only several millionths of a metre in length. Researchers have now discovered how a family of DNA motor proteins succeeds in packaging loosely arranged strands of DNA into compact individual chromosomes during cell division. |
| Scientists uncover key factor in human brain development Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT Scientists have made a breakthrough discovery about the development of the brain. This new information contributes to our understanding of how the part of the brain that makes humans more intelligent than other mammals develops, and offers insights into what causes intellectual disabilities, including autism spectrum disorders. |
| Research reveals secrets of baffling but all-too-common type of diabetes Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT A mysterious form of diabetes known as malnutrition-related diabetes afflicts tens of millions of people in Asian and sub-Saharan African countries. Its victims -- mainly thin and impoverished adolescents and young adults -- rarely live more than a year after diagnosis. Their young age and thinness suggest type 1 diabetes (T1D), but insulin injections usually don't help and can even cause death from low blood sugar. Nor do patients seem to have type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is typically associated with obesity. The disease was first described nearly 70 years ago, yet lack of research into the condition means that doctors are still unsure how to treat it. |
| Tracking sleep with a self-powering smart pillow Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT The human body needs sleep as much as it needs food and water. Yet many people fail to get enough, causing both mind and body to suffer. People who struggle for shut-eye could benefit from monitoring their sleep, but they have limited options for doing so. One team describes a potential solution: a self-powering smart pillow that tracks the position of the head. |
| Nor'easters rivaling hurricanes as flood threat to the Mid-Atlantic Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT While coastal flooding from tropical weather events such as hurricanes tend to get a lot of media attention, a new study from the University of Delaware found that midlatitude weather events like Nor'easters can produce flood levels just as severe and occur much more frequently in the Mid-Atlantic. |
| Ancient ocean floors could help in the search for critical minerals Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT Studying ancient ocean floors could help us discover minerals needed to produce electric cars and solar panels. |
| AI ethical decision making: Is society ready? Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT With the accelerating evolution of technology, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a growing role in decision-making processes. Humans are becoming increasingly dependent on algorithms to process information, recommend certain behaviors, and even take actions of their behalf. A research team has studied how humans react to the introduction of AI decision making. Specifically, they explored the question, 'is society ready for AI ethical decision making?' by studying human interaction with autonomous cars. |
| New insights into effects of membrane proteins on plant growth Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT Scientists have revealed two enzymes that regulate protein degradation of proteins in the cell membrane of plants, and established the roles they play in plant growth and development. |
| An atomic-scale window into superconductivity paves the way for new quantum materials Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT Superconductors are materials with no electrical resistance whatsoever, commonly requiring extremely low temperatures. They are used in a wide range of domains, from medical applications to a central role in quantum computers. Superconductivity is caused by specially linked pairs of electrons known as Cooper pairs. So far, the occurrence of Cooper pairs has been measured indirectly macroscopically in bulk, but a new technique can detect their occurrence with atomic precision. |
| Fecal transplant throws new light on inflammatory bowel disease Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:48 AM PDT Inflammatory bowel disease is accompanied by a number of changes in the intestines, such as a change in epithelial permeability, a change in the composition of the microorganisms, and altered levels of antimicrobial substances that are secreted by cells lining the gut. Finding out whether changes are a cause or an effect of the inflammation is difficult. Microbiologists have now teased out the causal chain leading to inflammation. |
| Bone, heal thyself: Toward ceramics tailored for optimized bone self-repair Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:48 AM PDT Researchers have determined chemical parameters that affect the rate of calcium phosphate ceramic conversion into hydroxyapatite in a simulated body fluid. Shorter carbon chain lengths in the phosphate ester facilitated faster remodeling than longer chains. These findings will help researchers design bone substitutes that better meet the needs of real medical practice and improve outcomes from bone repair surgeries. |
