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| How mosquito brains encode human odor so they can seek us out Posted: 04 May 2022 10:08 AM PDT Some strains of Aedes aegypti -- the mosquito that carries Zika, malaria and dengue fever -- have evolved to bite humans almost exclusively. A team has now discovered how they target us so precisely. |
| The quest for an ideal quantum bit Posted: 04 May 2022 10:08 AM PDT Scientists have developed a qubit platform formed by freezing neon gas into a solid, spraying electrons from a light bulb's filament onto it, and trapping a single electron there. This system shows great promise as an ideal building block for quantum computers. |
| Surprising risk factors may predict heart attacks in young women Posted: 04 May 2022 10:08 AM PDT A new study has for the first time identified which risk factors are more likely to trigger a heart attack or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for men and women 55 years and younger. |
| Astronomers discover a rare 'black widow' binary, with the shortest orbit yet Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Astronomers discovered a 'black widow binary' -- a rapidly spinning neutron star circling and slowly consuming a smaller companion star. Named ZTF J1406+1222, the pair has the shortest orbital period yet identified, and is unique in that it appears to host a third star that orbits around the two inner stars every 10,000 years. |
| A healthy lifestyle helps to prevent gestational diabetes in those at highest genetic risk Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Researchers have developed a genetic-risk score for identifying individuals who would benefit the most from lifestyle counseling to prevent gestational and postpartum diabetes. |
| The role of the cerebellum in absence seizures Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Researchers have gained new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of absence seizures and potential therapy options. |
| Jaws hold crucial knowledge on the fate of sharks Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT A significant change in the genetics of tiger sharks reveals a vulnerability to direct exploitation and shark control programs. |
| Cold-survival strategies in animals: A spectrum, not either-or Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Animals have three main strategies to survive the freezing temperatures of winter: migrating, remaining in place and resisting the cold, and reducing body temperature and metabolic rate in a state called torpor. |
| Benefits of exercise may vary greatly in primary mitochondrial disease Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Researchers demonstrated that the benefits of endurance exercise can vary based on the type of mutation involved in mitochondrial disease, and while the benefits of exercise tend to outweigh the risks, the mitochondrial genetic status of patients should be taken into consideration when recommending exercise as therapy. |
| Gene expression in the nervous system: Mechanism for its targeted stimulation discovered Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Genes are the carriers of our genetic information. They are read in our cells and used to produce ribonucleic acids (RNAs). During this process, termed transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase II has a decisive influence on the exact time at which genes are read and on the intensity with which this happens. In their recent article, researchers have shown exactly how RNA polymerase II is activated in nerve cells, and how this stimulates gene expression, the targeted use of genetic information. Their discoveries contain valuable starting points for further biomedical research. |
| New target for CAR T cells in solid tumors Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Researchers share the identification of a new potential target for CAR T cells called OR2H1 that they have demonstrated inhibits growth in lung and ovarian tumors. |
| Remote programming of cardiac implantable devices is safe for MRI scan, study suggests Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT More than 60 million magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are performed worldwide each year, but imaging for the millions of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) such as pacemakers is a logistical challenge, because of concerns with how the magnetic field affects the implants. Now, a newly published study reveals safe and effective reprogramming of these devices is possible, even from a remote location. |
| Researchers manipulate demographic of bacterial community with novel electronic technology Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Using second-long electrical shocks, scientists discovered they could control the types of cells in a community of bacteria. Being able to direct the ratio of cells holds implications for settings spanning agriculture to health care, where antibiotic resistance is a significant threat. |
| Investigating cancer drug toxicity leads to a critical discovery Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT When patients started showing adverse side effects during a cancer immunotherapy trial, researchers went back through the data and worked with patient samples to see what went wrong. |
| Fungi-based meat alternatives to help save Earth's forests Posted: 04 May 2022 08:04 AM PDT Substituting 20 % of meat from cattle with microbial protein -- a meat alternative produced in fermentation tanks -- by 2050 could halve deforestation, a new analysis finds. The market-ready meat alternative is very similar in taste and texture, but is a biotech product which -- by replacing beef -- involves much less land resources and greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and land-use change. This goes under the assumption of a growing world population's increasing appetite for beefy bites, and it is the first time researchers have projected the development of these market-ready meat substitutes into the future, assessing their potential impact on the environment. |
