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| Glimpse inside a graphene sandwich Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:06 AM PDT In the search for novel types of superconductors -- phases of matter that that conduct electric current without loss -- scientists are investigating materials that consist of multiple layers. A team has studied in detail the properties of a system of three twisted graphene layers and gained important insights into its properties. |
| Anesthetic drastically diverts the travels of brain waves Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:06 AM PDT Under propofol general anesthesia very slow frequency traveling waves transform and dominate, redirecting and disrupting the higher frequency traveling waves associated with conscious function. |
| Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:06 AM PDT New data shows that the symptoms suffered by people with advanced Alzheimer's disease and related dementias who live in the community occur at a strikingly similar rate to those of dementia patients in a nursing home. |
| Risk of psychotic-like experiences can start in childhood Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Researchers have found that the more urban of an environment a child lived in -- proximity to roads, houses with lead paint risks, families in poverty, and income disparity -- the greater number of psychotic like experiences they had over a year's time. |
| New cocoa processing method produces fruitier, more 'flowery' dark chocolate Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Producing chocolate, one of the world's most beloved sweets, is a multistep process beginning with freshly harvested cocoa beans. People have been experimenting with chocolate-making for millennia, and even today, new methods are still being introduced. Now, researchers have found that an alternative processing step called 'moist incubation' results in a fruitier, more flowery-tasting dark chocolate than the conventional fermentation process. |
| UK wildlife watchers welcome 'ecological refugees' Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Wildlife watchers generally welcome species that have arrived in the UK due to climate change, new research suggests. |
| Solar beats nuclear at many potential settlement sites on Mars Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT While most missions to the moon and other planets rely upon solar power, scientists have assumed that any extended surface mission involving humans would require a more reliable source of energy: nuclear power. Improvements in photovoltaics are upending this calculus. A new study concludes that a solar power system would weigh less than a nuclear system, and would be sufficient to power a colony at sites over nearly half the surface. |
| Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Hydrogen production using sunlight energy (solar-water splitting) has gained much attention in the quest to move towards carbon-neutral technologies. If chemical products with applications in the health and food industries could be produced at the same time as hydrogen, this would help reduce the cost of solar-water splitting, as well as increasing the technology's range of applications. |
| Threatened South American coati found roaming in a large city Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT The South American coati is a medium-sized mammal with a wide distribution in South America. Despite this, it is endangered in southern Brazil, primarily because of the loss of forest habitats. Researchers recorded an individual at the Canoas Airbase, one of the last remaining green spaces in a densely urbanized area of a large city in southern Brazil. |
| 3D bimodal photoacoustic ultrasound imaging to diagnose peripheral vascular diseases Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT A research team has developed a bimodal photoacoustic/ ultrasound imaging technology for the human foot. |
| New research identifies blood biomarker for predicting dementia before symptoms develop Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT New research has identified a blood biomarker that could help identify people with the earliest signs of dementia, even before the onset of symptoms. |
| New study finds childhood abuse linked to higher risk for high cholesterol as an adult Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT The likelihood of developing high cholesterol -- a risk factor for heart disease and stroke -- was higher among white men and white women who experienced abuse during childhood, according to a study of more than 5,000 Black and white adults in the U.S. In contrast, growing up in a well-managed household with family members who were involved and engaged in the child's life offset the higher risk of high cholesterol among white women and Black men who reported abuse during childhood. |
| New mechanism to transfer chirality between molecules in the nanoscale field Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT New research describes how the modulation of the geometry of a helical reactor at a macroscopic level enables controlling the sign of chirality of a process at a nanometric scale, an unprecedented discovery to date in the scientific literature. |
| News from the climate history of the Dead Sea Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT The lake level of the Dead Sea is currently dropping by more than one meter every year -- mainly because of the heavy water consumption in the catchment area. However, very strong lake level drops due to climate changes are also known from earlier times. At the end of the last ice age, for example, the water level dropped by almost 250 meters within a few millennia. |
| Preventing infection with an improved silver coating for medical devices Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT According to folklore, silver bullets kill werewolves, but in the real world, researchers want to harness this metal to fight another deadly foe: bacteria. Recently, scientists have tried to develop a silver coating for implantable medical devices to protect against infection, but they've had limited success. Scientists now describe a new, long-acting silver-ion releasing coating that, in rats, prevents bacteria from adhering to implants and then kills them. |
| Lignin-based jet fuel packs more power for less pollution Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT An experimental plant-based jet fuel could increase engine performance and efficiency, while dispensing with aromatics, the pollution-causing compounds added to conventional fuels, according to new research. |
| Disposable masks could be used to improve concrete Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT With the pervasive single-use masks during the pandemic now presenting an environmental problem, researchers have demonstrated the idea of incorporating old masks into a cement mixture to create stronger, more durable concrete. |