| How simulations could help get PFAS out of soil Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:48 AM PDT Chemists are discovering new information to help remediate 'forever chemicals' by showing for the first time how they interact with soil at the molecular level. |
| Weight loss with bariatric surgery cuts the risk of developing cancer and death from cancer Posted: 03 Jun 2022 09:48 AM PDT A new study shows that among adults with obesity, weight loss achieved with bariatric surgery was associated with a 32% lower risk of developing cancer and a 48% lower risk of cancer-related death compared with adults who did not have the surgery. |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:02 AM PDT A team of public health modelers and substance use experts has developed a dynamic model based on national data from 1999 to 2020 that tracks the evolution of the opioid crisis for public policy analysis and development. |
| A novel path for sustainable photon upconversion with non-precious metals Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:02 AM PDT Sustainable chemical applications need to be able to employ renewable energy sources, renewable raw materials, and earth-abundant elements. However, to date many techniques have only been possible with the use of expensive precious metals or rare earth metals, the extraction of which can have serious environmental impacts. A team of researchers has now achieved a breakthrough in the use of chromium, an abundant base metal. |
| Scientists develop a 'fabric' that turns body movement into electricity Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT Scientists have developed a stretchable and waterproof 'fabric' that turns energy generated from body movements into electrical energy. |
| A model of improved safety for LNG storage Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT A new high-performance computational model optimizing the design of large liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks will lead to improved safety and security of storage facilities, with the bonus of reduced construction costs, according to new research. |
| The link between temperature, dehydration and tectonic tremors in Alaska Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT No one is at their best when they are dehydrated and that goes for tectonic plates too. Researchers using a thermomechanical model of the Alaska subduction zone indicates that plate dehydration is at its highest in the region where low-frequency tremors occur, suggesting that the expelled water contributes towards these seimic events. This improved understanding will contribute to better predictions of future earthquakes. |
| Doctor's 'mood' likely to increase their risk of being sued Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT A new study finds doctor's 'mood' is affecting their work and chances of medical negligence. |
| Why confronting invasive species is one of the best ways to prepare for climate change Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT New research finds that the ecological effect of invasive species alone is comparable to the combined effects of invasives plus warming temperatures, drought or nitrogen deposition. This suggests that a critical preparation for climate change is to manage invasive species at the local level. |
| Fish cannibalism rare in wild, study finds Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT Mosquitofish and guppies, though known to be cannibalistic in captivity, are extremely unlikely to be cannibals in wild settings, and the rare instances of cannibalism in these fish are likely due to strong competition for food. |
| Counting cancerous lymph nodes is best predictor of mortality across most cancers Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT A new study shows that counting cancerous lymph nodes could be a reliable outcome predictor for cancer patients. |
| Physical abuse less likely when spanking is eliminated Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT When parents in countries worldwide use spanking as a behavior deterrent, their children are more likely to become a victim of physical abuse, say researchers. |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT Indiscriminate snaring for bushmeat hunting may have varying collateral effects on non-target species, ranging from mild injuries to death. Beyond immediate mortalities these effects are rarely examined. A team of scientists now analyzed the life-history consequences of debilitating snare injuries in individually known female spotted hyenas between 1987 and 2020 in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. The long-term data revealed that injuries did not decrease the age expectancy of the hyenas, but hampered their reproductive performance. Debilitating injuries caused by snares delayed their age at first reproduction, decreased the size of their litters and reduced the survival of their offspring. |
| NASA's Davinci mission to take the plunge through massive atmosphere of Venus Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT NASA scientists and engineers give new details about the Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging (DAVINCI) mission, which will descend through the layered Venus atmosphere to the surface of the planet in mid-2031. DAVINCI is the first mission to study Venus using both spacecraft flybys and a descent probe. |
