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Smart sleepwear: Introducing 'phyjama,' a physiological-sensing pajama Posted: 12 Sep 2019 01:25 PM PDT Scientists expect that in the future, electronically active garments containing unobtrusive, portable devices for monitoring heart rate and respiratory rhythm during sleep, for example, will prove clinically useful in health care. Now researchers have developed physiological-sensing textiles that can be woven or stitched into sleep garments they have dubbed 'phyjamas.' |
Newly discovered comet is likely interstellar visitor Posted: 12 Sep 2019 01:14 PM PDT A newly discovered comet has excited the astronomical community this week because it appears to have originated from outside the solar system. The official confirmation that comet C/2019 Q4 is an interstellar comet has not yet been made, but if it is interstellar, it would be only the second such object detected. |
How breast cancer uses exosomes to metastasize to the brain Posted: 12 Sep 2019 12:34 PM PDT In breast cancer, metastases to the brain often spell a death sentence; many women survive for less than a year after diagnosis. A new study reveals how the cancer is able to cross the blood-brain-barrier: by sending out exosomes that hijack the natural cell process of transcytosis, tricking the cells in the BBB into taking them up. The researchers now hope to identify therapeutic targets that could stop brain metastases from happening. |
Molecular biologists reveal new insights into tumor progression Posted: 12 Sep 2019 11:18 AM PDT A research team has identified a new circular RNA (ribonucleic acid) that increases tumor activity in soft tissue and connective tissue tumors. It's a discovery that may help improve how cancer is identified and treated. |
Novel atomic clock design offers 'tweezer' control Posted: 12 Sep 2019 11:18 AM PDT Physicists have demonstrated a novel atomic clock design that combines near-continuous operation with strong signals and high stability, features not previously found together in a single type of next-generation atomic clock. The new clock, which uses laser 'tweezers' to trap, control and isolate the atoms, also offers unique possibilities for enhancing clock performance using the tricks of quantum physics. |
Cause of congenital nystagmus found Posted: 12 Sep 2019 11:18 AM PDT Researchers have overturned the long held view that congenital nystagmus, a condition where eyes make repetitive involuntary movements, is a brain disorder by showing that its cause is actually retinal. Deficits in just a few proteins involved in one of the retina's earliest light-signal processing steps result in the eye sending an erroneous movement signal to the brain rhythmically. |
Cells that make bone marrow also travel to the womb to help pregnancy Posted: 12 Sep 2019 11:17 AM PDT Bone marrow-derived cells play a role in changes to the mouse uterus before and during pregnancy, enabling implantation of the embryo and reducing pregnancy loss, according to new research. |
Newly discovered architecture of copper-nitrenoid complex could revolutionize chemical synthesis Posted: 12 Sep 2019 11:17 AM PDT For the first time, researchers have discovered exactly how a reactive copper-nitrene catalyst works, a finding that could revolutionize how chemical industries produce everything from pharmaceuticals to household goods. The team describes how the catalyst performs its magic and how to bottle the tool to break stubborn carbon-hydrogen bonds and make products like solvents, detergents, and dyes with less waste, energy, and cost. |
Gem-like nanoparticles of precious metals shine as catalysts Posted: 12 Sep 2019 11:17 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new method for making highly desirable catalysts from metal nanoparticles that could lead to better fuel cells, among other applications. The researchers also discovered the method can take spent catalysts and recycle them into active catalysts. Made mainly of precious metals, these coveted catalysts are shaped like gems. Each particle has 24 different faces that present atoms at the surface in ways that make them more catalytically active than those available commercially. |
Controversial insecticides shown to threaten survival of wild birds Posted: 12 Sep 2019 11:04 AM PDT New research shows how the world's most widely used insecticides could be partly responsible for dramatic declines in farmland bird populations. In the first experiment to track effects of a neonicotinoid pesticide on birds in the wild, the team found that white-crowned sparrows who consumed small doses of imidacloprid insecticide suffered weight loss and delays to their migration -- effects that could severely harm the birds' chances of surviving and reproducing. |
Why is Earth so biologically diverse? Mountains hold the answer Posted: 12 Sep 2019 11:04 AM PDT Life on Earth is amazingly diverse, and exhibits striking geographical global patterns in biodiversity. A pair of companion papers reveal that mountain regions -- especially those in the tropics -- are hotspots of extraordinary and baffling richness. Although mountain regions cover only 25% of Earth's land area, they are home to more than 85% of the world's species of amphibians, birds, and mammals, and many of these are found only in mountains. |
Simple model captures almost 100 years of measles dynamics in London Posted: 12 Sep 2019 11:04 AM PDT A simple epidemiological model accurately captures long-term measles transmission dynamics in London, including major perturbations triggered by historical events. |