| Physicists embark on a hunt for a long-sought quantum glow Posted: 26 Apr 2022 01:26 PM PDT Researchers say they've found a way to significantly increase the probability of observing the Unruh effect, a 'quantum glow' phenomenon that was first proposed in the 1970s. |
| Posted: 26 Apr 2022 01:25 PM PDT Novel system could lead to catalysts based on cheaper, more abundant nickel rather than more expensive precious metals. |
| Gastrointestinal issues linked with anxiety, social withdrawal for kids with autism Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT A new study found a 'bi-directional' relationship between gastrointestinal issues and internalized symptoms in children and adolescents with autism -- meaning the symptoms seem to be impacting each other simultaneously. The findings could influence future precision medicine research aimed at developing personalized treatments to ease pain for individuals with autism experiencing gastrointestinal issues. |
| Meat substitutes: Environment does not motivate consumption Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT People who have a critical attitude toward factory farming or who pay attention to their health in everyday life are more likely to turn to meat substitutes. Concern for the environment, on the other hand, appears to play no role in this decision. |
| AI may detect earliest signs of pancreatic cancer Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT An artificial intelligence (AI) tool can accurately predicted who would develop pancreatic cancer based on what their CT scan images looked like years prior to being diagnosed with the disease. The findings may help prevent death through early detection of one of the most challenging cancers to treat. |
| Genomic study reveals complex origins of people living in Tibetan-Yi corridor Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT China's mountainous southwestern area is home to one of the country's most ethnically diverse populations. In the most comprehensive genetic analysis of the native people there to date, researchers reveal that the ethnic groups' peopling and migration history is more complex than previously concluded. |
| COVID-19 lockdown measures affect air pollution from cities differently Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT Seizing on a natural experiment created by restricted travel, researchers combine a network model with air pollution data before and during outbreaks. |
| Existing infrastructure will be unable to support future demand for high-speed internet Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT Researchers have shown that the UK's existing copper network cables can support faster internet speeds, but only to a limit. They say additional investment is urgently needed if the government is serious about its commitment to making high-speed internet available to all. |
| Complex networks help explain extreme rainfall events Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT Researchers propose using a complex-network-based clustering workflow to search for synchronized structures of extreme rainfall events within the context of atmospheric chaos. By doing this, they were able to reconstruct a functional climate network to encode the underlying interaction of the climate system. Clusters on the network revealed regions of similar climatological behaviors. This means extreme rainfalls within different locations are not independent of each other but have a certain degree of similarity. |
| Measuring the 'wettability' of graphene and other 2D materials Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT Measuring the 'wettability' of graphene and other 2D materials. Microscopic understanding of wettability can be achieved at the molecular level using 'vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy' (VSFG). |
| Cellular regeneration therapy restores damaged liver tissue faster than ever Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT Mammals can't typically regenerate organs as efficiently as other vertebrates, such as fish and lizards. Now, scientists have found a way to partially reset liver cells to more youthful states -- allowing them to heal damaged tissue at a faster rate than previously observed. The results reveal that the use of reprogramming molecules can improve cell growth, leading to better liver tissue regeneration in mice. |
| New climate modeling predicts increasing occurrences of flash flooding across most of the U.S. Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT A research team has created simulations from coupled climate and hydrologic models that demonstrate widespread increases in the occurrences of flash flooding events across most of the United States. |
| Crossing barriers: How the rabbit virus myxoma leapt into a new species Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT New research explores the spillover of myxoma virus from European rabbits to Iberian hares. In addition to shedding new light on species-jumping viruses, the study shows that the protein permitting the species jump from rabbits to hares may help improve myxoma as a cancer-fighting agent. |
| Researchers develop a paper-thin loudspeaker Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT Researchers created an ultrathin loudspeaker that can turn any rigid surface into a high-quality, active audio source. The fabrication process can enable the thin-film devices to be produced at scale. |
| Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT A potential game-changer in the tuberculosis epidemic was how the tuberculosis community viewed rapid molecular tests for tuberculosis and tuberculosis drug resistance. This was 12 years ago, with the launch of Xpert MTB/RIF, which gives results in less than two hours, simultaneously diagnosing tuberculosis and testing if the bacteria have rifampicin resistance, a type of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is caused by resistance to at least both rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most effective first-line drugs used to treat tuberculosis. |
| Researchers looking for the Goldilocks of exosuits Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT A research team studies exosuits, a wearable mobile machine that allows for limb movement with increased strength and endurance. |
| Poor diet associated with increased diabetes risk across all gradients of genetic risk Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT Genetic risk factors and diet quality are independently associated with type 2 diabetes; a healthy diet is linked to lower diabetes risk across all levels of genetic risk. That's the conclusion of a study of more than 35,000 U.S. adults. |
| Living near fast food restaurants in South Asia may increase risk of Type 2 diabetes Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT Globally, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing. A new study suggests that living near fast food restaurants increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. |
