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| Why scientists want to solve an underground mystery about where microbes live Posted: 04 Jun 2021 06:35 PM PDT A team of biologists revealed, for the first time, that it is possible to accurately predict the abundance of different species of soil microbes in different parts of the world. |
| Beyond synthetic biology, synthetic ecology boosts health by engineering the environment Posted: 04 Jun 2021 06:35 PM PDT Researchers discovered that providing microbial communities with a broader variety of food sources didn't increase the variety of microbial species within their experiments, but more food did fuel more microbial growth. The team's ultimate goal is to learn how to direct microbiome behavior through environmental molecules like food sources. |
| Fungus creates a fast track for carbon Posted: 04 Jun 2021 06:35 PM PDT New research focused on interactions among microbes in water suggests fungal microparasites play a bigger than expected role in aquatic food webs and the global carbon cycle. |
| Magnetism drives metals to insulators in new experiment Posted: 04 Jun 2021 06:35 PM PDT A new experiment offers the cleanest proof yet for magnetism-driven transitions of metals to insulators. |
| New form of silicon could enable next-gen electronic and energy devices Posted: 04 Jun 2021 06:35 PM PDT A team developed a new method for synthesizing a novel crystalline form of silicon with a hexagonal structure that could potentially be used to create next-generation electronic and energy devices with enhanced properties that exceed those of the 'normal' cubic form of silicon used today. |
| Bacteria are connected to how babies experience fear Posted: 04 Jun 2021 10:54 AM PDT Why do some babies react to perceived danger more than others? According to new research part of the answer may be found in a surprising place: an infant's digestive system. |
| Food scientists aim to make plant-based protein tastier and healthier Posted: 04 Jun 2021 10:54 AM PDT As meat-eating continues to increase around the world, food scientists are focusing on ways to create healthier, better-tasting and more sustainable plant-based protein products that mimic meat, fish, milk, cheese and eggs. |
| Adapting laboratory techniques for remote instruction Posted: 04 Jun 2021 10:54 AM PDT Researchers designed a laboratory exercise to teach students how to use micropipettes, through remote learning, using at-home kits. |
| An atom chip interferometer that could detect quantum gravity Posted: 04 Jun 2021 10:54 AM PDT Physicists have created a quantum interferometer on an atom chip. This device can be used to explore the fundamentals of quantum theory by studying the interference pattern between two beams of atoms. Physicists describe how the device could be adapted to use mesoscopic particles instead of atoms. This modification would allow for expanded applications. |
| Genomics-informed decisions can help save species from extinction Posted: 04 Jun 2021 10:54 AM PDT Researchers have shown that harmful mutations present in the DNA play an important - yet neglected - role in the conservation and translocation programs of threatened species. |
| Using HPC and experiment, researchers continue to refine graphene production Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:27 AM PDT From touch screens and advanced electronic sensors to better drug delivery devices, graphene has become one of the most promising new materials in recent decades. In an effort to produce cheap, defect-free graphene in larger quantities, researchers have been using GCS HPC resources to develop more efficient methods for producing graphene at the industrial scale. |
| Heavy water makes biological clocks tick more slowly Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:27 AM PDT Scientists have succeeded in reversibly slowing down cellular processes. A team of biophysicists were able to show in experiments that cells can be transferred into slow motion without changing the temperature. From a physical point of view, such possibilities have so far only been available in the context of the theory of relativity. |
| Self-excising designer proteins report isoform expression Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:27 AM PDT Our proteome is much bigger than our genome because one gene produces several variants of proteins called protein isoforms, whose disbalance is implicated in many diseases. A new bioengineered reporter system now allows for the first time to follow protein isoform expression over time in live cells. The method helps to decipher the underlying regulatory mechanisms and enables screening for potential molecular interventions. |
| Plant competition during climate change Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:27 AM PDT Researchers show how extreme drought and plant invasion impact ecosystems in the Mediterranean region. |
| A missing antibody molecule may indicate when dengue will become deadly Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:27 AM PDT The antibody's altered structure helps explain an enduring mystery of dengue -- why only a fraction of those infected will develop severe disease. |
| New findings offer improved therapy of early-stage, BRCA mutation-associated breast cancer Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:27 AM PDT A new treatment has potential to improve the outcomes for patients with hereditary BRCA mutations and high-risk, early-stage breast cancer. These results represent the first time a PARP inhibitor has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer returning in high-risk patients following completion of standard chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. |
| Salt marshes trap microplastics in their sediments, creating record of human plastic use Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:25 AM PDT Scientists report that microplastics have been accumulating in salt marshes for decades, creating a historical record of human plastic waste. |
| A new water treatment technology could also help Mars explorers Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:25 AM PDT A team created a catalyst from molybdenum fertilizer that reduces >99.9% of perchlorate in water and could be used to clean soil on Mars and make oxygen for human explorers. |