How a carbon-fixing organelle forms via phase separation Posted: 12 Sep 2019 10:44 AM PDT Algae remove vast amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis thanks to an organelle called the pyrenoid, which boosts the efficiency of carbon-fixation. Researchers have known that the pyrenoid forms via a process of phase separation, the same process that causes oil to cluster into droplets in water. The new study looks deeper into how this happens. |
African American bachelor's degrees see growth, behind in physical sciences, engineering Posted: 12 Sep 2019 10:44 AM PDT African Americans are seeing growth in engineering and physical sciences but are not progressing at the same rate when compared to the general population. A report examined the number of bachelor's degrees earned from 2005 to 2015. |
Role of nuclear glycogen in non-small cell lung cancers Posted: 12 Sep 2019 10:43 AM PDT Researchers have made a breakthrough discovery that solves a mystery long forgotten by science and have identified a potentially novel avenue in pre-clinical models to treat non-small cell lung cancers. |
Elaborate Komodo dragon armor defends against other dragons Posted: 12 Sep 2019 10:43 AM PDT Just beneath their scales, Komodo dragons wear a suit of armor made of tiny bones. These bones cover the dragons from head to tail, creating a 'chain mail' that protects the giant predators. However, the armor raises a question: What does the world's largest lizard -- the dominant predator in its natural habitat -- need protection from? |
'Fire inversions' lock smoke in valleys Posted: 12 Sep 2019 10:43 AM PDT There's an atmospheric feedback loop, says an atmospheric scientist, that can lock smoke in valleys in much the same way that temperature inversions lock the smog and gunk in the Salt Lake Valley each winter. But understanding this loop can help scientists predict how smoke will impact air quality in valleys, hopefully helping both residents and firefighters alike. |
Why HIV patients are more likely to develop tuberculosis Posted: 12 Sep 2019 10:07 AM PDT Tuberculosis and HIV -- two of the world's deadliest infectious diseases -- are far worse when they occur together. Now researchers have pinpointed an important mechanism at work in this troubling health problem. And, their discovery could lead to a new mode of treatment for people at risk. |
Semiconducting material more affected by defects than previously thought Posted: 12 Sep 2019 10:07 AM PDT A promising semiconductor material, halide perovskite, could be improved if flaws previously thought irrelevant to performance are reduced, according to new research. |
Epilepsy surgery: The earlier the better, overview study shows Posted: 12 Sep 2019 10:07 AM PDT A person with drug resistant epilepsy who gets an early surgical intervention has a better chance of becoming seizure free. This is shown in a systematic review and meta-analysis in which researchers analyzed results from a range of previous studies. They concluded that people with drug resistant epilepsy should, as early as possible, be referred for epilepsy surgery evaluation. |
Promising treatment for an incurable, deadly kidney disease Posted: 12 Sep 2019 10:06 AM PDT A potential treatment for polycystic kidney disease -- a genetic disorder that causes the kidneys to swell with multiple cysts and can eventually lead to organ failure -- has shown promising results in animal testing. |
Stem cell researchers reactivate 'back-up genes' in the lab Posted: 12 Sep 2019 10:06 AM PDT Scientists have unraveled parts of a mechanism that may one day help to treat Rett syndrome and other genetic disorders linked to the X chromosome. |
Innovative model created for NASA to predict vitamin levels in spaceflight food Posted: 12 Sep 2019 10:06 AM PDT Food scientists have developed a groundbreaking, user-friendly mathematical model for NASA to help ensure that astronauts' food remains rich in nutrients during extended missions in space. |
Researchers design a roadmap for hydrogen supply network Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:48 AM PDT Researchers have developed a hydrogen supply chain model that can enable the adoption of zero-emission, hydrogen-powered cars -- transforming them from a novelty into everyday transportation in just 30 years. |
A robot with a firm yet gentle grasp Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:48 AM PDT Human hands are skilled at manipulating a range of objects. We can pick up an egg or a strawberry without smashing it. We can hammer a nail. One characteristic that allows us to perform a variety of tasks is the ability to alter the firmness of our grip, and researchers have developed a two-fingered robotic hand that shares this trait. The goal? Improving safety in industrial settings where robots work with people. |
Metamaterials used to create two-part optical security features Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:48 AM PDT Researchers have developed advanced optical security features that use a two-piece metamaterial system to create a difficult-to-replicate optical phenomenon. The new security features could offer improved forgery protection for high-value products or banknotes and enhance encryption of information such as pin numbers that are physically sent to recipients. |
Charge change: How electric forces vary in colloids Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:48 AM PDT When calculating the electrokinetic force, the convention has been to assume that there is no relative velocity of the fluid compared to the surface, which holds true for hydrophilic surfaces. However, it needs to be reconsidered for hydrophobic surfaces. |