| Parental type 1 diabetes can affect children's cognitive development Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT Cognitive development in children could be affected regardless of which biological parent has type 1 diabetes, according to a new study. The research shows for the first time that having a parent with a chronic disease like type 1 diabetes may be associated with lower school performance rather than maternal high blood sugar during fetal development. |
| Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT Shielding vulnerable people while allowing Covid-19 to run through the rest of the population had been proposed as an alternative strategy to lockdowns. Modelling by University of Bath scientists shows it would ultimately have failed as infections 'leak through' to the most vulnerable. Even in the most optimistic shielding scenario, critical care capacity in hospitals would have been massively exceeded with tens of thousands of unnecessary deaths. |
| Six new species of tiny frog discovered in Mexico Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:18 AM PDT Scientists have discovered six new species of frog the size of a thumbnail in the forests of Mexico, with one earning the distinction of Mexico's smallest frog. |
| Scientists identify genetic variants linked to mobility changes in aging Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT Genetic variants in an enzyme that is important to mitochondrial function may contribute to whether individuals maintain or lose strength and mobility as they age. |
| Researchers unveil a highly efficient means to reverse magnetization with spin currents Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT Researchers have established a low-cost method of magnetization reversal on perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnets. Not needing an external magnetic field, the method brings reverse magnetization closer to commercial viability. |
| New evidence of how exercise can counter diabetes damage Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT One way exercise can counter the damage of diabetes is by enabling activation of a natural system we have to grow new blood vessels when existing ones are ravaged by this disease. |
| Immersive VR: Empowering kids to survive in fire, flood, and war Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT When you live in the driest State in the driest country in the world, bushfires are an unfortunate, and all-too-regular part of life. Learning how to survive such emergencies is important for all people, but especially for our youngest citizens. |
| Scientists use recycled glass waste as sand replacement in 3D printing Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT Researchers have developed the capability to use recycled glass in 3D printing, opening doors to a more environmentally sustainable way of building and construction. |
| Better assess the needs of people with multiple disabilities Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT How do we assess the needs of people with severe multiple disabilities? Unable to communicate verbally and physically, this population has nearly no possibility of expressing itself. Thanks to eye-tracking technology, a team has succeeded in identifying and evaluating certain perceptive and social-emotional abilities in nine children and adolescents with multiple disabilities, opening the way to personalized care. |
| Protecting species for the good of global climate Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT Until now, measures to protect climate and biodiversity have often been developed in parallel. However, this is now considered outdated because many approaches can protect both climate and biodiversity. Scientists have now assessed the role of the potential future global biodiversity targets (Post-2020 Action Targets for 2030) for climate protection and found that about two thirds of these targets can also help to slow climate change. |
| Lipidomics provides new biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT Using lipidomics, a modern analytical method, researchers identified those lipids that are statistically associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In addition, the scientists found that a diet with an increased proportion of unsaturated fatty acids leads to a reduction in risk-associated lipids and an increase in low-risk lipids. |
| Speed thrills but kills: Major highway in India of particular concern to reptiles and amphibians Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT The National Highway 715, which passes through the Kaziranga National Park in Northeast India, is notorious for its roadkill. With protected habitats on both sides of the road, many animals cross it on a daily basis to feed and breed. |
| Scientists identify chemical markers that may unlock future therapeutic uses of mRNA Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT Researchers set out to find new ways to artificially induce mRNA to respond in ways that could eventually lead to therapeutic outcomes, expanding on the success of the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines and opening up new possibilities across a host of possible genetic therapies. |
| Pathogens can hitch a ride on plastic to reach the sea Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT Microplastics are a pathway for pathogens on land to reach the ocean, with likely consequences for human and wildlife health, according to a new study. This study connects microplastic pollution in the ocean with land-based, diseases-carrying pathogens. The study, published April 26 in the journal Scientific Reports, is the first to connect microplastics in the ocean with land-based pathogens |
| Learning chemical networks give life a chiral twist Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT A study shows that the preference of biological molecules for left or right-handedness -- a hallmark of living matter -- could emerge spontaneously as prebiotic chemical networks adapt to optimize energy harvesting. The proposed mechanism of symmetry breaking is general and can apply to other transitions in living matter that lead to increased complexity. |
| When it comes to preventing Alzheimer's, women respond better than men Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:16 AM PDT A study is the first to examine if sex significantly affects cognitive outcomes in people who follow individually-tailored, multi-domain clinical interventions. The study also determined whether change in risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), along with blood markers of AD risk, also were affected by sex. Results showed that while care in an Alzheimer's Prevention Clinic setting is equally effective at improving cognitive function in both women and men, the personally-tailored interventions used by the researchers led to greater improvements in women compared to men across AD and CVD disease risk scales, as well blood biomarkers of risk such as blood sugar, LDL cholesterol, and the diabetes test HbA1C. Findings are important because women are disproportionately affected by AD and population-attributable risk models suggest that managing risk factors can prevent up to one-third of dementia cases. |
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