| | | | | | | | Antonin Personnaz
Armand Guillaumin Painting "Bathers near Crozant", ca. 1907
Autochrome (exhibited in facsimile)
9 x 12 cm
© Société française de photographie, Paris | | | | | A New Art | | | | Photography and Impressionism | | | | | | | 12 February — 8 May, 2022 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Heinrich Kühn
Miss Mary Warner, 1910
Autochrome
24 x 18 cm
Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna
© ÖNB/Kühn | | | | | | In the nineteenth century, numerous photographers chose the same motifs as impressionist painters: the forest of Fontainebleau, the cliffs of Étretat, or the modern metropolis of Paris. They too studied different light effects, the passing of the seasons, and changing weather conditions. Experimenting with composition and perspective and using a range of different techniques, photography had an artistic ambition from its beginnings. Until the First World War, its relationship to painting was shaped both by competition and influence. Featuring more than 150 works, the exhibition at the Museum Barberini explores photography’s development to an autonomous art form and illuminates its complex relationship to impressionist painting.
The new medium of photography was linked to both the industrial revolution and the advent of a modern knowledge society. At the world’s fairs it was presented to an international public. Photographic exposure and reproduction techniques served the panoramic vision of the period and answered an encyclopedic desire to document. The possibility of creating collections of any conceivable theme through photographs corresponded to a new need to make knowledge accessible and to archive it. Similar to the way in which the city centers of Paris, London, Vienna, or Munich were transformed by historicizing architecture, the new medium also fused tradition and modernity: museums, libraries, and archives were built, travelogues, surveys, and maps shaped the era. At the same time as sociology became a subject, social documentary photography emerged alongside novels of social realism. The natural sciences, which were now becoming separate disciplines, described the present. | | | | | | | | | Augustin Hippolyte called Auguste Collard
Pont de Grenelle, Paris, ca. 1875/76
Albumen print
34 x 42 cm
Bibliothèque de l’École nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Marne-la-Vallée
© École nationale des Ponts et Chaussées | | | | | | So what seemed more natural than to exploit photography’s exactitude? Might the new medium become an auxiliary science of painting? In 1859, Charles Baudelaire wrote a scathing critique of the first Paris Salon to include photographs. In a fictional dispute, he had a photographer say, "I want to represent things as they are, or rather as they would be, supposing that I did not exist." Against this, Baudelaire set the answer of a painter from his favored faction of 'imaginatives': "I want to illuminate things with my mind, and to project their reflection upon other minds." The antagonism between machine and mind established here by Baudelaire, a visionary and a friend of the impressionists, would continue for a long time. As late as 1936, Walter Benjamin’s reflections on the loss of the aura in "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" would return to this distinction.
Claude Monet, just like Berthe Morisot, Camille Pissarro, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, worked en plein air in order to explore the new relationship between humans and nature. The impressionists devoted their works to the fleeting moment, to the here and now, each capturing the changing light and weather phenomena in their own way. This made them natural allies of the photographers. Choosing the same motifs as the impressionists, photographers too studied shifting light and atmospheric conditions and the passing of the seasons. From the beginning, they pursued their artistic ambitions by experimenting with composition and perspective, using different techniques and materials, and employing blurring effects, dramatization, and montage. Like vision itself, light—the basis of photography—was a shared theme of painting and photography.
Before Photography: Painting and the Invention of Photography at the Museum of Modern Art in New York made it clear that photography did not emerge from a scientific context but from landscape painting. The medium’s perspectival and subjective nature has been a research focus ever since, and the insights gained from this enabled pivotal exhibitions such as Gustave Caillebotte: An Impressionist and Photography (Schirn, Frankfurt am Main, 2012) and The Impressionists and Photography (Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, 2019). | | | | | | | | | Hugo Henneberg
After Sunset, 1898 or earlier
Gum bichromate
36 x 51 cm
© Photoinstitut Bonartes, Vienna | | | | | | Yet the interplay between photography and impressionism remains underresearched. A New Art: Photography and Impressionism at the Museum Barberini aims to address this gap. Featuring more than 150 works, including photographs by Stéphanie Breton, Auguste Hippolyte Collard, Eugène Cuvelier, Louis-Alphonse Davanne, Robert Demachy, Peter Henry Emerson, Gustave Le Gray, Henri Le Secq, Heinrich Kühn, Charles Marville, Constant Puyo, Henry Peach Robinson, Alfred Stieglitz, Carl Teufel, and Alphonse Taupin, the exhibition illuminates the development of the new medium. Important loans have been made by the Albertina in Vienna, the Serge Kakou Collection in Paris, the Münchner Stadtmuseum, Musée d'Orsay in Paris, Museum Folkwang in Essen, Photoinstitut Bonartes in Vienna, Société Française de Photographie in Paris, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, and many other institutions.
Photography and Impressionism is the first photography exhibition to be shown at the Museum Barberini since its opening in 2017. Its point of departure is the collection of impressionist and post-impressionist paintings by museum founder Hasso Plattner, which has been on permanent display since September 2020 and includes numerous works by artists like Gustave Caillebotte, Claude Monet, or Berthe Morisot. The Von der Heydt-Museum in Wuppertal, which will present the show from October 2, 2022 to January 8, 2023 in cooperation with the Museum Barberini, is one of the institutions that began to collect impressionist art early on, setting an example in both Germany and Europe overall.
The exhibitions in Potsdam and Wuppertal are accompanied by a comprehensive catalog published by Prestel, Munich, with contributions by Ulrich Pohlmann, Monika Faber, Dominique de Font-Réaulx, Matthias Krüger, Esther Ruelfs, and Bernd Stiegler, which are based on the findings of the preparatory symposium held in Potsdam in October 2021. | | | | | | | | | Peter Henry Emerson
Gathering Water Lilies, 1886
Platinum print
19,5 x 29 cm
Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Graphische Sammlung, acquired 1989, Rolf Mayer Collection, Stuttgart
© Photo: bpk / Staatsgalerie Stuttgart / Peter Henry Emerson | | | | | | unsubscribe here
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