| A new wearable technology -- for plants Posted: 04 May 2022 07:09 AM PDT Plants can't speak up when they are thirsty. And visual signs, such as shriveling or browning leaves, don't start until most of their water is gone. To detect water loss earlier, researchers have created a wearable sensor for plant leaves. The system wirelessly transmits data to a smartphone app, allowing for remote management of drought stress in gardens and crops. |
| Landslides can have a major impact on glacier melt and movement Posted: 04 May 2022 06:29 AM PDT Using satellite imagery to study the effects of a 2019 landslide on the Amalia Glacier in Patagonia, a research team found the landslide helped stabilize the glacier and caused it to grow by about 1,000 meters over the last three years. |
| Fecal transplants reverse hallmarks of aging Posted: 04 May 2022 05:26 AM PDT In the search for eternal youth, fecal transplants may seem like an unlikely way to reverse the aging process. However, scientists have provided evidence, from research in mice, that transplanting fecal microbiota from young into old mice can reverse hallmarks of aging in the gut, eyes, and brain. In the reverse experiment, microbes from aged mice induced inflammation in the brain of young recipients and depleted a key protein required for normal vision. These findings show that gut microbes play a role in the regulating some of the detrimental effects of ageing and open up the possibility of gut microbe-based therapies to combat decline in later life. |
| Researchers devise cheaper, faster way to continuously produce amines Posted: 04 May 2022 05:26 AM PDT Chemical engineering researchers have developed a faster, less expensive technique for producing hindered amines -- a class of chemicals used as building blocks in products ranging from pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals to detergents and organic light emitting diodes. |
| Urbanization linked to poor ecological knowledge, less environmental action Posted: 04 May 2022 05:26 AM PDT A new study highlights a sharp contrast between urban and suburban ways of thinking about coastal ecosystems. The authors of the study used statistical and cognitive science techniques to analyze data from a survey of 1,400 residents across the U.S. East Coast. Their results showed that surveyed residents of urban centers often held a more simplistic, and less realistic, understanding of coastal ecosystems than residents in suburban areas. The research also uncovered a lower propensity to take pro-environmental actions among urban populations. |
| Comprehensive regional diagnostic of microbial ocean life using DNA testing Posted: 04 May 2022 05:26 AM PDT Scientists have used tools of genetics research akin to those used in genealogical research to evaluate the diversity of marine life off the California coast. Large-scale 'metabarcoding' methods could revolutionize how society understands forces that drive seafood supply, planet's ability to remove greenhouse gases. |
| Squid and octopus genome studies reveal how cephalopods' unique traits evolved Posted: 04 May 2022 05:23 AM PDT Squid, octopus, and cuttlefish -- even to scientists who study them -- are wonderfully weird creatures. Known as the soft-bodied or coleoid cephalopods, they have the largest nervous system of any invertebrate, complex behaviors such as instantaneous camouflage, arms studded with dexterous suckers, and other evolutionarily unique traits. Now, scientists have dug into the cephalopod genome to understand how these unusual animals came to be. Along the way, they discovered cephalopod genomes are as weird as the animals are. Scientists from the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, the University of Vienna, the University of Chicago, the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology and the University of California, Berkeley, reported their findings in two new studies in Nature Communications. |
| Children's products labeled water- or stain-resistant may contain PFAS Posted: 04 May 2022 05:22 AM PDT Seems like kids are always getting into something, so products marketed toward them often claim to repel liquids. Some items contain potentially harmful per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to accomplish this feat, but companies aren't required to disclose these 'forever chemicals' on labels. Now, researchers show that some children's products advertised as water- or stain-resistant contain PFAS, even items labeled 'green' or 'nontoxic.' |
| Seashell-inspired shield protects materials in hostile environments Posted: 03 May 2022 05:16 PM PDT An ecological protective coating, stronger yet less expensive than potentially dangerous beryllium shielding, is baked of alternating layers of sugar and silica. The simple result, which mimics the structure of a seashell, should lower costs for pulsed power machines and space satellites. |
| Mental illness plays havoc with the mind as well as the heart Posted: 03 May 2022 05:16 PM PDT We need to pay more attention to the physical impacts of mental illness. It could not only be messing with your mind, but also your heart, say scientists. |
| New portal improves forecasts of devastating storms in West Africa Posted: 03 May 2022 04:02 PM PDT Storms in the Sahel region, which can reach over 100km in size, have become more extreme since the 1980s due to global warming, with more intense rainfall. An online portal will enable forecasters in West Africa to provide communities with earlier and more reliable warnings about large storms. |
| Brain circuit responsible for cocaine withdrawal-induced anxiety and relapse-related behavior Posted: 03 May 2022 04:02 PM PDT New research finds that drug withdrawal-induced anxiety and reinstatement of drug seeking behaviors are controlled by a single pathway in the brain and centered around dopamine cells. |
| How alcohol cravings get stronger after drinking during withdrawal Posted: 03 May 2022 04:02 PM PDT A new finding in an animal study could eventually lead to improved treatments to minimize cravings in people with alcohol use disorder. |
| Diet type can increase potentially harmful gas in the gut Posted: 03 May 2022 04:02 PM PDT Scientists looked at colonic hydrogen sulfide -- a toxic gas in the body that smells like rotten eggs -- production in people in response to animal- and plant-based diet interventions. |