| What we know about water may have just changed dramatically Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:25 AM PDT New research shows that when water comes into contact with an electrode surface all its molecules do not respond in the same way. This can dramatically affect how well various substances can dissolve in water subject to an electrical field, which in turn, can determine how a chemical reaction will occur. And chemical reactions are a necessary component in how we make...everything. The implications of this new revelation could have a remarkable impact on all water-related processes from water purification to drug manufacturing. |
| Did heat from impacts on asteroids provide the ingredients for life on Earth? Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:25 AM PDT A research group has demonstrated that the heat generated by the impact of a small astronomical body could enable aqueous alteration and organic solid formation to occur on the surface of an asteroid. These results have significantly increased the number of prospective astronomical bodies that could have brought water and the origins of life to Earth. |
| Giving brown fat a boost to fight type 2 diabetes Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:24 AM PDT Increasing a protein concentrated in brown fat appears to lower blood sugar, promote insulin sensitivity, and protect against fatty liver disease by remodeling white fat to a healthier state, a new study suggests. The finding could eventually lead to new solutions for patients with diabetes and related conditions. |
| Corals tell Arabian Sea story of global warming Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:24 AM PDT Coral insights into 1,000 years of seasonal changes in the Arabian Sea warn of significant impacts caused by global warming. |
| MLB 'FEVER' -- improved elbow MRI view for Major League Baseball pitchers Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:24 AM PDT According to a pilot study, the flexed elbow valgus external rotation (FEVER) view can improve MRI evaluation of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) in Major League Baseball pitchers. The increased joint space width confirms elbow valgus stress with FEVER view. Diagnostic confidence increased, and additional UCLs were identified as abnormal. |
| Ten-fold increase in carbon offset cost predicted Posted: 04 Jun 2021 09:24 AM PDT The cost of offsetting corporate carbon emissions needs to increase ten-fold to drive meaningful climate action, says a landmark report. |
| Arctic sea ice thinning faster than expected Posted: 03 Jun 2021 05:10 PM PDT Sea ice thickness is inferred by measuring the height of the ice above the water, and this measurement is distorted by snow weighing the ice floe down. Scientists adjust for this using a map of snow depth in the Arctic that is decades out of date. In the new study, researchers swapped this map for the results of a new computer model designed to estimate snow depth as it varies year to year. |
| 70-year-old coffee-killing fungus brought back to life to fight the disease Posted: 03 Jun 2021 05:10 PM PDT Researchers have re-animated specimens of a fungus that causes coffee wilt to discover how the disease evolved and how its spread can be prevented. |
| Novel antibody drug wakes up the body's defense system in advanced-stage cancer Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:13 PM PDT Researchers have shown that the antibody treatment reactivates the immune defense in patients with advanced-stage cancer. The treatment alters the function of the body's phagocytes and facilitates extensive activation of the immune system. |
| Protect the sea, neglect the people? Social impact of marine conservation schemes revealed Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:13 PM PDT Governments and international organizations are expanding targets to conserve marine spaces to stem the depletion of biodiversity and fish stocks around the globe. A new study demonstrates the wide range of unintended impacts that such conservation efforts have on affected communities. Published today in World Development, the research presents a ground-breaking case study of the Cambodian Koh Sdach Archipelago combined with a cross-country statistical analysis of the impacts of marine conservation across Southeast Asian communities. |
| Is elevated level of lung protein an early predictor for COPD? Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:13 PM PDT Researcher had previously discovered that the total mucin concentrations in the lungs are associated with COPD disease progression and could be used as diagnostic markers of chronic bronchitis, a hallmark condition for patients with COPD. They now report that one of these mucins, MUC5AC, is more closely and reliably associated with the development of COPD than is its brother, MUC5B. |
| New study further advances the treatment of chronic pain Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:13 PM PDT Scientists have demonstrated that conolidine, a natural painkiller derived from the pinwheel flower and traditionally used in Chinese medicine, interacts with the newly identified opioid receptor ACKR3/CXCR7 that regulates opioid peptides naturally produced in the brain. The researchers also developed a synthetic analogue of conolidine, RTI-5152-12, which displays an even greater activity on the receptor. |
| Let's talk about the elephant in the data Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT Many data scientists try to create models that can 'fit an elephant,' referring to a complex set of data points. While the role of strong prior knowledge can work well in some situations, the complete absence of prior assumptions will work adequately in others. One expert discusses a middle ground that incorporates a little bit of both points of view. |
| Which way does the solar wind blow? Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT High performance computers are central to the quest to understand the sun's behavior and its role in space weather events. Scientists are using the Frontera supercomputer to improve the state-of-the-art in space weather forecasting. Researchers described the role of backstreaming pickup ions in the acceleration of charged particles in the universe, which play an important role in space weather. |