| Controlling the waveform of ultrashort infrared pulses Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT An international team of laser physicists has achieved unprecedented control over light pulses in the mid-infrared wavelength range. |
| A digital twin for citrus fruits Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT Around one third of all food worldwide ends up in the trash bin instead of on our plate. With the help of digital twins, researchers at Empa and Stellenbosch University are now aiming to reduce food waste, for example in the case of citrus fruits, along the production and supply chains. The hygrothermal measurement data needed to improve the shelf life of oranges and the like would actually be available. So far, however, they have been underutilized, the researchers write in a recent study in the journal Nature Food. |
| How plesiosaurs swam underwater Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:01 AM PDT Plesiosaurs are characterized by four uniform flippers. It was possible to reconstruct whether they used these in a rowing or flying motion underwater thanks to a combination of paleontological and engineering methods. |
| Primates and non-primates differ in the architecture of their neurons Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:00 AM PDT High-resolution microscopy now enabled an international research team to enlarge the knowledge about species-specific differences of the architecture of cortical neurons. |
| Heat-lovers are the lucky ones: Insects and climate change Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:00 AM PDT Sparse data often make it difficult to track how climate change is affecting populations of insect species. A new study has now evaluated an extensive species mapping database (Artenschutzkartierung, ASK) and assessed the population trends of butterflies, dragonflies and grasshoppers in Bavaria since 1980. The main finding: heat-loving species have been increasing. |
| How we choose to end deforestation will impact future emissions Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:00 AM PDT Could the Glasgow Leaders' Declaration on Forests and Land Use's ambitions be too ambiguous? An international team of researchers looked into this question. |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2022 07:00 AM PDT Combination chemoimmunotherapy with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib demonstrated improved progression-free survival over standard chemoimmunotherapy for previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in patients 65 and over, researchers reported. |
| Posted: 02 Jun 2022 04:32 PM PDT A compound called ERX-41 targets a previously unrecognized vulnerability in difficult-to-treat types of cancer including triple-negative breast cancer. The compound will be studied as a drug for clinical translation. |
| Target protein for diabetes drug linked to reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease Posted: 02 Jun 2022 01:40 PM PDT Mechanisms associated with a particular diabetes drug can also help to protect against Alzheimer's disease, a new study reports. The results indicate that the drug's target protein can be an interesting candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. |
| Decoding the language of immune responses Posted: 02 Jun 2022 12:39 PM PDT Researchers from McGill University and the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) have made some surprising discoveries about our immune system. By using mathematical modelling to look at specific aspects of immune responses in mice and humans, their data-driven approach, described in a recent article in Science, reveals that immune responses may exist on a finer spectrum than had previously been believed. The results also suggest that in the battle between a body's defenses and intruders, the messengers are key. These findings could advance cancer and other immunotherapy treatments. |
| Posted: 02 Jun 2022 11:22 AM PDT New research reveals that 44 percent of Earth's land area -- some 64 million square kilometers (24.7 million square miles) requires conservation to safeguard biodiversity. |
| The consequences of climate change in the Alps are visible from space Posted: 02 Jun 2022 11:08 AM PDT Global warming has a particularly pronounced impact on the Alpine region. Like the Arctic, this European mountain range is becoming greener. Researchers have now used satellite data to show that vegetation above the tree line has increased in nearly 80% of the Alps. Snow cover is also decreasing, albeit so far only slightly. |
| Posted: 02 Jun 2022 11:08 AM PDT An investigation into the evolution of Salmonella bacteria infecting Brazilian poultry shows that the introduction of a Salmonella vaccine, combined with increasing antibiotic usage by Brazilian farmers, has led to the rise of strains that are more antibiotic-resistant, but less likely to cause disease in humans. |
| Children who attend schools with more traffic noise show slower cognitive development Posted: 02 Jun 2022 11:08 AM PDT A new study suggests that traffic noise at schools has a detrimental effect on the development of working memory and attention in primary-school students. |