'Time-outs' at home not associated with long-term negative effects in children Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:48 AM PDT Researchers find no differences in emotional and behavioral health between kids whose parents reported using time-outs and those who didn't. |
Satellite study of Amazon rainforest land cover gives insight into 2019 fires Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:48 AM PDT A new study gives important context to the fires burning big swaths of the Amazon today. |
New drug target discovered for the lung disease PAH Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:16 AM PDT Study suggests that targeting an 'Eyes Absent' protein could lead to better medicine for treating PAH, a deadly lung disease. |
Conservation of a Central American region is critical for migrating birds Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:16 AM PDT A new article identifies a previously overlooked area that is critical for conservation: the region between southern Mexico and Guatemala where songbirds fuel up for a grueling flight across the Gulf of Mexico. |
Polysubstance use in young adults -- are there predictable patterns? Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:15 AM PDT Researchers offer their insights on the non-medical use of prescription drugs among US young adults, exploring patterns and drivers of young adults' non-medical use of prescription drugs -- including prescription sedatives, opioids, or stimulants -- and their association with substance use disorder symptoms at age 35. |
Why do birds migrate at night? Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:05 AM PDT Researchers found migratory birds maximize how much light they get from their environment, so they can migrate even at night. |
GymCam tracks exercises that wearable monitors can't Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:05 AM PDT Wearable sensors such as smartwatches have become a popular motivational tool for fitness enthusiasts, but gadgets do not sense all exercises equally. Researchers have found that a stationary camera is a better choice for gym exercises. |
Heterogeneity in the workplace: 'Diversity is very important to us -- but not in my team' Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:05 AM PDT Diversity in the workplace is highly sought in theory, but often still lacking in practice. A new study shows that people tend to favor diversity for others, but prefer to work with people who are as similar to themselves as possible. |
Saturn's rings shine in Hubble's latest portrait Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:05 AM PDT Saturn is so beautiful that astronomers cannot resist using the Hubble Space Telescope to take yearly snapshots of the ringed world when it is at its closest distance to Earth. These images, however, are more than just beauty shots. They reveal a planet with a turbulent, dynamic atmosphere. |
Scientists discover new breakthrough in cancer hair-loss treatment Posted: 12 Sep 2019 09:05 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a new strategy for how to protect hair follicles from chemotherapy, which could lead to new treatments that prevent chemotherapy-induced hair loss -- arguably one of the most psychologically distressing side effects of modern cancer therapy. |
The 'pathobiome' -- a new understanding of disease Posted: 12 Sep 2019 08:32 AM PDT Scientists have presented a novel concept describing the complex microbial interactions that lead to disease in plants, animals and humans. |
Diet impacts the sensitivity of gut microbiome to antibiotics, mouse study finds Posted: 12 Sep 2019 08:24 AM PDT Antibiotics change the kinds of bacteria in the mouse gut as well as the bacteria's metabolism -- but diet can exacerbate the changes, a new study showed. |
Exercising at home has a positive effect on Parkinson's patients Posted: 12 Sep 2019 08:24 AM PDT In a large double-blind study, researchers show that patients in the early stages of Parkinson's disease can exercise regularly at home for 6 months. This regular exercise has a positive effect on their motor disability comparable to the effect of conventional Parkinson's medication. |
What multilingual nuns can tell us about dementia Posted: 12 Sep 2019 08:24 AM PDT A strong ability in languages may help reduce the risk of developing dementia, says a new study. The research examined the health outcomes of 325 Roman Catholic nuns who were members of the Sisters of Notre Dame in the United States. The data was drawn from a larger, internationally recognized study examining the Sisters, known as the Nun Study. |
Four billion particles of microplastics discovered in major body of water Posted: 12 Sep 2019 08:18 AM PDT While collecting water samples and plankton, researchers discovered a high concentration of microplastics, which are known to disrupt the marine food chain. |
Shifting attention can interfere with our perceptions of reality Posted: 12 Sep 2019 08:18 AM PDT A new study suggests that distractions -- those pesky interruptions that pull us away from our goals -- might change our perception of what's real, making us believe we saw something different from what we actually saw. Even more troubling, the study suggests people might not realize their perception has changed - to the contrary, they might feel great confidence in what they think they saw. |
Repeated periods of poverty accelerate the aging process Posted: 12 Sep 2019 08:18 AM PDT People who have found themselves below the relative poverty threshold four or more times in their adult life age significantly earlier than others. |
How marketers can shape customer sentiment during events Posted: 12 Sep 2019 08:10 AM PDT Marketers' ability to influence user-generated content surrounding customers' brand or firm-related interactions, and its sentiment in particular, may be an un-tapped use of social media in marketing. |
