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| Crystal clear: Lepidopterans have many ways of being transparent Posted: 12 Jul 2021 03:33 PM PDT Breakthrough article reveals multiple mechanisms for wing transparency in butterflies and moths; shows that wing transparency has evolved multiple times in lepidopterans. |
| Shape-memory alloys might help airplanes land without a peep Posted: 12 Jul 2021 03:33 PM PDT Having a home near a busy airport certainly has its perks. It is close to many establishments and alleviates the problem of wading through endless traffic to catch flights. But it does come at a cost -- tolerating the jarring sounds of commercial airplanes during landing and takeoff. Researchers have now conducted a computational study that validates using a shape-memory alloy to reduce the unpleasant plane noise produced during landing. |
| Posted: 12 Jul 2021 03:33 PM PDT Researchers have developed a new way to control and shape optical singularities. The technique can be used to engineer singularities of many shapes, far beyond simple curved or straight lines. It could be used for a wide range of applications from super resolution imaging to optical trapping. |
| Neutron-clustering effect in nuclear reactors demonstrated Posted: 12 Jul 2021 03:33 PM PDT The long-theorized neutron-clustering effect in nuclear reactors has been demonstrated, which could improve reactor safety and create more accurate simulations, according to a new study. |
| Discovery of 10 faces of plasma leads to new insights in fusion and plasma science Posted: 12 Jul 2021 03:33 PM PDT Scientists uncover new properties of plasma that have wide potential applications for astrophysical and fusion plasmas. |
| Trace gas phosphine points to volcanic activity on Venus, scientists say Posted: 12 Jul 2021 12:19 PM PDT Last autumn, researchers reported finding the gas phosphine in trace amounts in Venus' upper atmosphere, raising the slim possibility of a biological signature. Now scientists say that the phosphine's chemical fingerprints support a different find: evidence of explosive volcanoes. |
| Magnetic field from MRI affects focused-ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier Posted: 12 Jul 2021 12:03 PM PDT Researchers have found that the magnetic field of the MRI scanner decreased the BBB opening volume by 3.3-fold to 11.7-fold, depending on the strength of the magnetic field, in a mouse model. |
| New technique reduces nicotine levels, harmful compounds simultaneously in tobacco Posted: 12 Jul 2021 10:12 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new technique that can alter plant metabolism. Tested in tobacco plants, the technique showed that it could reduce harmful chemical compounds, including some that are carcinogenic. The findings could be used to improve the health benefits of crops. |
| Mapping extreme snowmelt and its potential dangers Posted: 12 Jul 2021 10:12 AM PDT Rapid snowmelt can be dangerous, and understanding its drivers is important for understanding the world under the influence of climate change. |
| A redundant modular network supports proper brain communication Posted: 12 Jul 2021 10:01 AM PDT In a mouse model, brain regions involved in working memory present a modular network organization that is critical for persistent neural activity. |
| The Equalizer: An engineered circuit for uniform gene expression Posted: 12 Jul 2021 10:01 AM PDT Researchers deloped a new genetic circuit called the Equalizer that leads to uniform gene expression. |
| Artificial intelligence could be new blueprint for precision drug discovery Posted: 12 Jul 2021 10:01 AM PDT Researchers have described a new approach that uses machine learning to hunt for disease targets and then predicts whether a drug is likely to receive FDA approval. |
| MaxDIA: Taking proteomics to the next level Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:22 AM PDT A new software improves data-independent acquisition proteomics by providing a computational workflow that permits highly sensitive and accurate data analysis. |
| Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:22 AM PDT The transportation sector is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, and a lot of attention has been devoted to electric passenger vehicles and their potential to help reduce those emissions. |
| Novel screening approach improves diagnosis of metabolic disorders in newborns Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:22 AM PDT A screening method known as untargeted metabolomics profiling can improve the diagnostic rate for inborn errors of metabolism, a group of rare genetic conditions, by about seven-fold when compared to the traditional metabolic screening approach. |
| Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:22 AM PDT The sharp eyes of an eagle, the extraordinary hearing of an owl - to successfully find food, the eyes and ears of birds have adapted optimally to their living conditions. Until now, the sense of smell has played a rather subordinate role. When meadows are freshly mowed, storks often appear there to search for snails and frogs. Researchers have now studied the birds' behavior and discovered that the storks are attracted by the smell of the mown grass. Only storks that were downwind and could thus perceive the smell reacted to the mowing. The scientists also sprayed a meadow with a spray of green leaf scents released during mowing. Storks appeared here as well. This shows that white storks use their sense of smell to forage and suggests that the sense of smell may also play a greater role in other birds than previously thought. |