| Study of ancient predators sheds light on how humans did -- or didn't -- find food Posted: 03 May 2022 04:02 PM PDT A new analysis of the remains of ancient predators reveals new information about how prehistoric humans did -- or didn't -- find their food. |
| Study develops framework for forecasting contribution of snowpack to flood risk during winter storms Posted: 03 May 2022 04:01 PM PDT A new study provides a framework for a snowpack decision support tool that could help water managers prepare for potential flooding during rain-on-snow events, using hourly data from existing snow monitoring stations. |
| Experiments measure freezing point of extraterrestrial oceans to aid search for life Posted: 03 May 2022 04:01 PM PDT A planetary scientist worked with engineers to measure the physical limits for a liquid when salty water is at very high pressure. The results suggest where to look for extraterrestrial life in the ice-covered oceans of Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's moon Titan. |
| Physicists develop ideal testing conditions of solar cells for space applications Posted: 03 May 2022 11:14 AM PDT Researchers have described the optimal conditions for testing perovskite solar cells for space. |
| Fluorescent probe for bad cooking oil in the portable platform Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT A research team develops a fluorescent molecular sensor for detecting bad cooking oils. The novel technology enables anyone to easily measure the cooked time for all kinds of cooking oils. |
| B12 deficiency harms young children's development, and the food relief we provide isn't good enough Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT Vitamin B12 deficiency in infants leads to poor motor development and anemia, according to a new study . B12 deficiency is an enormous, yet overlooked problem, and the food relief currently suppied is not helping. According to the researchers, the problem calls for new solutions. |
| In poplars, two plant hormones boost each other in defense against pathogenic fungi Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT In contrast to previous assumptions, the defense hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid do not always suppress each other in regulating plant chemical defenses against pests and pathogens. In trees, the interplay of both hormones can actually increase plant resistance. |
| Student satisfaction in flipped classroom is built on guidance, pedagogy, and a safe atmosphere Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT Students are satisfied with flipped classroom when they have systematic guidance on the teaching approach in use, comprehensive understanding of both the content being taught and the discipline more generally, and a safe learning atmosphere conducive to conversation. Teachers also need to pay attention to the students' technological skills and their own contact teaching skills, according to a new study. |
| Dual membrane offers hope for long-term energy storage Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT A new approach to battery design could provide the key to low-cost, long-term energy storage, according to researchers. |
| How the black rat colonized Europe in the Roman and Medieval periods Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT New ancient DNA analysis has shed light on how the black rat, blamed for spreading Black Death, dispersed across Europe -- revealing that the rodent colonized the continent on two occasions in the Roman and Medieval periods. By analyzing DNA from ancient black rat remains found at archaeological sites spanning the 1st to the 17th centuries in Europe and North Africa, researchers have pieced together a new understanding of how rat populations dispersed following the ebbs and flows of human trade, urbanism, and empires. |
| Beetle iridescence a deceptive form of warning coloration Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT A new study published today in Animal Behaviour shows for the first time that brilliant iridescence and gloss found in some animals can have a protective function by working as a form of deceptive warning coloration, and that it is the key feature of iridescence, its changing colors, that is important for this effect. |
| Proposed spacecraft navigation uses x-rays from dead stars Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT The remnants of a collapsed neutron star, called a pulsar, are magnetically charged and spinning anywhere from one rotation per second to hundreds of rotations per second. These celestial bodies, each 12 to 15 miles in diameter, generate light in the x-ray wavelength range. Researchers have developed a new way spacecraft can use signals from multiple pulsars to navigate in deep space. |
| Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT During experiments in animal models, researchers have discovered a possible new approach to immunization against Alzheimer's disease. Their method uses a recombinant methionine (Met)-rich protein derived from corn that was then oxidized in vitro to produce the antigen: methionine sulfoxide (MetO)-rich protein. |
| Brain networks can play role in weight-loss success Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT When it comes to weight loss, the old adage it's all in your head may be true. Scientists have shown that two specific networks in the brain can strongly influence how successful a person will be when trying to lose weight. |
| For stroke survivors, modified cardiac rehabilitation can reduce the chances of death by 76% Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT Survivors of serious stroke can reduce their chances of dying within the year by 76% if they complete a modified cardiac rehabilitation program that includes medically supervised exercise, prescribed therapy, and physician follow-up, according to new research. The findings have the potential to change the future of stroke care. |
| What happens when traits jump between branches of the tree of life Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT We all must play the game of life with the cards we're dealt, so the common aphorism goes. In biology, this means organisms must compete through natural selection with the genes and anatomy they were born with. But the saying is a lie. Okay, it’s not exactly a lie, but modern research suggests that the game of life is far more complicated than we had anticipated. There are opportunities to swap cards and even steal other players’ hands. |
