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ScienceDaily: Earth & Climate News |
| Tipping point in Humboldt Current off Peru leads to species shift Posted: 07 Jan 2022 09:14 AM PST Fundamental changes in the ocean, such as warming, acidification or oxygen depletion, may have significant consequences for the composition of fish stocks, including the displacement of individual species. Researchers have reconstructed environmental conditions of the warm period 125,000 years ago (Eemian interglacial) using sediment samples from the Humboldt Current System off Peru. They were able to show that, at warmer temperatures, mainly smaller, goby-like fish species became dominant and pushed back important food fish such as the anchovy (Engraulis ringens). The trend is independent of fishing pressure and fisheries management. |
| Posted: 07 Jan 2022 05:44 AM PST Egg white is one of the most important protein ingredients for the food industry. The first assessment of the environmental impact of egg white protein -- ovalbumin -- production by fungus Trichoderma reesei shows that the ovalbumin produced by precision fermentation reduced land use requirements by almost 90 per cent and greenhouse gases by 31--55 per cent compared to the production of its chicken-based counterpart. |
| Chemical reactions enhance efficiency of key energy storage method Posted: 06 Jan 2022 11:37 AM PST Researchers have uncovered a way to improve the efficiency of a type of grid-scale storage crucial for a global transition toward renewable energy. |
| Microbes produce oxygen in the dark Posted: 06 Jan 2022 11:36 AM PST It is common knowledge that there would be no oxygen on Earth were it not for sunlight; the key component in photosynthesis. Now researchers have made the surprising discovery that oxygen is also produced without sunlight, possibly deep below the ocean surface. |
| Zoo air contains enough DNA to identify the animals inside Posted: 06 Jan 2022 08:15 AM PST The air in a zoo is full of smells, from the fish used for feed to the manure from the grazing herbivores, but now we know it is also full of DNA from the animals living there. Two research groups have each published an independent proof-of-concept study showing that by sampling air from a local zoo, they can collect enough DNA to identify the animals nearby. This may prove to be a valuable, non-invasive tool to track biodiversity. |
| Unexpected hope for millions as bleached coral reefs continue to supply nutritious seafood Posted: 06 Jan 2022 08:15 AM PST Coral reef ecosystems support diverse small-scale fisheries -- and the fish they catch are rich in micronutrients vital to the health of millions of people in the tropics, a new study reveals. And, counter-intuitively, following bleaching events that kill off coral and can transform the composition of reef ecosystems, reef fisheries can remain rich sources of micronutrients, even increasing in nutritional value for some minerals. The findings show that the availability of micronutrients from coral reef small-scale fisheries may be more resilient to climate change than previously thought. |
| Air pollution from wildfires, rising heat affected 68% of US West in one day Posted: 06 Jan 2022 08:00 AM PST Large wildfires and severe heat events are happening more often at the same time, worsening air pollution across the western United States, a study has found. In 2020, more than 68% of the western U.S. -- representing about 43 million people -- were affected in one day by the resulting harmful-levels of air pollution, the highest number in 20 years. The study found that these concurrent air pollution events are increasing not only in frequency but duration and geographic extent across the region. They have become so bad that they have reversed many gains of the Clean Air Act. The conditions that create these episodes are also expected to continue to increase, along with their threats to human health. |
| Fossil research affected by significant colonial bias Posted: 06 Jan 2022 07:59 AM PST The fossil record, which documents the history of life on Earth, is heavily biased by influences such as colonialism, history and global economics, palaeontologists argue. |
| Posted: 05 Jan 2022 05:27 PM PST Nearly 2 million new cases of pediatric asthma every year may be caused by a traffic-related air pollutant, a problem particularly important in big cities around the world, according to a new study. |
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