With the march approaching in the summer of 1963, some of the most powerful men in America tried to take it, and its organizer, down. Martin Luther King Jr. may have supplied the spirit of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom with his iconic “I Have a Dream” speech, but the organizational muscle behind the landmark civil rights demonstration was provided by a 53-year-old Quaker from Pennsylvania named Bayard Rustin. For nearly two months before the March in August 1963, Rustin, its chief organizer, chain-smoked his way through constant meetings and telephone conversations, presiding over every aspect of the planned march. Rustin, Dr. King’s mentor in nonviolence, was in many ways a force of nature when it came to fighting injustice. But the man who could tame the police — and who many fellow activists thought would become the “American Gandhi” — had an Achilles’ heel, at least given the time in which he lived. |