| Lost value of landfilled plastic in US Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT With mountains of plastic waste piling up in landfills and scientists estimating that there will be more plastics by weight than fish in the ocean by 2050, the growing environmental challenge presented to the world by plastics is well understood. What is less well understood by the scientific community is the lost energy opportunity. In short, plastic waste is also energy wasted. |
| Finding your car in a parking lot relies on this newly discovered brain circuit Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT When exploring a new environment, mice make use of a unique long-distance connection in the brain that prompts them to pay attention to the most salient features of the environment, according to new research. The link, originating in the prefrontal cortex and stretching to the hippocampus, provides evidence of how the brain's higher cognitive regions refine operations occurring in distant brain areas. |
| Combination of drugs for obesity and Type 2 diabetes may be more effective than a single therapy Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT Researchers have identified new drug combinations to treat people with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. The goal is to develop personalized prescriptions that are more effective than single drugs and that can potentially replace more invasive treatments such as bariatric surgery, especially for children. |
| Anti-idling campaign reduces idling time at elementary schools Posted: 03 May 2022 11:13 AM PDT An anti-idling campaign at elementary schools was effective in reducing idling time by 38%, and an air monitoring experiment found that air quality around schools can vary over short distances. These findings can help schools and school districts plan to protect students, staff and the community from unhealthy air pollution both indoors and outdoors. |
| Face shape influences mask fit, suggests problems with double masking against COVID-19 Posted: 03 May 2022 08:05 AM PDT In a new study, researchers used principal component analysis along with fluid dynamics simulation models to show the crucial importance of proper fit for all types of masks and how face shape influences the most ideal fit. They modeled a moderate cough jet from a mouth of an adult male wearing a cloth mask over the nose and mouth with elastic bands wrapped around the ears and calculated the maximum volume flow rates through the front of mask and peripheral gaps at different material porosity levels. |
| Study of promising Alzheimer's marker in blood prompts warning about brain-boosting supplements Posted: 03 May 2022 08:05 AM PDT Elevated levels of an enzyme called PHGDH in the blood of older adults could be an early warning sign of Alzheimer's disease. Researchers have consistently found high levels of PHGDH expression in brain tissue and blood samples of older adults with different stages of the disease. |
| Indigenous peoples have shucked billions of oysters around the world sustainably Posted: 03 May 2022 08:05 AM PDT A new global study of Indigenous oyster fisheries shows that oyster fisheries were hugely productive and sustainably managed on a massive scale over hundreds and even thousands of years of intensive harvest. The study's broadest finding was that long before European colonizers arrived, the Indigenous groups in these locations harvested and ate immense quantities of oysters in a manner that did not appear to cause the bivalves' populations to suffer and crash. |
| Acute sleep loss may alter the way we see others Posted: 03 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT A new study shows that young adults when sleep-deprived evaluate angry faces as less trustworthy and healthy-looking. Furthermore, neutral and fearful faces appear less attractive following sleep loss. |
| Researchers discover new species of salamander from Gulf Coastal plains hotspot Posted: 03 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT There are approximately 750 species of salamander known to science, a third of which reside in North America. Now, a team of researchers has discovered a new species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander from the Gulf Coastal Plain of southeastern Mississippi and southwestern Alabama. |
| Astronauts: Blood clot expert to study blood flow, clot formation in zero gravity Posted: 03 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT This was the first time a blood clot had been found in an astronaut in space, so there was no established method of treatment for DVT in zero gravity. |
| Emphysema severity associated with higher lung cancer risk Posted: 03 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT CT-detected emphysema is linked to a higher risk of lung cancer, a risk that increases with emphysema severity, according to a new study. |
| Younger exoplanets are better candidates when looking for other Earths Posted: 03 May 2022 07:02 AM PDT As the scientific community searches for worlds orbiting nearby stars that could potentially harbor life, new research suggests that younger rocky exoplanets are more likely to support temperate, Earth-like climates. |
| Researchers discover overlooked Jurassic Park of lizards Posted: 03 May 2022 06:17 AM PDT New research moves back the moment of the radiation of squamates -- the group of reptiles that includes lizards, snakes and worm lizards -- to the Jurassic, a long time before current estimates. |
| Endocrine-disrupting chemicals may impair bone health in male teens Posted: 03 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and phthalates (two types of endocrine-disrupting chemicals) may be associated with lower bone mineral density in male teens, according to a new study. |
| A better way to create compounds for pharmaceuticals, other chemicals Posted: 03 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT What do gunpowder, penicillin and Teflon all have in common? They were inventions that took the world by storm, but they were all created by complete accident. |
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