Bone, not adrenaline, drives fight or flight response Posted: 12 Sep 2019 08:10 AM PDT Adrenaline is considered crucial in triggering a 'fight or flight' response, but new research shows the response can't get started without a hormone made in bone. |
Device generates light from the cold night sky Posted: 12 Sep 2019 08:10 AM PDT An inexpensive thermoelectric device harnesses the cold of space without active heat input, generating electricity that powers an LED at night, researchers report. |
Researchers produce synthetic Hall Effect to achieve one-way radio transmission Posted: 12 Sep 2019 08:10 AM PDT Researchers have replicated one of the most well-known electromagnetic effects in physics, the Hall Effect, using radio waves (photons) instead of electric current (electrons). Their technique could be used to create advanced communication systems that boost signal transmission in one direction while simultaneously absorbing signals going in the opposite direction. |
Ultra-thin optical elements directly measure polarization Posted: 12 Sep 2019 07:10 AM PDT For the first time, researchers have used ultra-thin layers of 2D structures known as metasurfaces to create holograms that can measure the polarization of light. The new metasurface holograms could be used to create very fast and compact devices for polarization measurements, which are used in spectroscopy, sensing and communications applications. |
Patients diagnosed with cancer after skipping appointment more likely to die within a year Posted: 12 Sep 2019 07:09 AM PDT Cancer patients who miss an urgent referral appointment for their symptoms are 12% more likely to die within 12 months of diagnosis, a major new study has found. The authors of the study say that more support is needed for patients at risk of non-attendance. |
Microbes are degrading infrastructure, compounding health implications Posted: 12 Sep 2019 07:09 AM PDT Microorganisms growing inside aging buildings and infrastructure are more than just a health issue, according to new research. The research examined the impact of fungal mold growth and associated microbes within structures on a university campus. The study focuses on the observed biodeteriorative capabilities of indoor fungi upon gypsum board material (drywall) and how it affects a building's age and room functionality. |
Humans more unique than expected when it comes to digesting fatty meals Posted: 12 Sep 2019 07:09 AM PDT People have very individualized inflammatory responses to eating a high-fat meal. These were the unexpected results of a study. They looked at the inflammatory reactions of volunteers at 0, three and six hours after eating a standardized meal containing 38% fat and their responses were completely unique. Like snowflakes, no two were exactly the same. |
Drinking tea improves brain health, study suggests Posted: 12 Sep 2019 07:09 AM PDT A recent study revealed that regular tea drinkers have better organized brain regions compared to non-tea drinkers. |
Routine sparring in boxing can affect brain performance Posted: 12 Sep 2019 07:09 AM PDT Routine sparring in boxing can cause short-term impairments in brain-to-muscle communication and decreased memory performance, according to new research. |
Machine learning improves the diagnosis of patients with head and neck cancers Posted: 12 Sep 2019 07:09 AM PDT Researchers have successfully solved a longstanding problem in the diagnosis of head and neck cancers. The researchers used artificial intelligence to develop a new classification method which identifies the primary origins of cancerous tissue based on chemical DNA changes. The potential for introduction into routine medical practice is currently being tested. |
Sulphur emissions from marine algae dropped during glacial periods Posted: 12 Sep 2019 07:09 AM PDT Contrary to conventional wisdom, sulphur production by tiny marine algae decreased during glacial periods, and is more closely linked to climate than previously thought, according to latest research. A clearer understanding of the link between the climate and marine phytoplankton can help scientists incorporate these impacts in future climate models. |
How astrocytes help the brain process information Posted: 12 Sep 2019 07:09 AM PDT New research reveals that noradrenaline plays a key role in how astrocytes -- star-shaped cells in the brain closely associated with neurons -- track distinct information during behavior. The researchers found that astrocytes can integrate information on arousal state and sensory experience. |
Growing citrus disease bacteria in the lab Posted: 12 Sep 2019 06:47 AM PDT Being able to grow the elusive and poorly understood bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), will make it easier for researchers to find treatments for the disease that has destroyed millions of acres of orange, grapefruit and lemon groves around the world and has devastated the citrus industry in Florida. |
Terahertz waves reveal hidden processes in ultrafast artificial photosynthesis Posted: 12 Sep 2019 06:47 AM PDT Researchers have succeeded in observing charge transfer and intermolecular interactions in ultrafast artificial photosynthesis. A new finding will help to develop highly efficient photocatalytic reactions, and TR-ATR terahertz spectroscopy will assist research on biological and chemical reaction processes. |
Chemical reaction method for more efficient drug production Posted: 12 Sep 2019 06:47 AM PDT Researchers have developed a more efficient method to produce the building blocks needed for antibiotics and cancer treatment drugs. |
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