| You can snuggle wolf pups all you want, they still won't 'get' you quite like your dog Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:22 AM PDT You know your dog gets your gist when you point and say 'go find the ball' and he scampers right to it. This knack for understanding human gestures may seem unremarkable, but it's a complex cognitive ability that is rare in the animal kingdom. New research comparing dog puppies to human-reared wolf pups offers some clues to how dogs' unusual people-reading skills came to be. |
| Teardrop star reveals hidden supernova doom Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:22 AM PDT Astronomers have made the rare sighting of two stars spiralling to their doom by spotting the tell-tale signs of a teardrop-shaped star. |
| 'Clock' created to predict immunological health and chronic diseases of aging Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT Researchers have created an inflammatory clock of aging (iAge) which measures inflammatory load and predicts multi-morbidity, frailty, immune health, cardiovascular aging and is also associated with exceptional longevity in centenarians. |
| Coastal ecosystems worldwide: Billion-dollar carbon reservoirs Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT Australia's coastal ecosystems alone save the rest of the world costs of around 23 billion US dollar a year by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. Coastal ecosystems such as seagrass meadows, salt marshes and mangrove forests make an important contribution to mitigating climate change. |
| Haziness of exoplanet atmospheres depends on properties of aerosol particles Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT Many exoplanets have opaque atmospheres, obscured by clouds or hazes that make it hard for astronomers to characterize their chemical compositions. A new study shows that haze particles produced under different conditions have a wide range of properties that can determine how clear or hazy a planet's atmosphere is likely to be. |
| A fermented-food diet increases microbiome diversity and lowers inflammation, study finds Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT A diet rich in fermented foods enhances the diversity of gut microbes and decreases molecular signs of inflammation, according to researchers. |
| Technology that restores the sense of touch in nerves damaged as a result of injury Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT Researchers have developed a sensor that can be implanted anywhere in the body -- for example, under the tip of a severed finger. The sensor connects to another nerve that functions properly and restores tactile sensation to the injured nerve. The development is biocompatible and does not require electricity, wires, or batteries. |
| Ecologists develop a novel forensic tool for detecting laundering of critically endangered cockatoos Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT Ecologists have applied stable isotope techniques to determine whether birds in the pet trade are captive or wild-caught, a key piece of evidence required in many cases to determine whether a trade is legal or not. They have applied this technique to the yellow-crested cockatoo, a critically endangered species from Indonesia/Timor-Leste with a global population of fewer than 2,500. |
| Let crop residues rot in the field -- it's a climate win Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT Plant material that lies to rot in soil isn't just valuable as compost. In fact, agricultural crop residue plays a crucial role in sequestering carbon, which is vital for reducing global CO2 emissions. |
| Human environmental genome recovered in the absence of skeletal remains Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT Ancient sediments from caves have already proven to preserve DNA for thousands of years. The amount of recovered sequences from environmental sediments, however, is generally low, which complicates analyses. A study has now successfully retrieved three mammalian environmental genomes from a single soil sample of 25,000 years BP obtained from the cave of Satsurblia in the Caucasus (Georgia). |
| How the universe is reflected near black holes Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT In the vicinity of black holes, space is so warped that even light rays may curve around them several times. This phenomenon may enable us to see multiple versions of the same thing. While this has been known for decades, only now do we have an exact, mathematical expression. |
| Mathematicians develop ground-breaking modeling toolkit to predict local COVID-19 impact Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT Mathematicians have created a new modeling toolkit which predicts the impact of COVID-19 at a local level with unprecedented accuracy. |
| Rise in Southeast Asia forest clearance increasing greenhouse gases Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT Forest clearance in Southeast Asia is accelerating, leading to unprecedented increases in carbon emissions, according to new research. The findings show that forests are being cut down at increasingly higher altitudes and on steeper slopes in order to make way for agricultural intensification. |