| Black bears may play important role in protecting gray fox Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT Bears are known for being devoted and protective of their baby cubs, but research shows that they may also play a significant role in shielding gray fox from predators like coyotes, who compete with the fox for food and space. The research is one of the first studies to show how black bears provide a buffer to allow other, smaller carnivores to safely co-exist. |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT The number of data-transmitting microdevices, for instance in packaging and transport logistics, will increase sharply in the coming years. All these devices need energy, but the amount of batteries would have a major impact on the environment. Empa researchers have developed a biodegradable mini-capacitor that can solve the problem. It consists of carbon, cellulose, glycerin and table salt. And it works reliably. |
| Are wind farms slowing each other down? Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT Many countries promote the expansion of wind farms. However, if these offshore wind farms are set up close to each other, wind energy and hence electricity yield is reduced. A study shows that the losses with increasing offshore wind energy production will be considerable and detectable as large scale pattern of reduced wind speed around wind farms. |
| Nanoscale sensors measure elusive water levels in leaves Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT A breakthrough technology uses nanoscale sensors and fiber optics to measure water status just inside a leaf's surface, providing a tool to greatly advance our understanding of basic plant biology, and opening the door for breeding more drought-resistant crops. |
| Age doesn't affect perception of 'speech-to-song illusion' Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT Researchers examined if the speech-to-song illusion happens in adults who are 55 or older as powerfully as it does with younger people. |
| Researchers reveal the inner workings of a viral DNA-packaging motor Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT Researchers have discovered the detailed inner workings of the molecular motor that packages genetic material into double-stranded DNA viruses. The advance provides insight into a critical step in the reproduction cycle of viruses such as pox-, herpes- and adeno-viruses. It could also give inspiration to researchers creating microscopic machines based on naturally occurring biomotors. |
| A better way to introduce digital tech in the workplace Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT After a detailed study of digital technology in a hospital, researchers find that experimenting with the technology, and then working to implement the best practices through coordinated governance, can help organizations better integrate technology in the workplace. |
| Life stage differences shield ecological communities from collapse Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT A new study by ecologists shows that differences between juveniles and adults of the same species are crucial for the stability of complex ecological communities. The research represents a major advance in ecological modeling at a time when biodiversity is declining and species around the world are rapidly going extinct. |
| Linked faults under Salt Lake City may elevate risk of building damage Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT A complex zone of folding and faulting that links two faults underneath downtown Salt Lake City could deform the ground during a large earthquake, according to a new study. |
| CO2 emissions are rebounding, but clean energy revolutions are emerging Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT According to a new article there are encouraging signs in emerging clean energy technology 'niches' -- countries, states or corporations -- that are pioneering decarbonization. |
| Shoot better drone videos with a single word Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT Researchers developed a model that enables a drone to shoot a video based on a desired emotion or viewer reaction. The drone uses camera angles, speeds and flight paths to generate a video that could be exciting, calm, enjoyable or nerve-wracking -- depending on what the filmmaker tells it. |
| Researchers design simulation tool to predict disease, pest spread Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT Researchers have developed a computer simulation tool to predict when and where pests and diseases will attack crops or forests, and also test when to apply pesticides or other management strategies to contain them. |
| Scientists discover function of microbes living in oysters Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT Scientists have taken the first steps toward understanding the function of microbes that live on and in Eastern oysters, which may have implications for oyster health and the management of oyster reefs and aquaculture facilities. |
| Scientists discover new approach to stabilize cathode materials Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:12 PM PDT Chemists have studied an elusive property in cathode materials, called a valence gradient, to understand its effect on battery performance. The findings demonstrated that the valence gradient can serve as a new approach for stabilizing the structure of high-nickel-content cathodes against degradation and safety issues. |
| New algorithm for modern quilting Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:11 PM PDT When it comes to the art of quilting, determining the feasibility and order of steps in advanced patterns can be notoriously complicated - and frustrating. By automating that process, a new algorithm enables quilters to focus on design and creation. |
| Cultural, belief system data can inform gray wolf recovery efforts in US Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:11 PM PDT The study reveals that Colorado's social environment is far more conducive to wolf recovery than states like Montana and Idaho, which currently have state legislative efforts to reduce wolf populations. |
| Cells reprogrammed to make synthetic polymers; also making them resistant to viruses Posted: 03 Jun 2021 02:11 PM PDT Scientists have developed the first cells that can construct artificial polymers from building blocks that are not found in nature, by following instructions the researchers encoded in their genes. The study also found the synthetic genome made the bacteria entirely resistant to infection by viruses. |
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