| Parents' unpredictable behavior may impair optimal brain circuit formation Posted: 02 Jun 2022 11:08 AM PDT Researchers are conducting pioneering research into the concept that unpredictable parental behaviors, together with unpredictable environment, such as lack of routines and frequent disasters, disrupt optimal emotional brain circuit development in children, increasing their vulnerability to mental illness and substance abuse. |
| Height may be risk factor for multiple health conditions Posted: 02 Jun 2022 11:08 AM PDT A large genetic study has found that a person's height may affect their risk for several common health conditions in adulthood. Significant findings include a link between height and lower risk of coronary heart disease, and a link between height and higher risk for peripheral neuropathy and circulatory disorders. |
| Joining the fight against non-small cell lung cancer Posted: 02 Jun 2022 10:23 AM PDT Scientists develop a blood test that could help with early detection of non-small cell lung cancer, as well as potential drug resistance. |
| 6G component provides speed, efficiency needed for next-gen network Posted: 02 Jun 2022 10:23 AM PDT An international team led by researchers has developed 6G components that will allow future devices to achieve increased speeds necessary for such a technological jump. |
| Posted: 02 Jun 2022 10:23 AM PDT Medical researchers have found that Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, or FMT, is an optimal cost-effective treatment for first recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. |
| Posted: 02 Jun 2022 10:23 AM PDT They click. They whistle. They love seafood. They are New York City's nearshore bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that return to feed in local waters from spring to fall each year, and a team of scientists is tracking them. |
| New discoveries in lupus research Posted: 02 Jun 2022 09:14 AM PDT A national expert in systemic lupus erythematosus, or lupus, at the University of Houston has identified biomarkers for heart disease and for children with lupus nephritis. |
| Benefit of supplements for slowing age-related macular degeneration Posted: 02 Jun 2022 09:14 AM PDT The AREDS2 dietary supplement formula not only reduces risk of lung cancer due to beta-carotene, but is also more effective at reducing risk of AMD progression, compared to the original AREDS formula. |
| Immune therapy targets cells that cause leukemia relapse Posted: 02 Jun 2022 09:14 AM PDT Genetically engineered immune cells successfully target the specific cancer cells that may be responsible for relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a type of blood cancer, and proved effective in animal models of the disease, according to a preclinical study. The new cell therapy, now being tested in phase 1 clinical trials, may ultimately help patients with AML to remain cancer-free. |
| Researchers take optical coherence tomography to the next level Posted: 02 Jun 2022 08:42 AM PDT Researchers have developed an enhanced version of optical coherence tomography (OCT) that can image biomedical samples at higher contrast and resolution over a wider 3D field of view than was previously possible. |
| Posted: 02 Jun 2022 08:42 AM PDT As prices for genetic testing go down and awareness of what these tests can do goes up, more and more people are choosing to have their DNA analyzed. One limitation to these tests is that even when they are conducted with guidance from a doctor, genetic variants may be detected whose roles in disease risk are not fully understood. |
| Evidence mounts for alternate origins of Alzheimer's disease plaques Posted: 02 Jun 2022 08:42 AM PDT A breakdown in how brain cells rid themselves of waste precedes the buildup of debris-filled plaques known to occur in Alzheimer's disease, a new study in mice shows. |
| Neuroscientists demonstrate flexibility of innate behavior Posted: 02 Jun 2022 08:42 AM PDT Some behaviours that are crucial to survival appear to be hard-wired, meaning that they occur without previous experience. For example, many prey organisms naturally know how to escape to safety from perceived threats. However, it is also important for an organism to learn about the world and adapt to its ever-changing circumstances. How does the nervous system enact such flexible decisions over a lifetime? |
| Shifting signatures of climate change reshuffle northern species Posted: 02 Jun 2022 08:42 AM PDT Analysis of long-term monitoring data for almost 1,500 species in Finland shows that four decades of climate change has led species to shift between the 'better' and 'worse' parts of their climatic niches, and that these impacts were most pronounced at higher latitudes. |
| Coffee consumption link to reduced risk of acute kidney injury, study finds Posted: 02 Jun 2022 08:42 AM PDT If you need another reason to start the day drinking a cup of joe, a recent study has revealed that consuming at least one cup of coffee a day may reduce the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) when compared to those who do not drink coffee. |
| Patagonia's coast offers cool refuge for giant kelp Posted: 02 Jun 2022 08:42 AM PDT Giant kelp forests around the world have struggled to stay healthy in recent decades, with some vanishing altogether. But along Patagonia's rugged southwestern coast, giant kelp are thriving, showing remarkable stability for almost 200 years. New research suggests frequent marine cold spells could help keep kelp happy. |
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