| Preferred life expectancy and its association with hypothetical adverse life scenarios Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT A new study sheds light on how the specter of dementia and chronic pain reduce people's desire to live into older ages. Among Norwegians 60 years of age and older the desire to live into advanced ages was significantly reduced by hypothetical adverse life scenarios with the strongest effect caused by dementia and chronic pain. |
| Sea-level rise may worsen existing San Francisco Bay Area inequities Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT Researchers examined the number of households unable to pay for damages from coastal flooding to reveal how sea-level rise could threaten the fabric of Bay Area communities over the next 40 years. |
| People given 'friendly' bacteria in nose drops protected against meningitis, study suggests Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT A recent trial has shown that nose drops of modified 'friendly' bacteria may protect against meningitis. |
| Sensing 'junk' RNA after chemotherapy enhances blood regeneration Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:21 AM PDT Scientists reveal that during hematopoietic regeneration, RNA expressed from a part of the genome considered 'junk DNA' is used by hematopoietic stem cells to get activated and proliferate. The study shows that these so-called transposable elements make RNA after chemotherapy and activate an immune receptor which induces inflammatory signals enhancing hematopoietic stem cell cycling and thus participating in the regeneration of the hematopoietic system. |
| Training helps teachers anticipate how students with learning disabilities might solve problems Posted: 12 Jul 2021 09:20 AM PDT Researchers found that a four-week training course made a substantial difference in helping special education teachers anticipate different ways students with learning disabilities might solve math problems. |
| Every spot of green space counts Posted: 12 Jul 2021 07:22 AM PDT An international study of parks and gardens finds even the humble roadside verge plays an important role in the environment and for our health. |
| Reviewing pressure effects on iron-based high-temperature superconductors Posted: 12 Jul 2021 07:22 AM PDT A new study reviews progress on high-pressure studies on properties of iron-based superconductor (ISBC) families, and examines the use of pressure as a versatile method for exploring new materials. |
| Remarkable new insights into the pathology of Usher syndrome Posted: 12 Jul 2021 07:22 AM PDT Human Usher syndrome is the most common form of hereditary deaf-blindness. Researchers have now identified a novel pathomechanism leading to Usher syndrome. They have discovered that the Usher syndrome type 1G protein SANS plays a crucial role in regulating splicing process. Furthermore, they have been able to demonstrate that defects in the SANS protein can lead to errors in the splicing of genes related to the Usher syndrome, which may provoke the disease. |
| Giving a 'tandem' boost to solar-powered water splitting Posted: 12 Jul 2021 07:22 AM PDT Scientists combine two promising photocatalysts to obtain higher solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency and durability in a water splitting cell. |
| A step toward advancing precision hormone therapies to reduce Alzheimer's risk Posted: 12 Jul 2021 06:22 AM PDT When it comes to post-menopausal hormone therapy, the type, route and duration all play a role in reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. |
| Innovative gene therapy 'reprograms' cells to reverse neurological deficiencies Posted: 12 Jul 2021 06:22 AM PDT A novel method of gene therapy is helping children born with a rare genetic disorder called AADC deficiency that causes severe physical and developmental disabilities. The study offers new hope to those living with incurable genetic and neurodegenerative diseases. |
| New electronic paper displays brilliant colors Posted: 12 Jul 2021 06:22 AM PDT Imagine sitting out in the sun, reading a digital screen as thin as paper, but seeing the same image quality as if you were indoors. It could soon be a reality. A new type of reflective screen - sometimes described as 'electronic paper' - offers optimal color display, while using ambient light to keep energy consumption to a minimum. |
| Scientists blueprint bacterial enzyme believed to 'stealthily' suppress immune response Posted: 12 Jul 2021 06:22 AM PDT Scientists have produced the first fine-detail molecular blueprints of a bacterial enzyme known as Lit, which is suspected to play a 'stealthy' role in the progression of infection by reducing the immune response. Blueprints such as these allow drug designers to uncover potential weaknesses in bacterial arsenals as they seek to develop new therapeutics that may help us win the war against antibiotic resistance. |
| A Trojan horse could help get drugs past our brain's tough border patrol Posted: 12 Jul 2021 06:22 AM PDT The blood-brain barrier protects the brain and is notoriously hard to get past for drug delivery, making it difficult to treat disorders in the central nervous system. In a mice study, a team of researchers used a novel approach to study the barrier and in detail characterized a Trojan horse technique to help to solve the challenge. |
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