A pathbreaking call to halt the intertwined crises of cultural heritage attacks and mass atrocities and mobilize international efforts to protect people and cultures. Focusing on immovable cultural heritage, this volume’s guiding framework is the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), a United Nations resolution adopted in 2005 to permit international intervention against crimes of war or genocide. Essays offer readers critical insights and point toward research, policy, and action agendas to protect both people and cultural heritage.